• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2018

Malaysia and Singapore have adopted Eurocode 8 (EC8) for the seismic design of building structures. The authors studied the seismic hazard modelling of the region surrounding Malaysia and Singapore for a long time and have been key contributors to the drafting of the Malaysia National Annex (NA). The purpose of this paper is to explain the principles underlying the derivation of the elastic response spectrum model for Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah). The current EC8 NA for Singapore is primarily intended to address the distant hazards from Sumatra and is not intended to provide coverage for potential local intraplate hazards. Hence, this paper recommends a reconciled elastic response spectrum for Singapore, aiming to achieve a more robust level of safety. The topics covered include the modelling of distant interplate earthquakes generated offshore and local earthquakes in an intraplate tectonic setting, decisions on zoning, modelling of earthquake recurrences, ground motion and response spectrum. Alternative expression for response spectrum on rock, strictly based on the rigid framework of EC8 is discussed.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1149-1151
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• 2003

We performed a validation study of the MODIS active fire detection algorithm using high resolution SPOT image as the reference data set. Fire with visible smoke plumes are detected in the SPOT scenes, while the hotspots in MODIS data are detected using NASA's new version 4 fire detection algorithm. The detection performance is characterized by the commission error rate (false alarms) and the omission error rate (undetected fires). In the Sumatra and Kalimantan study area, the commission rate and the omission rate are 27% and 34% respectively. False alarms are probably due to recently burnt areas with warm surfaces. False negative detection occur where there are long smoke plumes and where fires occur in densely vegetated areas.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

Seawater desalination has vest interest in terms of ultimate water resources for the countries suffering lack of water supply. Water demand is steadily increasing due to the population growth and industrialization in Asia. The objectives of this study are to prospect the desalination market in Asia countries including China, India and Singapore, and to propose possible strategies of getting through Asia water market. Water supply in China is increasing up to $5,322,060m^3$/d in 2015. Northeast coastal areas such as Tianjin, Shandong, Hubei, and Liaoning are expected rapid increase for water demand. The investment of water supply in India would be 1.74 billion dollars during 2006 to 2015. Chennai, Kutch, and Pondicherry have possibility in introducing seawater desalination plants. Singapore is focusing on water reuse, and operating three NEWater plants (water reuse plants). BOT with total solution providing financing, construction, operation etc. is an adequate strategy to getting through China water market, while desalination plant project connecting with power plant is desirable in India. The cooperative system with Korea and Singapore creates synergy effect regarding planning and operating experience of Singapore and EPC ability of Korea.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 1998

In this paper, the potential ground motion in terms of the peak ground accelerations(PGAs) due to long-distance Sumatra earthquakes is investigated for Singapore, following the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment a, pp.oach. The case investigated differs from a conventional one, in that few attenuation equations for long-distance major earthquakes are readily available. The attenuation relationships developed for other regions of the world are thus reviewed. It is found that the existing attenuation equations, when extrapolated to distant major earthquakes, tend to underestimate the PGAs. By comparing with the PGAs recorded over long distances at stations of the Japanese Meteorological Agency for major earthquakes in Japan, an attenuation equation is chosen for this study. With the chosen attenuation equation, the probability of PGAs exceeding selected levels for various exposure periods of time is then computed. The results show that at Singapore there is a 10% probability in 50 years for the PGA at rock sites to exceed 1.1% g. In view of the results and the associated uncertainties, a base shear coefficient of 1.5% is being recommended as the tentative seismic loading in Singapore. The tentative seismic loading reflects the design value of the notional horizontal load, equal to 1.5% of the characteristic building weigh as specified in the BS code, which usualy governs the design of most buildings in Singapors.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2011

Risk management is popularly and widely used in various industries to handle uncertainty that can negatively affect their businesses. While in the current Information-Technology oriented age, software packages are designed to assist in carrying out risk management processes, the construction industry does not seem to have software that is tuned to its specific characteristics and processes. Therefore, this study first explores the types of software that are commonly used for risk management in the Singapore construction industry. Also, using one-sample t-test, it is tested if the software programs used in the construction industry have effectively catered the needs of the users. For the analysis, a survey questionnaire was developed and the representatives from 34 companies participated in the survey. Furthermore, this study also makes use of the current risk management framework defined in ISO31000 to design a risk management software algorithm that can suit the needs for the Singapore construction industry. The results from this study will contribute to identifying strategic areas, in terms of use of risk management software, on which the industry needs to focus, ultimately enhancing their performance of risk management.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2008

An experiment setup was introduced to study dynamic behaviour of different types of check valves and the effects of air entrainment on the check valve performance under pressure transient condition. The experiment results show that the check valves with low inertia, assisted by springs or small traveling distance/angle gave better performance under pressure transient condition than check valves without these features. Air entrainment was found to affect both wave speed and reverse velocity. With the increase of the initial air void fraction in pipeline, the experiment results show that the wave speed was reduced, the reverse velocity was increased. The first peak pressure increased initially and then decreased with the increase of the initial air void fraction, the pressure surge periods were increased proportionally with air void fraction due to the greatly reduced wave speed. The study can be applied to help choosing suitable check valves for a particular pumping system.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2012

Small peptide tags such as c-myc, HA, or FLAG tag have facilitated efficient Western-blotting of proteins of interest especially when specific antibodies for the proteins are not available. However, the conventional Western-blotting requires the multi-steps process taking at least several hours up to two days. With examples of various applications, here we show a convenient and time-saving method for protein detection which employs a fluorescent chemical BDED and its binding peptide RC-tag. And we propose "Estern staining", as a standard term for protein detection method using fluorescent chemicals and their binding small peptide tags. Eastern staining may substitutes for the time-consuming "immuno-staining" in many versatile applications.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to identify what factors influence a customer's purchasing intention and to identify if customer's attitudes are different between an Internet shopping mall in Singapore and Korea. To perform a cross-nation analysis between Singapore and Korea, this research reapplied the finding of Liao and Cheung(2001) in a Singapore Internet shopping mall, including transactions security, Internet usage, price, shopping experience, vendor quality, network speed. The empirical results of this research indicate that all hypotheses in our model are significant; therefore, Internet usage, price, vendor quality and network speed influence customer's purchasing intention positively and transactions security and shopping experience negatively. The results of a cross-nation analysis indicate that customer's attitudes in both Singapore and Korea are the same. Therefore, Asia's with similar cultures are the same factors In Internet shopping mall. In Conclusion, with the rapid growth of the Internet market in Asia, many cross-nations researches based on Asia culture must be published. Therefore, this research will be the foundation of these researches.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.584-588
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• 2013

Background The ability to achieve a long-term, stricture-free urethral repair is one of the ongoing challenges of reconstructive urologic surgery. A successful initial repair is critical, as repeat procedures are difficult, owing to distortion, scarring, and short urethral stumps. Methods We describe a technique in which the gracilis muscle flap is laid on or wrapped around the urethral repair site to provide a well-vascularised soft tissue reinforcement for urethral repair. This technique promotes vascular induction, whereby a new blood supply is introduced to the repair site to improve the outcome of urethral repair or anastomotic urethroplasty. The surface contact between the muscle flap and the repair site is enhanced by the use of fibrin glue to improve adherence and promote inosculation and healing. We employed this technique in 4 patients with different urethral defects. Results After a follow-up period of 32 to 108 months, all of the urethral repairs were successful without complications. Conclusions Our results suggest that the use of a gracilis muscle flap to vascularise urethral repairs can improve the outcome of challenging urethral repairs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2017

CRISPR/Cas9 is the latest tool introduced in the field of genome engineering and is so far the best genome-editing tool as compared to its precedents such as, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALENs). The simple design and assembly of the CRISPR/Cas9 system makes genome editing easy to perform as it uses small guide RNAs that correspond to their DNA targets for high efficiency editing. This has helped open the doors for multiplexible genome targeting in many species that were intractable using old genetic perturbation techniques. Currently, The CRISPR system is revolutionizing the way biological researches are conducted and paves a bright future not only in research but also in medicine and biotechnology. In this review, we evaluated the history, types and structure, the mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas System. In particular, we focused on the application of this powerful tool in autophagy research.