• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2012

A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous and quantitative detection of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) was developed, based on a poly(thionine)-modified anodized glassy carbon electrode (PTH/GCE). The modified electrode showed the excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of both RT and MT in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The peak-to-peak separations (${\Delta}E_p$) for the simultaneous detection of RT and MT between the two reduction waves in CV and DPV were increased significantly from ca. 100 mV at anodized GCE, to ca. 550 mV at the PTH/GCE. The reduction peak currents of RT and MT were linear over the range from 35 to $500{\mu}M$ in the presence of 200 and $150{\mu}M$ of RT and MT, respectively. The sensor showed the sensitivity of 0.58 and $0.78{\mu}A/cm^2/{\mu}M$ with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 1.5 and $0.96{\mu}M$, respectively for RT and MT.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.36C no.11
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1999

A new CMOS If Package design methodology is presented, analyzing the electrical characteristics of a package and its effects on the CMOS digital circuits. An analytical investigation of the package noise effects due to the simultaneous switching of the gates within a chip, i.e., simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is performed. Then not only are novel design formula to meet electrical constraints of the Package derived, but also package design methodology based on the formula is proposed. Further, in order to demonstrate the Proposed design methodology, the design results are compared with HSPICE (a general purpose circuit simulator) simulation for $0.3\mu\textrm{m}$-based CMOS circuits. According to the proposed design procedures, it is shown that the results have excellent agreements with those of HSPICE simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2002

The possibility of simultaneous analysis of 24 pesticides out of 30 residual pesticides which are subjected to test in the golf courses was examined. The utility of the simultaneous analysis of multi-residue pesticides was evaluated by recovery test through a standard addition method of pesticides in water, soil, and lawn grass. The experimental results of the recovery rates for individual pesticides are as follows : The number of pesticide of which average recovery was over 70% regardless of medium was 16 pesticides. These pesticides were composed of 8 organophosphorus pesticides(Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Diazinon, EPN, Fenitrothion, Phenthoate, Phosalone, and Toclofos-methyl). 4 organochlorinated pesticides(Daconil, Captan, Endosulfan, and Tetradifon), 2 pyrethroid pesticides(Fepropathrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin) and 2 other pesticides(Bromopropylate, Pendimethalin). On the other hand, in case of Dicofol, average recovery by medium was over 70% for water and lawn grass but was only 53.3% for soil. Therefore, the simultaneous analytical method applied in this experiment is not appropriate for analysis of Dicofol in soil. Furthermore, among 7 pesticides, 2 pesticides(Amitraz and Pyraclofos) showed that theirs average recovery rates deviated from criteria(70~130%) at almost all media, while 5 pesticides(Bensulide, Deltamethrin, Iprodione, Phosphamidon and Tralomethlin) were not detected from all media by selected GC detector(NPD or ECD).

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.51-73
• /
• 2020

The present paper investigates the simultaneous resonance behavior of spiral stiffened multilayer functionally graded (SSMFG) cylindrical shells with internal and external functionally graded stiffeners under the two-term large amplitude excitations. The structure is embedded within a generalized nonlinear viscoelastic foundation which is composed of a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation augmented by a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model with a nonlinear cubic stiffness. The cylindrical shell has three layers consist of ceramic, FGM, and metal. The exterior layer of the cylindrical shell is rich ceramic while the interior layer is rich metal and the functionally graded material layer is located between these layers. With regard to classical shells theory, von-Kármán equation, and Hook law, the relations of stress-strain are derived for shell and stiffeners. The spiral stiffeners of the cylindrical shell are modeled according to the smeared stiffener technique. According to the Galerkin method, the discretized motion equation is obtained. The simultaneous resonance is obtained using the multiple scales method. Finally, the influences of different material and geometrical parameters on the system resonances are investigated comprehensively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2010

A nonlinear story is generated through the interactivity with users using the interactive storytelling system. In a play or movie, audiences can watch one scene at a time, and in order to watch next scene, they should wait for the end of current scene. In the real world, however, various events can simultaneously happen at different places, and even those events performed by characters may dramatically affect the flow of the story. This paper suggests Constraint Based narrative structure to create such story, known as "Simultaneous Story Arcs", and "Multi Viewpoint" to simultaneously lead the direction of the stories in each place.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.13 no.5 s.58
• /
• pp.686-698
• /
• 2005

In this study, simultaneous mordanting method of dyeing in the Caesalpinia sappan dye liquor mixed with the rice straw ash solution was employed. The dyeing effects were compared and reviewed according to the changes of dyeing mechanisms of pre-mordanting and simultaneous mordanting using ash solutions. By the direct addition of the ash solution, the pH of the liquor was abruptly changed. In the case of maintaining the pH value of the ash solution at about 7 or 8, compared to the pre-mordanting, $a^{*}$ values increased and $b^{*}$ values decreased. As a result, it is highly desirable in terms of selective emphasis on the reddish hue. The color development, differentiated from that obtainable by the dyeing of chitosan pre-treated fabric, was obtained due to the effect of the water soluble chitosan component on the dyeing mechanism.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.1353-1362
• /
• 2003

This paper considers a simultaneous optimization problem of structure and control systems. The problem is generally formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for the design parameters of mechanical structure and controller. Therefore, it is not easy to obtain the global solutions for practical problems. In this paper, we parameterize all design parameters of the mechanical structure such that the parameters work in the control system as decentralized static output feedback gains. Using this parameterization, we have formulated a simultaneous optimization problem in which the design specification is defined by the Η$_2$and Η$\_$$\infty$/ norms of the closed loop transfer function. So as to lead to a convex problem we approximate the nonlinear terms of design parameters to the linear terms. Then, we propose a convex optimization method that is based on linear matrix inequality (LMI). Using this method, we can surely obtain suboptimal solution for the design specification. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2009

Objectives : In $CO_2$ laser surgery for supraglottic cancer, neck dissection is generally done in second stage. We investigated simultaneous neck dissection with primary resection could be available in laser supraglottic surgery. Material and Methods : We analyzed 13 patients with supraglottic cancer who were treated with transoral supraglottic laryngectomy and simultaneous neck dissection from 2001 to 2007. Tumor stage, extent of laser surgery, histological results, survival rate, local control rate, complications, and functional results were reviewed. Results : 5-year local control rate, survival rate and disease specific survival rate from the neck was 100%, 69.9%, 100% respectively. Tracheotomy was done in all 13 cases. One patient had a long tracheotomy indwelling (191 days). In the rest of 12 patients average decanulation time was 7.4 days(1-22 days). Nasogastric tube was inserted in 5 cases, and average oral intake was possible in 3.5 days(1-16 days). Average hospital days was 29.7 days. There was no serious complication associated with neck dissection. Conclusion : Simultaneous neck dissection with primary laser resection for supraglottic cancer is oncologic sound and can be performed without significant surgical morbidity.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2001

We present a case of a mixed papillary and follicular thyroid cancer in a 45-year-old female presented with palpable mass on anterior neck area for 1 week ago. Neck CT and ultrasonogram revealed small solid masses in the both lobes of the thyroid gland. Thyroid scintigraphy presents as a cold nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid gland and FNA cytology demonstrated papillary thyroid cancer. At the time of operation, small sized solid masses were detected in the both lobes, and no cervical lymph nodes enlargement along the mass. Biopsies of the both mass demonstrated papillary cancer on right lobe and follicular cancer on left lobe. Simultaneous papillary and follicular thyroid cancer is an extremely rare clinical entity. We experienced a case of simultaneous papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, so we report it with a review of some articles.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.80.2-80.2
• /
• 2011

The sudden decrease of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity observed by ground neutron monitor (NM) is called a Forbush decrease (FD) event. The intensity time profile of FD event looks like the geomagnetic storm visualized by geomagnetic storm index Dst. Oh et al. [2008] and Oh and Yi [2009] classified the FD events into two kinds by criteria of the overlapping simultaneity of main phase in universal time (UT). The FD event is defined simultaneous if the main phase parts observed by the stations distributed evenly around the Earth are overlapped in UT and non-simultaneous if ones are overlapped in each station's local time (LT). They suggested the occurrence mechanisms of two kind FD events related to the interplanetary magnetic structures such as the interplanetary shock (IP shock) and magnetic cloud. According to their model, the simultaneity of FD depends on the strength and propagation direction of interactive magnetic structures overtaking the Earth. Now the STEREO mission can visualize the emergence and propagation direction of the coronal mass ejection (CME) in 3-dimension in the heliosphere. Thus, it is possible to test the suggested mechanisms causing two different types of FD events. One simultaneous FD observed on February 17, 2011 may be caused by a CME heading directly toward the Earth observed on February 15, 2011 by the STEREO mission. The simultaneity of FD event is proved to be a useful analysis tool in figuring out the geo-effectiveness of solar events such as interplanetary CMEs and IP shocks.