• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2014

Objectives: To provide theoretical basis for the classification of medicinal moxibustion(藥灸劑) in Health Insurance Medical Benefit in Korea through investigating trend of judicial precedents on indirect moxibustion and usage of medicinal moxibustion in "Donguibogam". Methods: We analyzed statistical data of moxibustion from Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and National Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook. We investigated major judicial precedents on indirect moxibustion to find out some trend and we searched the usages of medicinal moxibustion in "ZhenJiuDaCheng" and "Donguibogam". Results: According to recent judicial precedents, indirect moxibustion with equipment is no loner regarded as Korean Medical Procedure. In composition of 'Oriental Health Treatment', amount for acupuncture has gradually decreased instead, amount for moxibustion has increased steadily for 5 years. Medicinal moxibustion(藥灸劑) is often used as a form of indirect medicinal moxibustion with moxa in "Donguibogam". Argyi Folium, Moschus, Natrii Chloridium, Radix Preparata, Realgar and Olibanum are most frequently used for medicinal moxibustion in "Donguibogam". Medicinal moxibustions are composed of simple prescription or herb-pair or multiple prescription in "Donguibogam". Conclusions: In Health Insurance Medical Benefit in Korea, under the division of moxibustion, direct medicinal moxibustion and indirect medicinal moxibustion should be classified in addition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2016

A large number of welded steel moment-resisting framed (SMRF) structures failed due to brittle fracture induced by ductile fracture at beam-to-column connections during 1994 Northridge earthquake and 1995 Kobe (Hyogoken-Nanbu) earthquake. Extensive research efforts have been devoted to clarifying the mechanism of the observed failures and corresponding countermeasures to ensure more ductile design of welded SMRF structures, while limited research on the failure analysis of the ductile cracking was conducted due to lack of computational capacity and proper theoretical models. As the first step to solve this complicated problem, this paper aims to establish a straightforward procedure to simulate ductile cracking of welded joints under monotonic tension. There are two difficulties in achieving the aim of this study, including measurement of true stress-true strain data and ductile fracture parameters of different subzones in a welded joint, such as weld deposit, heat affected zone and the boundary between the two. Butt joints are employed in this study for their simple configuration. Both experimental and numerical studies on two types of butt joints are conducted. The validity of the proposed procedure is proved by comparison between the experimental and numerical results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2014

EC3 provides several methodologies for the stability verification of members and frames. However, when dealing with the verification of non-uniform members in general, with tapered cross-section, irregular distribution of restraints, non-linear axis, castellated, etc., several difficulties are noted. Because there are yet no guidelines to overcome any of these issues, safety verification is conservative. In recent research from the authors of this paper, an Ayrton-Perry based procedure was proposed for the flexural buckling verification of web-tapered columns. However, in order to apply this procedure, Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA) of the tapered column must be performed for determination of the critical load. Because tapered members should lead to efficient structural solutions, it is therefore of major importance to provide simple and accurate formula for determination of the critical axial force of tapered columns. In this paper, firstly, the fourth order differential equation for non-uniform columns is derived. For the particular case of simply supported web-tapered columns subject to in-plane buckling, the Rayleigh-Ritz method is applied. Finally, and followed by a numerical parametric study, a formula for determination of the critical axial force of simply supported linearly web-tapered columns buckling in plane is proposed leading to differences up to 8% relatively to the LBA model.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.297-310
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• 2018

A simple and efficient numerical optimization approach for the lightweight optimal design of composite laminated beams is presented in this paper. The proposed procedure is a combination between the finite element method (FEM) and a global optimization algorithm developed recently, namely Jaya. In the present procedure, the advantages of FEM and Jaya are exploited, where FEM is used to analyze the behavior of beam, and Jaya is modified and applied to solve formed optimization problems. In the optimization problems, the objective aims to minimize the overall weight of beam; and fiber volume fractions, thicknesses and fiber orientation angles of layers are selected as design variables. The constraints include the restriction on the first fundamental frequency and the boundaries of design variables. Several numerical examples with different design scenarios are executed. The influence of the design variable types and the boundary conditions of beam on the optimal results is investigated. Moreover, the performance of Jaya is compared with that of the well-known methods, viz. differential evolution (DE), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The obtained results reveal that the proposed approach is efficient and provides better solutions than those acquired by the compared methods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.379-383
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• 2018

Septoplasty/septorhinoplasty is a common ear, nose and throat procedure offered for those patients with deviated septum who are suffering from nasal obstruction and functional or cosmetic problems. Although it is a basic and simple procedure, it could lead to catastrophic complications including major skull base injuries which result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We describe two different cases of traumatic CSF leaks following septoplasty/septorhinoplasty at two different sites. The first patient suffered a CSF leak following septoplasty and presented to Alexandria University Hospital. The leak was still active at presentation and identified as coming from a defect in the roof of the sphenoid sinus and was repaired surgically. The second patient presented 4 days after her cosmetic septorhinoplasty with a CSF leak and significant pneumocephalus. She was managed conservatively. Understanding the anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses and implementing proper surgical techniques are crucial in preventing intracranial complications when performing either septoplasty or septorhinoplasty. A good quality computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a valuable investigation to avoid major complications especially CSF leaks following either procedure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.876-881
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• 2004

Finite element model updating is an inverse problem to identify and correct uncertain modeling parameters that leads to better predictions of the dynamic behavior of a target structure. Unlike other inverse problems, the restrictions on selecting parameters all: very high since the updated model should maintains its physical meaning. That is, only the regions with modeling errors should be parameterized. And the variations of the parameters should be kept small while the updated results give acceptable correlations with experimental data. To avoid an ill-conditioned numerical problem, the number of parameters should be kept as small as possible. Thus it is very difficult to select an adequate set of updating parameters which meet all these requirements. In this paper, the importance of updating parameter selection is illustrated through a case study, and an automated procedure to guide the parameter selection is suggested based on simple observations. The effectiveness of the suggested procedure is tested with two example problems, ones is a simulated case study and the other is a real engineering structure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 2009

A high-speed spindle can be very sensitive to rotating mass unbalance which has harmful effect on many machine tools. Therefore, the balancing procedure to reduce vibration in rotating system is certainly needed for all high-speed spindles. So, balancing procedure was performed with a spindle-bearing system for CNC automatic lathe by using numerical procedure. The spindle is supported by the angular contact ball bearings and the motor rotor is fixed at the middle of spindle. The spindle-bearing system has been investigated using combined methodologies of finite elements and transfer matrices. The balancing was performed through influence coefficient method and the comparison was made by whirl responses between before balancing and after balancing. As a result, balancing of simple spindle model reduced whirl orbit magnitude in case of a completely assembled spindle model.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.156-164
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• 1995

P-${\Delta}$ analysis by use of the equivalent colurnn stiffness determined by Momcnt curvature-Thrust curves provides relatively precise analytical results for unbraced reinforced concrete columns, however it needs a complicated arialytical procedure. Equ~valent col~rnn stiffness equations are proposed for a simple analytical procedure which are ckterrnined by the Moment-Curvature Thrust curves of the practically useable sections. Thc proposed stiffness equations are appiled to P-${\Delta}$ analysis and rnornent magnifier method to compare with the selected test result. Use of the proposed stiffness equations may slrnplify the P-${\Delta}$ i.rialvtica1 procedure and improve the accuracy of moment magnifier niethod.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

A progressive failure analysis procedure for composite laminates is developed in here and in the companion paper. An anisotropic plastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composite material, is developed, which is simple and efficient to be implemented into computer program for a predictive analysis procedure of composites. In current development of the constitutive model, an incremental elastic-plastic constitutive model is adopted to represent progressively the nonlinear material behavior of composite materials until a material failure is predicted. An anisotropic initial yield criterion is established that includes the effects of different yield strengths in each material direction, and between tension and compression. Anisotropic work-hardening model and subsequent yield surface are developed to describe material behavior beyond the initial yield under the general loading condition. The current model is implemented into a computer code, which is Predictive Analysis for Composite Structures (PACS), and is presented in the companion paper. The accuracy and efficiency of the anisotropic plastic constitutive model are verified by solving a number of various fiber-reinforced composite laminates with and without geometric discontinuity. The comparisons of the numerical results to the experimental and other numerical results available in the literature indicate the validity and efficiency of the developed model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.433-436
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• 2010

Objective : Arachnoid cysts (ACs) can be cured by making the definite and wide communication between the cyst and arachnoid space using endoscopy, but often it is impossible only through the usual working-channel (intra-channel) procedures. We discuss and propose a more valuable endoscopic technique with the presentation of our series of cases. Methods : We treated 9 patients with cortical AC in various locations with extra-channel endoscopic techniques. The patients ranged in age from 3 years to 60 years (mean age, 37.2 yrs). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 26 months (mean follow-up duration, 17.2 months). All patients had large AC compressing the adjacent brain with clinical symptoms or signs. The authors performed extensive fenestration via single burr hole with the aid of endoscope. Being bypassed the rigid endoscope, through the space between the shaft of endoscope and guiding cannula (extra-channel method), fenestration procedures were done in the dry fields. Results : Eight (88.9%) patients had been treated successfully with endoscope. One patient required shunt procedure. Among the eight patients who were treated with endoscopic procedure, 6 patients (66.7%) showed cyst reduction, and two (22.2%) showed disappearance of cyst. Conclusion : We suggest that extra-channel method will be simple and easy to perform using more valuable instruments with wider working area, and may promise better results compared to the conventional intra-channel endoscopic procedures.