• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

The purpose of this article is to investigate the forms and styles of pond at private housing in terms of diachronically influencing characteristics in the Choson Dynasty. From various literatures and records, we have selected 73 cases of pond. We have analyzed the types of pond based on square type, squared type with islets, and modified types and found the following results: 1) Chronically, shapes of pond had been chanced from the three prototypes into their features of deducting side or edge, adding a triangular or trapezoid shape, and installing more islets, and replaced their figures with gradually progressive from side having a straight lined shape to a curved one. 2) As for characteristics of arranging ponds, we found three patterns of arrangement - the juxtaposition with a similar shape of pond, juxtaposition with a different shape of pond, and the juxtaposition with a pond having different topological level in the light of the relation with a stream and a pond. We can conclude the two changed patterns of ponds at private residence in Choson Dynasty that the one had been transformed shapes of pond with sides of pond, and the others had been transformed juxtaposition with either a stream or a natural stream. From this research we can find an important implications in understanding patterns and types of garden in the Choson Dynasty from exploratory approach and in the future the relationship between topographical characteristics of private residence and Confucian ideas, and shapes of pond is needed to be examined in explanatory manner.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1977

Effect of sodium restriction with or without potassium supplement and furosemide diuresis on plasma aldosterone response to mild hemorrhage were studied in normotensive young volunteers. After an overnight fast, blood were drawn just before and 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 120 minutes after the $^3H$-aldosterone injection. The sum of blood delivered reached over 100ml(during two hours). Plasma aldosterone and renin were measured by means of radioimmunoassay. The results were as followed; 1. Hemorrhage resulted in a moderate increase in plasma aldosterone level of volunteers with normal diet. 2. The mean figures of plasma aldosterone in subjects with sodium restriction and diuresis were likewise significantly increased by hemorrhage, however, the figure of the subjects with potassium supplement who already shown higher plasma level was without effect on hemorrhage. 3. Hemorrhage produced slight decrease in serum sodium concentration in every experimental conditions, although the changes were not significant. 4. Plasma renin activities after the hemorrhage followed a similar pattern with that of aldosterone, increased during sodium restriction or diuresis and unaffected during potassium supplement.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.153-176
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• 2015

Poet, painter and publisher, Roland $Gigu{\grave{e}}re$ is one of Quebec's outstanding figures, inspired by both Surrealism and Quebec nationalism. He participated in contemporary artistic movement 'Phases' and influenced collective self-awareness and political ferment, 'Quiet Revolution'. In La Main au feu(1973), his poetry represent a landscape dominated by darkness in contrast with red color of fire from the volcanic crater. The world is immersed in darkness of despair which allude to the Great Darkness of Quebec society. Acts of violence assume many different forms: crows, black rain, dark flow, frenzy of knife blows. Both things and humans are in the state of absence or lack. Life falls into opacity of death. In the background of dark landscape, we discover Miror, a singular character. Similar to chain of mountains and to bare forest, he is a creature that shape the tragic inner world of poet. He is as like as seismograph that record the tremble of being. Finally, in order to fight the darkness of environment, the poet attempt to use the power of fire of volcanoes. The flow of magma become paintings of his dream and the flame of eruption, poetry of cry toward the sky. 'La main au feu' means the will to resist injustice and repression in the world. The tragic reality is replaced by a dream that become second reality out of reach of the force of hostile external circumstances.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

As South Korea faces a general decline in population, similar to other regions, its rural areas are also experiencing a downward trend. This study examines how the scale and shifts in population within rural towns(eup·myeon) are affecting the number of essential services such as hospitals, laundry shops, and beauty salons. Our analysis encompassed the populations of 1,403 towns, excluding nine areas due to lack of data as of 2020. Since the availability of basic services can vary with population size, we normalized the figures to reflect the number of services per 10,000 people, allowing for a comparative analysis across different population sizes. Generally, areas with more people showed an increase in the number of services per capita. Our review of changes from 2000 to 2020 revealed patterns in how service numbers adjust with population variations. Future research should delve into more detailed trends of these facilities and forecast the rural population's future to ensure that residents in areas where service sustainability may be challenging will have full access to necessary services.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.306-318
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of nurses. A total of 291 nurses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in the study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes was examined using one-day 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows : 67.7 percent of the subjects were nurses, 32.3% were nursing assistants. Average age of the subjects was 26.9 years old, average nursing experience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from junior college. The rates of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar, and 91.5% of subjects worked on a three-shift a day schedule. The average nutrition knowledge score was 14.3 $\pm$ 2.5 out of a possible 20 points. Most of the nurses had experienced dietary problems such as skipping meals and overeating. Sixty-eight point three percent of the nurses had breakfast less than 3 times a week, and the main reason for skipping meals was a lack of time. Most of the nurses (74.1%) didn't exercise regularly. The average score on dietary habits was 55.6 out of 100, and most of the subjects belonged to the‘fair’group in terms of dietary habits. Married nurses, and those over 31 years of age, scored significantly higher on dietary habits than unmarried nurses, and those under 25 years of age (p < 0.001), and the scores significantly increased with increasing age. Mean daily carbohydrate and fat intake was 231.5 $\pm$ 66.1 g, 41.1 $\pm$ 18.8 g, and cholesterol and crude fiber intake was 238.2 $\pm$ 184.6 mg, 5.2 $\pm$ 2.0 g. respectively. Compared with the recommended allowances, the energy (1560.0 $\pm$ 448.5 kcal), calcium (453.8 $\pm$ 222.3 mg) iron (10.6 $\pm$ 7.6 mg), vitamin A (658.5 $\pm$ 538.1 R.E) and vitamin B$_2$ (0.96 $\pm$ 0.5 mg) figures were below the Korean RDA, and the protein (65.9 $\pm$ 31.0 g), vitamin B, (1.14 $\pm$ 0.5 mg), vitamin C (143.2 $\pm$ 119.6 mg), niacin (14.4 $\pm$ 6.3 mg) and phosphorus (958.1 $\pm$ 352.1 mg) figures were above the Korean RDA. The average carbohydrate, protein, fat ratio of energy intake was 60：17：23. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1：2. The dietary habits had a positive correlation (p < 0.001) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C. Therefore, In order to improve overall dietary behavior and nutritional status, systematic nutrition education programs should be developed.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2005

This study was investigated so that reliability of disease mechanism diagnosis would be examined, the estimation about disease mechanism item of Questionnaires and the relations of disease mechanism would be inquired about 'health diagnosis program' Questionnaires which were used for the object diagnosis of Oriental medicine in the department of Oriental OB&GY, Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University. We analyzed the results of Questionnaires for 3354 outpatients who had OB & GY disease in the Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University from April 2000 to March 2004. The diagnosis Questionnaires(after DSOM (r) S.1.1) was the figures 188, the health diagnosis Questionnaires (after DSOM (r) S.1.1) was the figures 137. phiegm deficiency of qi was used in DSOM (r) R.1.1 as it is. The reliability of DSOM (r) S.1.1 was usually higher than DSOM (r) R.1.1 in deficiency of qi blood stasis insufficiency of Yang heat syndrom damp, 5 case disease mechanism. The reliability of DSOM (r) S.1.1 was usually lower than DSOM (r) R.1.1 in blood deficiency stagnation of qi coldness damp dryness liver heart spleen kidney, 8 case disease mechanism. but the great difference wasn't seen, therefore both DSOM (r) S.1.1 and DSOM (r) R.1.1 had similar result. A meeting point both DSOM (r) S.1.1 and DSOM (r) R.1.1 was above 90% in liver spleen blood stasis blood deficiency, 4 case disease mechanism with the exception of phlegm deficiency of Yim nothing of fluctuations of question. A meeting point of coldness that was 82.47% was lowest, A meeting point of the rest disease mechanism was above 85%. The effect that contributed in producing disease mechanism result and in which pure question was over relevance calculation 0.9, insufficiency of Yang damp phlegm that contributed in producing disease mechanism result was lower comparatively in DSOM (r) R.1.1. But the effect that contributed in producing disease mechanism result and in which pure question was over relevance calculation 0.9 except spleen kidney phlegm in DSOM (r) S.1.1

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of residents in industrial areas and factors affecting exposure to the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs : Benzene, Toluene, Xylene) as well as to assess exposure levels according to house-type, and whether residents were indoors or outdoors. This research was designed to assess the differences in exposure levels to indoor, outdoor and personal VOCs in a case group and a control group across all areas, as well as in each different area, from May to October 2007, in. 110 residents of the G, Y and H industrial areas of the Jun-nam province. The geometric mea-levels of airborne benzene for the case group 1.31part per billion(ppb) indoor, 1.29 ppb outdoor, and 1.32 ppb for personal exposure were significantly higher than for the control group 0.99, 0.87 and 0.57 ppb, respectively. The geometric mean level for toluene personal exposure across the G, Y and H areas was 5.70 ppb for the case group and 6.31 ppb for the control group. While the outdoor level was 4.27 ppb for the case group and 5.06 ppb for the control group, The indoor level for the case group was 4.78 ppb, similar to that of the control group 4.69 ppb. The geometric mean levels for airborne xylene across the G, Y and H areas were 0.16 ppb(outdoor), 0.12 ppb(personal exposure) and 0.10 ppb(indoor) for the case group, and for the control group were 0.17(personal exposure) and 0.09 ppb(indoor and outdoor). The indoor/outdoor(I/O) ratio for case group is 1.19, while that of the control group is 1.15, indicating that the indoor level was higher than the outdoor level. The interrelationship differences among the three different types of levels in the air in the G, Y and H areas are statistically significant, except for the difference between the indoor and outdoor figures for xylene. In terms of the different types of houses and energy type uesd, the geometric mean level for airborne benzene, toluene and xylene for houses were 1.61, 5.39 and 0.12 ppb, respectively. while the figures for flats were 0.67, 3.32 and 0.05 ppb, respectively. Outdoors, the levels of benzene and toluene in flats were 0.71 and 2.62 ppb, respectively. and 1.58 and 5.35 ppb in houses. For personal exposure, the house levels of benzene, toluene and xylene were all higher than for flats. Houses using oil for heating have significantly higher levels than flats, which use gas for heating.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.618-629
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• 2023

우리 사회는 다양성이 점차 커져가고 있으나 초등 과학 교과서를 인종이나 장애의 측면에 분석한 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화의 다양성을 다문화와 장애의 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 2015 개정 교육과정 검정 초등 과학 교과서 중 3학년 1, 2학기 교과서 7종 총 14책이었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화의 인종을 분석한 결과, 3학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 인물 삽화 중 다문화 인물 삽화는 8.2%로 실제 국내 거주 외국인 비율보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 인종별로는 백인 삽화가 가장 많고 아시아계 외국인 삽화가 가장 적어, 아시아계 외국인이 많은 우리나라 상황과는 다른 분포로 제시되고 있었다. 출판사별로는 이 분포에 상당한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 다문화 인물 삽화의 성별 분포는 남성이 59.0%, 여성이 41.0%로 차이가 있었으며, 일부 출판사는 남성 다문화 인물이 80%에 이르는 등 출판사에 따라 성별 편차가 상당히 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 삽화의 기능 측면에서 한국인과 다문화 인물 삽화의 분포는 설명적 기능의 삽화가 가장 많고, 다음으로 예시적 삽화, 장식적 삽화, 보충적 기능의 삽화 순으로 유사하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 초등 과학 교과서의 인물 삽화를 장애 다양성 측면에서 분석한 결과, 장애인의 비율은 2.0%로, 국내 장애인 비율보다 적은 비율이었다. 인종과 장애의 측면에서 우리나라의 상황과 다양성을 고려할 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1986

본 연구는 단관백백레그혼순계 염색체의 형태적 특징과 크기를 명확히 구명하기 위하여 중심입지수, 등 완비 및 상대적 길이를 측정하여 이용하고 이들의 염색체 수를 밝혔다. 시험재료로서는 서울대학교 부속목장에서 사육중인 단관백색레그혼순계 암컷 20수와 수컷 5수를 공시하고 이들을 수정시켜 50개의 수정란에 대하여 염색체 분석을 하였다. 분석방법으로서는 중기상의 포착을 위하여 colchicine을 이용하고, hypotonic, fixation, air-drying 처리를 하여 나타난 초기 metaphase상으로서 핵형분석하였다. 시험 결과 분석된 각 염색체의 형태적 특징은 다음과 같다. 1. 1,2심 염색체 : meta 및 submetacentric으로서 이들 둘 간에는 크기에 따라 명확히 구분된다. 2. 3,4심 염색체 : 길이는 서로 비슷하나, 4심 염색체에서는 짧은 단완이 나타나고, 3심은 acrocentric 형태이다. 3. 5심 염색체 : 성염색체(Z)로서 metacentric 형태이다. W 염색체 역시 metacentric 이지만 7-8심 염색체 크기 정도이다. 4. 6심 염색체 : 3심과 같이 acro 형체이나 3심 염색체 크기의 반정도이다. 5. 7,8심 염색체 : 6심 크기의 반정도로서 길이는 서로 비슷하나 7심은 짧은 단완을 가지고, 8심은 acrocentric 염색체이다. 6. 9심 염색체 : 7심과 8심의 크기와 비슷하나 metacentric 양상이다. 7. 나머지 30쌍의 소형염색체 : 점의 형태로서 대부분 acrocentric 형태이다. 이 밖에도 염색체의 수에 있어서 관찰된 sample의 58%가 78개로 나타났고, 나머지는 72-77개로 나타남에 따라 이의 염색체 수는 최소 78개로 사료된다.