• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.279-285
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• 2020

Purpose :This study intends to test the effects of Problem-based learning on critical thinking disposition, academic self-efficacy and self-leadership for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A one group pre-post design was applied to four diagnostic test and nursing for 4 times(eight hours) of 26 nursing students. Data were collected between August 29 and December 10, 2019. Data were analyzed by frequencies, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paried t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: Problem-based learning was significantly increasing critical thinking disposition(t=-2.16, p=.041) and Academic self-efficacy(z=-2.36, p=.018), but self-efficacy(t=-.16, p=.875) was no significantly. Conclusion: Based on this study, it is suggested that nursing students should develop their core competency by applying problem-based learning to various subject

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mechanical traction applied to the knee joint on pain, knee range of motion (ROM), timed up and go (TUG) and Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of Kellgren-Lawrence radiological rating scale II or III. Twenty three patients participated in the experiment for a period of four weeks. After baseline assessment, the patients with KOA were randomized into two groups: the traction group ($n_1=12$), which received traction with general physical therapy; and the control group ($n_2=11$), which received general physical therapy only on unilateral knee joints. Patients received interventions once a day, three times a week, for four weeks. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the change of dependent variances within the group during pre and post intervention. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the change of dependent variances as TUG and passive ROM between the two groups. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the change of dependent variances as numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and WOMAC score between the two groups. In Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the traction group improved significantly with regard to NPRS (p<.01), passive knee flexion ROM (p<.01), passive knee extension (p<.05), TUG (p<.01) and WOMAC scores (p<.01) after intervention for four weeks, but not for the control group. In the Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of covariance, no significant difference was seen among all the dependent variances after intervention for four weeks between the two groups. These outcomes suggest that further studies should be carried out to determine the effects of mechanical traction prior to using it for the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.705-713
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of virtual reality simulation education and intend to present basic data that enables virtual reality simulation education to be used as practical education. Data were collected from April 26 to June 4, 2021 and analyzed by paired t-test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, Spearman's correlation coefficient using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results of this study showed that critical thinking disposition, clinical competency, practice satisfaction was improved after virtual reality simulation education. And there were a positive correlation with each other. Virtual reality simulation education is considered a very effective teaching method for nursing students. It is necessary to develop and apply more diverse and systematic scenarios and practice programs in future research.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

We analyze the effects and related factors of Smart Factory adoption. 110 and 325 samples were collected by median-size-industry matching method, respectively, of adopting and non-adopting companies. We use financial statement data (ROA, etc.) from the year before adoption to the fourth year after adoption. Abnormal operating performance and annual abnormal changes are obtained according to event study method, and analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test. ROA and sales growth rate demonstrate short-term effects after adoption, but not long-term effects. As a result of regression analysis to examine if the three factors of labor intensity, R&D intensity, and prior financial performance have moderating effect, the moderating effect of R&D intensity and prior financial performance is confirmed. In addition, we perform regression analysis to confirm performance effects of early and late adoptions and whether prior financial performance and organization size have moderating effect. It is confirmed that the later the time of adoption, the greater the effect of adoption in the long term and the moderating effect of prior financial performance and organization size is confirmed.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.62-71
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• 2024

This study conducted a team-based CPR simulation with 32 fourth-year emergency rescue students to determine the effectiveness of training feedback using body cameras used at emergency rescue sites, and measured awareness, training feedback effectiveness, and satisfactio+n before and after body camera feedback. , preferences and difficulties in using body camera devices were identified. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 program, including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, paried t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. As a result of the study, the perception of body camera use showed a positive change from 3.73±0.62 points to 4.45±0.54 points, and a positive satisfaction level of 3.98±0.51 was shown (p<.001). Additionally, there was a significant increase in self-check accuracy and performance score after body camera feedback (p<.001). Therefore, during team-based simulation resuscitation training, positive feedback effects in improving self-inspection ability and performance can be achieved by watching body camera videos and using self-checklists without direct feedback from the instructor.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.18-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to show the empirical measurement way for predicting the seaport efficiency by using Super SBM(Slack-based Measure) with Wilcoxson signed-rank test under CRS(constant returns to scale) condition for 20 Korean ports during 11 years(1997-2007) for 3 inputs(port investment amount, birthing capacity, and cargo handling capacity) and 5 outputs(Export and Import Quantity, Number of Ship Calls, Port Revenue, Customer Satisfaction Point for Port Service and Container Cargo Throughput). The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, Super SBM model has well reflected the real data according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, because p values have exceeded the significance level. Second,Super-SBM has shown about 87% of predicting ratio for the ports efficiency and the optimal size of investment in domestic seaport. The policy implication to the Korean seaports and planner is that Korean seaports should introduce the new methods like Super-SBM method with Wilcoxon signed rank test for predicting the efficiency of port performance and the optimal size of investment as indicated by Panayides et al.(2009, pp.203-204).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify the changes in Grit and career anxiety among college students by conducting a Grit improvement career group counseling program. The subjects of the study were 24 four-year college students, and the group counseling program was conducted once a week from September, 28, 2021 to November 16, 2021, for a total of 8 sessions. Research tools consisted of Grit and career anxiety, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to secure the homogeneity of the experimental and control groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to verify the effectiveness before and after the program. As a result of this study, it was found that the subjects of the experimental group had higher grit and lowered career anxiety than the control group. Based on the research results, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1241-1251
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of aerobic and complex exercise on body composition and blood lipids in the middle-aged women. Sixteen women whose ages ranged in 40 to 50 years were included in the sample of the study. The sample was divided into two groups: (a) aerobic exercise group (n = 8) and (b) combined exercise training group (n = 8). The aerobic exercise program consisted of bicycle ergometer, stepper, and treadmill, whereas; the combined exercise program was designed to improve muscular strength and aerobic capacity. Both programs took place 4 times a week for 12 weeks with the gradual increase of intensity (HRmax 60% 75% and 1 RM 60% 80%). Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods for pre-post within group mean differences (Wilcoxon signed rank test) and for between group mean differences (Wilcoxon rank sum test). Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in BMI, body fat mass, and triglyceride within the sample of combined exercise; whereas, no significance existed in any variables within the aerobic exercise group. Results also revealed that statistical significance did exist in body fat mass between the combined and aerobic exercise group. These results implies that the combined exercise may be superior to aerobic only excercise for the body composition and blood lipid of the middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 1989

This paper is concerned with the development of a nonparametric procedure for the statistical inference about the nonlinear regression parameters. A confidence region and a hypothesis testing procedure based on a class of signed linear rank statistics are proposed and the asymptotic distributions of the test statistic both under the null hypothesis and under a sequence of local alternatives are investigated. Some desirable asymptotic properties including the asymptotic relative efficiency are discussed for various score functions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an empowerment program on nicotine dependency, temptation, self-esteem, and depression for adolescents who smoke. Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group, pre-post design. The participants were 49 adolescents who smoked. Twenty-six adolescents were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. The intervention was conducted twice a week for 6 weeks. Chi-square test, t-test, paired-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. Results: After program, scores for self-esteem (t=5.560, p=.014), were significantly higher and scores for depression (t=-2.111, p=.040) were significantly lower for adolescents in the experimental group compared to adolescents in the control group. Conclusion: The finding indicate that the empowerment group training program was effective in improving self-esteem, and decreasing depression and could be considered as a positive program for smoking cessation for adolescents who smoke.