• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2005

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the sub-dimensions of time management behaviors and satisfaction with time management, and (2) to identify the variables that can affect satisfaction with time management. Data was collected through an Internet survey answered by 611 working men and women. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. As a result of the study, the sub-dimensions of time management behaviour were extracted into three subordinate categories, which were, planning, human relation orientation, and urgency. The sub-dimensions of the satisfaction with time management were extracted into three subordinate categories, which were, satisfaction with the management results, satisfaction with time distribution, and satisfaction of spare time. Management result satisfaction displayed a positive relationship with planning and work time. The satisfaction with time distribution displayed a positively relationship with planning, relations-intention, the level of education, and sleeping time, while displaying a negative relationship with work time. Also, Women tended to be more satisfied with time distribution than men. Finally, the satisfaction of spare time was positively related with age, while negatively related to urgency and work time.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1118-1130
• /
• 2004

이 연구는 두 가지 목적으로 수행되었다:(1) 초등학생들이 작성한 평일과 일요일 과학자와 회사원의 하루 일과표의 비교를 통해 과학자의 생활시간에 대한 인식을 조사하고, (2) 학생 및 교사의 과학자 및 과학자가 하는 일에 대한 이미지 조사 방법으로서 '과학자의 일과표 그리기 (DASS: Drawing a Scientist's Schedule)' 의 가능성을 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 공주시 소재 초등학교 1개 학급 6학년 30명(남:15명, 여:15명)이 본 연구에 참가하였다. 이들이 작성한 하루일과표와 이에 대한 면담을 통해 과학자와 회사원의 생활시간(필수, 의무 및 여가생활시간)을 비교 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 학생들은 회사원에 비해 과학자의 의무생활시간은 많고 필수생활시간이나 여가생활시간은 적다고 인식하고 있으며 일요일에는 더욱 두드러진 양상을 보인다. 둘째, 학생들의 인식하고 있는 과학자와 회사원의 필수생활시간에 있어 차이는 수면시간의 차이에 의한 것이며, 과학자의 수면시간과 관련하여 학생들의 인식은 회사원에 비해 다양함을 보인다. 셋째, 학생들은 과학자가 회사원에 비해 의무생활시간 중 직업과 관련된 일을 하는데 사용하는 시간은 많으나, 가정관리와 관련된 일을 위한 시간은 적을것이라고 인식하는 경향을 보인다. 넷째, 학생들이 생각하는 과학자의 여가생활시간은 회사원에 비해 적을 뿐 아니라 그 활동 유형에도 차이를 보인다. 다섯째, '과학자의 일과표 그리기(DASS: Drawing a Scientist's Schedule)'를 통해 학생들이 인식하고 있는 과학자의 생활모습에 대한 다양한 정보 뿐 아니라 기존에 널리 활용되고 있는 DAST로는 분석하기 어려운 학생들의 과학자와 과학자가 하는 일에 대한 이미지를 분석해냄으로써 새로운 접근방식으로서 그 가능성과 유용성을 보였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.139-156
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to compare the patterns of time use between Korean and USA families. The data for 353 Seoul-based Korean families with two children living in Seoul and 130 USA families with two children living in the State of Utah were collected using a structured questionnaire and time diary. The major findings were as the following: 1. The Korean couples spent more time at personal care, paid work, and travel than the USA couples did, while the USA couples spent more time at housework and social-cultural activities than the Korean couples did. 2. The Korean wives spent more time doing food and clothing related housework than the USA wives did. Compared with the Korean wives, however, the time spent at house cleaning and management, family care and shopping and home management were longer than USA wives. The time U.S. husbands engaged in housework was much greater than by the Korean husbands. 3. Regardless of sex and school level, the Korean children spent less time at sleeping/rest, housework and socio-cultural activities and more time at eating and learning than those of U.S. These time use patterns of the families in both countries may reflect the differences of the cultural contexts, social norms, life styles, and the degrees of urbanization. To fully explain the findings, further study on the differences in social and cultural factors between the two countries is needed.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.35-59
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in adolescents' time use and time famine between 2004~2014. The data sources were the Time Use Surveys, which were conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office in 2004 and 2014. A total of 15,386 time diaries (9,008 from 2004, 6,378 from 2014) from adolescents aged between 10 and 18 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-test were used for the statistical analyses. The main findings were as follows: First, the necessary time of adolescents was more in 2014 compared to 2004. In particular, adolescents' sleeping time increased on Saturdays. Second, on weekdays and Saturdays, the school hours of adolescents was less in 2014 compared to 2004. But extra school hours of adolescents were more on Saturdays. Third, adolescents had more leisure time on Saturdays but less leisure time on Sundays in 2014 than 2004. Fourth, the average time famine score was lower in 2014 compared to 2004. Even so, the score for high school students was higher than 3 in 4 point Likert scale. This study provides a data-base on the well-being of adolescents and the education policies that affect them.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.43-56
• /
• 2010

This study explored time-use patterns of young children and compared the patterns according to mother's employment status. Using 6718 time diaries of 3359 children under age 5, as reported by their mothers, this study examined (1) the proportion of children who spent time on certain activities and the amount of time they spent on each activity for a weekday and a weekend day and (2) the proportion and the amount of time that children spent with certain adults. Compared to children with unemployed mothers, children with employed mothers spent more time during weekdays in child care centers and less time sleeping. These children also spent more time on education during weekends. The proportionate and actual times children spent with various adults also differed by the mother's employment status. Those with employed mothers spent less time with their mothers and more time with other relatives or teachers on weekdays. These results indicate that maternal employment corresponds with differing timeuse patterns from children's early life stages.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1997

An experimental study was done to investigate the spontaneous movements to the isolated ileum with liquid extracts of Samchulgunbitang. Then the action of gastric ulcer, gastric-juice secretion, the free acidity, total acidity, pepsin output, the transport ability in the intestine, analgesic effect and sleeping time were measured. The following results were obtained; 1. As to the spontaneous movements in the isolated ileum, the effect of contraction against suppression was recognized. 2. The effects of contraction against suppression induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride were recognized on the gastric funds strip significantly. 3. The preventive effect of Samchulgunbitang on the pylorus-lightedulcer in rat was recognized significantly. 4. The anti-ulcer effect of Samchulgunbitang was not recognized on the gastric ulcer caused by indomethacin. 5. The effects of decreasing on the secretion gastric juice, the free acidity, total acidity and pepsin output of Samchulgunbitang were recognized significantly. 6. The transport rate in the small intestine of Samchulgunbitang was decreased. 7. The transport rate in the large intestine of Samchulgunbitang was increased. 8. The analgesic effect of Samchulgunbitang caused by acetic acid was recognized significantly. 9. The sleeping time caused by pentobarbital-Na of Samchulgunbitang was prolonged significantly. According to the results, it is considered that the Samchulgunbitang has effects of gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, hyper-acidity, gastroptosis such as abdominal discomfort, gastric acid, indigestion and anorexia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.563-575
• /
• 1995

In order to investigate the prevalence and the factors related to the depression and burnout among private practice physicians, a SDS(self-rating depression scale) and MBI(Maslach burnout inventory) -based questionnaire study was performed on 344 private practice physicians in Kwangju and Chonnam area. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Mean SDS score was 38.3 in total subjects and the prevalence rate of depression was 48.8%. As for the frequency order of the items of the SDS, decreased libido, diurnal variation and hopelessness were relatively high, and suicidal rumination, constipation and agitation were noted low. 2. Noticeable factors related with depression were smoking, coffee use, sleeping time and satisfaction with income. 3. As a result a factor analysis with the MBI data, five factors named as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, involvement and self-interest were extracted. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that 48.8% of the physician sample reported high scores on emotional exhaustion, and 45.3% scored high on depersonalization. Personal accomplishment scores remained high with 45.3% reporting high personal accomplishment. 4. Variables related to the burnout were age, sleeping time, family size religion, medical speciality, duration of practice setting, visiting patient number, closing day per month and job satisfaction. 5. In the relationship with depression, burnout was closely related to depression. Above results showed that the high percentage of private practice physicians experiencing depression and burnout suggests the need for further research to establish trends, to identify causal factors, and to develop avenues to reduce stress.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1982

Zizyphus seed(Zizyphus vulgaris Lamark var. Spinosus Bunge) has long been used as hypnotics and sedatives in oriental medicine, and it is reported that the Zizyphus seed elicited a variety of pharmacologic actions besides CNS depression. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Zizyphus seed on the central nervous system and on the blood pressure. The effect of Zizyphus seed on the central nervous system was measured by the influence of thiopental sleeping time and by inhibition of chemical convulsion (strychnine and pentylenetetrazol induced). Blood pressure changes by Zizyphus extract and its mode of action were investigated. The ground Zizyphus seed was extracted with hexane and methanol, consecutively and the supernatants were discarded. The precipitate was re-extracted with distilled water and the supernatant was evaporated to a dark-brownish sticky liquid, which was used as Zizyphus seed extract in this study after dissolving in saline prior to experiment. The results are as follows. 1) Zizyphus seed extract caused marked prolongation of the thiopental sleeping time in mice. 2) The chemical convulsion by strychnine and pentylenetetrazol, and the mortality by them in chicks were not affected by pretreatment of Zizyphus seed extract. 3) Zizyphus seed extract produced transient fall of blood pressure in the cat, and this hypotentive effect was blocked partially by atropine but not affected by bilateral vagotomy and/or hexamethonium, nor propranolol and, chlorpheniramine and/or cimetidine. With the above results, it may be suggested that the water extract of Zizyphus seeds contains components producing CNS depression and hypotension. Furthermore it is felt that the cholinergic effect, but not the adrenergic or histaminergic, is partly responsible for the hypotensive effect of Zizyphus seed extract.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2020

Introduction: We report a rare case in which the symptoms of hypersomnia were caused by cerebral infarction that occurred in the hypothalamus and hypothalamus. Case Presentation: The patient underwent Korean medicine treatments using Gami-seonghyangjeonggi-san, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and physical therapy for 37 days. We evaluated the degree of improvement in hypersomnolence based on the amount of sleeping time and the degree of memory impairment with the patient's suggestive conditions as observed by the patient's guardian, and one-sided facial palsy using the Yanagihara Scale. As treatment was applied, sleeping time was decreased from 22 to 9 hours a day. Memory impairment did not show clear improvements as the patient could not recognize others when they visited during the period in which the patient underwent treatment. One-sided facial palsy showed no improvements and there were no changes in the Yanagihara Scale results. Conclusion: This case showed that Korean medicine treatment could be effective to relieve some of the symptoms of thalamus and hypothalamus infarction. Further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2004

Safety pharmacological properties of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, were investigated in experimental animals and in vitro test system. CJ-11555 had no effects on normal body temperature in rats, motor coordination, chemoshock induced by pentetrazol, electric shock induced by electric shocker and writhing syndromes in mice at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 inhibited intestinal activity and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 affected on general activity and behaviour tests in SD rats, such as lacrimation, ptosis, piloerection, decreased body tone, abnormal dispersion within the cage, diarrhoea, red colored faeces, slight hypothermia and decreased grooming, at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg in rats. CJ-11555 was effected on cardiovascular and respiratory system in anesthetized beagle dogs, such as tachycardia, increase of mean blood pressure and decrease of PR interval, decrease of respiratory rate and minute volume, at dose levels of 10 and 30 mg/kg. However, these effects were also observed in vehicle treated anesthetized beagle dogs. In in vitro experiments, CJ-11555 inhibited agonists (histamine, acetyl-choline or $BaCl_2$) induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig at the concentration of 30$\times$$10^6$ M. CJ-11555 was weekly inhibited hERG channel current at concentrations of 10 and 30$\times$$10^6$ M, and $IC_{50}$ was estimated to be higher than 30${\times}$$10^6$M. Based on these results, it was concluded that CJ-11555 affected on cardiovascular and respiratory system, general activity and behaviour and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg and contraction of the smooth muscle and hERG channel current at the concentration of 30$\times$$10^6$ M.