• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.286-286
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• 1996

In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of transdermal absorption-enhancing compounds, i.e., pyrrolidone derivatives (2-pyrrolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidone and 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), multilamellar liposome was prepared from the simulated stratum corneum lipid and employed as a model system for the barrier function of the stratum corneum. The liposomal membrane of the stratum corneum lipid liposome (SCLL) behaves as an osmometer and has an excellent barrier function. In addition, its phase transition temperatures are similar to those of human stratum corneum intercellular lipid region. Therefore, SCLL seems to be a useful skin model. To estimate the barrier function of SCLL, the osmotic behavior of SCLL was measured in the presence of pyrrolidone derivatives and the effect on the phase transition temperature of SCLL was also investigated using differential calorimetry. Above a certain concentration (MLAC), enhances perturb the barrier function of the liposome. The relationship between MLACs and the partition coefficient of the pyrrolidone derivatives was observed; the greater the partition coefficients, the smaller the MLAC. This suggests that the more hydrophobic enhancers penetrate into the lipid layer more easily and reduce the barrier function of membrane more effectively. The results of differential scanning thermograms of the SCLL suggest that the pyrrolidone derivatives had incorporated into the lipid layer in the liposome and increased the fluidity of the lipid layer in the liposome. Such activity might have some correlation with the transdermal absorption-enhancing activity these compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 2013

Recently, many cosmetic researchers have been focused on the development of high functional cosmetics including anti-wrinkle and whitening. In these studies, they couldn't afford to pay a deep attention to stable encapsulations for unstable materials and efficient drug deliveries for them. Particularly, in order to show a degree of instant effects as cosmetics, they can't also ignore moisturizing effect enough to satisfy customers just after applying and its maintenance by improving the function of skin barrier as well as above two effects. Therefore, skin analogue systems have attracted considerable attention in the view of structural and compositional similarity to intercellular membrane in stratum corneum. And, some models for skin analogue composition were developed to improve the function of skin barrier, stably encapsulate unstable materials such as retinol, vitamin B, C, E, etc., and control their skin penetration in order to show good effects as cosmetics. In this study, we suggest the new skin analogue model having the compositional similarity as well as conventional structural ones. Our skin analogue membrane(SAM) is mainly composed of ceramide/ cholesterol/phosphatidylcholin/fatty acids and its structural defects are compensated by including cholesterol amphiphile and controlling the ratio of ceramide/cholesterol. It was possible to confirm the formation of skin analogue membrane having highly-densed multilamella structure and compare them according to the change of each ratio with a polarized microscope, X-ray diffraction. More detaily, we observed their structures with a electron microscope(TEM). Finally, we dispersed them in excess of continuous water phase, observed the formation of maltese-cross liquid crystalline and measured the efficiency of drug deliveries and moisturizing effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 1996

Recently, in vitro stratum curneum model was a useful tool to evaluate the skin condition such as tranespidermal water loss, skin hydration and etc.. In this study to evaluate the alteration of SC with aging in hairless mouse, we measured TEWL using in vitro SC model, SC lipid, and outer corneocytes area. Although the total SC lipid was rich about 30% in 8 week old mouse compared with that of 82 week old mouse, the TEWL values were higher in the former than that of the latter. The outer corneocytes area was 559 $\pm$ 65 $mu extrm{m}$2 in 8 week old mouse and 755 $\pm$ 56 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$2 in 82 week old mouse. So the barrier function was reinforced with aging. This result suggested that the reinforced barrier function is one of the defense systems against the outer enviornment and the decreased skin function with aging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2023

In this study, in vitro and clinical studies were conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and skin improvement effects, including moisturizing, sebum secretion-regulating, skin barrier function enhancing, and soothing of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. In in vitro study using cultured human epidermal keratinocytes induced with inflammation by lipopolysaccharide, significant decreases in inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was revealed, indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. Additionally, the results of clinical study on subjects with sensitive skin demonstrated improved skin hydration, regulation of sebum secretion, enhanced skin barrier function, as well as amelioration of skin redness and acne, indicating positive effects on overall skin conditions after application of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil containing test product for 4 weeks. Results of this study demonstrated the potential of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil as an ingredient for cosmetic, targeting consumers with sensitive skin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Eruca sativa is a rocket plant and a member of the Brassicaceae, which is considered to be an important chemo-preventive plant family. Although Eruca sativa has positive biological effects, the effect of Eruca sativa extract (ES) on improvement of skin barrier function has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the applicability of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Eruca sativa extract. ES showed anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In particular, antimicrobial activities of ES against B. subtilis was the highest. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis of protein marker related to keratinocyte differentiation was determined. The treatment by ES (50 mg/L) showed a significant increase of involucrin expression compared with treatment by 0.1% DMSO as a control in skin equivalents, the ES-treated group showed similar level in the expression of involucrin compared to the group treated with the same concentration of WY14643 in $EpiDerm^{TM}$, a three-dimensional model of skin equivalents. These results indicate that ES promotes the expression of protein related to barrier properties of the skin. Therefore, ES may be an effective ingredient for skin barrier improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.674-681
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• 2020

The root of Codonopsis lanceolata has been used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to confirm the comparative effect of ethanol solvent extraction (CLE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (CLS) of C. lanceolata roots. CLS had higher antioxidant than CLE. For supercritical co-solvent modified carbon dioxide extraction (CLS), it were extracted at 250 bar 50℃ 150 min at a flow rate of ethyl alcohol 3 mL/min for 90min. In addition, CLS inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When treated with the extract at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells increased approximately by 3-folds compared to that of the untreated control group. Also, the treatment by CLS (50 ㎍/mL) showed a significant increase of involucrin expression. These results indicate that supercritical carbon dioxide extract of C. lanceolatamay serve as a cosmeceutical agent for improving skin barrier function and the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2015

Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates that provides protection from pathogenic infection, physical damage, or UV irradiation, and controls body temperature and water content. In this study, we examined the effects of oral intake of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysates on skin moisturizing. In an in vitro study, we observed that the hyaluronic acid content increased in HaCaT cells treated with L. plantarum K8 lysates. Oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates effectively attenuated the horny layer formation and decreased epidermal thickening in DNCB-treated SKH-1 hairless mice skin. The damage to barrier function was reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates as compared with that in the atopic dermatitis mice. For the test with volunteers, we manufactured experimental candy containing 2.1% L. plantarum K8 lysates, while control candy did not contain bacterial lysate. A significant increase in hydration in the experimental candy-administered group as compared with the control candy-administered group was observed on the face after 4 and 8 weeks, and on the forearm after 4 weeks. Decreases in horny layer thickness and TEWL value were observed on the face and forearm of the experimental group. Together, the in vitro cell line and in vivo mouse studies revealed that L. plantarum K8 lysates have a moisturizing effect. A clinical research study with healthy volunteers also showed an improvement in barrier repair and function when volunteers took L. plantarum K8 lysates-containing candy. Thus, our results suggest that L. plantarum K8 lysates may help to improve skin barrier function.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.435-435
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 2013

Canine skin is a highly dynamic organ that is constantly adapted to changes in its environment. It provides structural, sensory, immunologic, and physiologic functions and contributes an essential barrier function against potential environmental insults. We assessed the changes of canine skin hydration, pH, and protein contents by noninvasive method according to the frequency of application with canine commercial shampoo. Canine commercial shampoo was applied topically every other day, 5 days, and 8 days on different sites, respectively in 8 dogs. Saline-applied site was as a control. Skin hydration was increased and skin surface pH was decreased significantly in canine commercial shampoo-applied site every other day (p < 0.05). Also, skin protein concentration measured by D-squame$^{(R)}$ tape stripping method was increased significantly in canine commercial shampoo-applied site every other day (p < 0.05). There were alterations on every 5 days and 8 days, but not significantly. These results may be recognized that the frequent use of canine commercial shampoo cause abnormalities of the skin barrier function and alteration of stratum corneum integrity/cohesion. Consequently it was suggested that bathing the dog with canine commercial shampoo was appropriate every 5 or 8 days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.597-601
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• 2013

In this study, we searched for bioactive compounds from natural resources with a supercritical extract. We selected the extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Lufa cylindrica, Paeonia lactiflora, Gardenia jasminoides and Scutellaria baicalensis, as natural materials, and evaluated the effects of their skin barrier function. We found that these extracts increased the transactivation activity of the PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) and the anti-oxidation with different priorities, respectively. In addition, these extracts promoted the expression of proteins related to cornified envelope (CE) formation, such as involucrin. From these results, we suggest that natural materials from supercritical extracts will be pertinent candidates for the improvement of the epidermal permeability barrier function.