• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2024

In this paper, we designed a low-area 32-bit PF (Poly-fuse) OTP IP, a non-volatile memory that stores data required for analog circuit trimming and calibration. Since one OTP cell is constructed using two PFs in one select transistor, a 1cell-2bit multibit PF OTP cell that can program 2bits of data is proposed. The bitcell size of the proposed 1cell-2bit PF OTP cell is 1/2 of 12.69㎛ × 3.48㎛ (=44.161㎛2), reducing the cell area by 33% compared to that of the existing PF OTP cell. In addition, in this paper, a new 1 row × 32 column cell array circuit and core circuit (WL driving circuit, BL driving circuit, BL switch circuit, and DL sense amplifier circuit) are proposed to meet the operation of the proposed multbit cell. The layout size of the 32bit OTP IP using the proposed multibit cell is 238.47㎛ × 156.52㎛ (=0.0373㎛2) is reduced by about 33% compared that of the existing 32bit PF OTP IP using a single bitcell, which is 386.87㎛ × 144.87㎛ (=0.056㎛2). The 32-bit PF OTP IP, designed with 10 years of data retention time in mind, is designed with a minimum programmed PF sensing resistance of 10.5㏀ in the detection read mode and of 5.3 ㏀ in the read mode, respectively, as a result of post-layout simulation of the test chip.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 2006

Talaromyces flavus mediates the transmission of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) to several host plants. The ASGV-F carried by T.flavus was partially purified from the fungus. Based on sequence analysis and homology searches, this is closely related to other ASGV strains isolated from host plants. The partially purified viral coat protein (CP) was separated on a 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and analyzed by Western blotting with an ASGV anti-serum. A single band at 28 kDa reacted with the ASGV anti-serum. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ORF-l showed conserved domains, including an NTP-binding helicase motif, GFAGSGKT. The amino acid sequences of the helicase and CP showed strong homology to other ASGV strains (98%). All ASGV isolated from plants and fungi had salt bridges composed of the CP and the GFAGSGKT motif of the helicase, which are commonly conserved in plant viruses. These results suggest that ASGV-F is one of ASGV strains isolated from T.flavus based on sequence similarity as well as the serological analysis of CP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.899-903
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• 2013

A self-bearing is an electric machine that achieves both rotational actuation and magnetic levitation using a single magnetic structure. To be able to stably levitate the rotor in a self-bearing, one needs to have an inverse of the force-current model. However, the force-current model in a self-bearing motor is typically not square. Furthermore, the elements of the matrix vary with respect to the rotational angle, resulting in singularities of the pseudo-inverse at various angles. In this paper, we propose a new force-current model that eliminates the singularities by adding a constraint in coil currents. This constraint eliminates the flux density in the stator core so that the saturation problem in the previous study is avoided. By implementing this force-current model, we are able to implement a levitation controller for a toroidally-wound self-bearing BLDC motor. The model inversion and levitation are validated experimentally.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.67.4-68
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• 2015

We present a multi-wavelength observational study of a low-mass star-forming region, L1251-C, with observational results at wavelengths from the near-infrared to the millimeter. Spitzer Space Telescope observations confirmed that IRAS 22343+7501 is a small group of protostellar objects. The extended emission to east-west direction with its intensity peak at the center of L1251A has been detected at 350 and 850 mm with the CSO and JCMT telescopes, tracing dense envelope materials around L1251A. The single-dish data from the KVN and TRAO telescopes show inconsistencies between the intensity peaks of several molecular line emission and that of the continuum emission, suggesting complex distributions of molecular abundances around L1251A. The SMA interferometer data, however, show intensity peaks of CO 2-1 and $^{13}CO$ 2-1 located at the position of IRS 1, which is both the brightest source in IRAC image and the weakest source in the 1.3 mm dust continuum map. IRS 1 is the strongest candidate for being the driving source of a newly detected the compact CO 2-1 outflow. Over the whole region ($14^{\prime}{\times}14^{\prime}$) of L125l-C, 3 Class I and 16 Class II sources have been detected, including three YSOs in L1251A. A comparison with the average projected distance among 19 YSOs in L1251-C and that among 3 YSOs in L1251A suggests L1251-C is an example of low-mass cluster formation, where protostellar objects are forming in a small group.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

A clock duty-cycle corrector (DCC) which is an essential device of clocking circuits for high-speed system-on-chip (SoC) design is introduced in this paper. The architectures and operation of conventional analog feedback DCCs and digital feedback DCCs are compared and analyzed. A new mixed-mode feedback DCC that combines the advantages of analog DCCs and digital DCCs to achieve a wider duty-cycle correction range, higher operating frequency, and higher duty-cycle correction accuracy is presented. Especially, the architectures and design of a mixed-mode duty-cycle amplifier (DCA) which is a core unit circuit of a mixed-mode DCC is presented in detail. Two mixed-mode DCCs based on a single-stage DCA and a two-stage DCA were designed in a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS process, and it is proven that the two-stage DCA-based DCC has a wider duty-cycler correction range and smaller duty-cycle correction error.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-53
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• 2012

This study analyzed the changes in Library and Information Science (LIS) courses by investigating the LIS curriculum of Korea in the past 20 years (1991-2011). Results showed that the total number of courses increased as a whole. As the Korean educational system moved forward to the faculty system (Hakbuje), the number of basic courses increased while the number of core courses decreased. But the opposite phenomenon appeared as universities returned to the department system (Hakgwaje). Also, we investigated the domain-specific distribution of each department by separating the courses of 34 Korean LIS Departments into these seven domains: General Library and Information Science; Information Organization; Library and Information Center Management; Information Services; Information Science; Bibliography; and Archival Science. The results showed that the number of courses reduced in most domains over the past 20 years, except for the Library Service and Information Science areas. This study also explored the following phenomena: disappeared courses, changed course's names, courses that integrated into a single course, courses that separated into various other courses, and newly emerging courses with the developing age.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.44-55
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• 2001

MAC(Multiply and ACcumulate) is the core operation of multimedia data processing. Because MAC units implemented on traditional DSP units or embedded processors have latency of three cycles and cannot operate on multiple data simultaneously, then, performances are seriously limited. Many high end general purpose microprocessors have SIMD MAC unit as a functional unit. But these high end MAC units must support pipeline structure for various operation modes and high clock frequency, which makes control logic complex and increases chip area. In this paper, a 64bit SIMD MAC unit for embedded processors is designed. It is implemented to have a latency of one clock cycle to remove pipeline control logics and a minimal area overhead for SIMD support is added to existing Booth multipliers.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.446-457
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• 2017

In order to reduce the size of frame memory or bus bandwidth, frame memory compression (FMC) recompresses reconstructed or reference frames of video codecs. This paper proposes a novel FMC design based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) - set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which supports fine-scalable throughput and is area-efficient. In the proposed design, multi-cores with small block sizes are used in parallel instead of a single core with a large block size. In addition, an appropriate pipelining schedule is proposed. Compared to the previous design, the proposed design achieves the processing speed which is closer to the target system speed, and therefore it is more efficient in hardware utilization. In addition, a scheme in which two passes of SPIHT are merged into one pass called merged refinement pass (MRP) is proposed. As the number of shifters decreases and the bit-width of remained shifters is reduced, the size of SPIHT hardware significantly decreases. The proposed FMC encoder and decoder designs achieve the throughputs of 4,448 and 4,000 Mpixels/s, respectively, and their gate counts are 76.5K and 107.8K. When the proposed design is applied to high efficiency video codec (HEVC), it achieves 1.96% lower average BDBR and 0.05 dB higher average BDPSNR than the previous FMC design.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2020

Recently, with the interest in the 4th industrial revolution, the demand for autonomous driving technology is increasing. V2X communication technology is a core technology for autonomous vehicles that exchanges information with objects such as vehicles, infrastructure, networks, and pedestrians through wired and wireless networks. In this paper, we present the results of the hybrid V2X communication system, which is a hybrid design of WAVE and LTE, and the coverage test to confirm the performance of the system. Through coverage measurement, we show that the hybrid V2X communication performance is superior to the existing LTE or WAVE single communication system in communication coverage, so it can be effectively applied to autonomous driving services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.616-628
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience on non-selection of romance among college students. A deep understand would lead us to help their adaptation and development. For this, we interviewed 12 people who chose to be single and the data was analyzed by the method of Consensual Qualitative Research. As a result, 6 sub-domains and 27 categories have been drawn under 3 core ideas in total. First, the participants described their non-selection of romance as temporary because they had no one to like. Second, during the non-selection of romance, romance was out of priority due to the situation without composure for participants. Also, they didn't place much value on romantic relationship and perceived the experience of past romance negatively. Third, they were focused on themselves and felt free, and they felt the emptiness of their lover and the importance of their surroundings by not selecting romance. Implications and limitations of current study are discussed.