• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2010

The work in this paper was motivated by [3], where Eschenbach and Li listed four 4 by 4 sign patterns, conjectured to be nilpotent sign patterns of nilpotence index at least 3. These sign patterns with no zero entries, called full sign patterns, are shown to be potentially nilpotent of nilpotence index 3. We also generalize these sign patterns of order 4 so that we provide classes of n by n sign patterns of nilpotence indices at least 3, if they are potentially nilpotent. Furthermore it is shown that if a full sign pattern A of order n has nilpotence index k with $2{\leq}k{\leq}n-1$, then sign pattern A has nilpotent realizations of nilpotence indices k, k + 1, $\ldots$, n. Hence, the four 4 by 4 sign patterns in [3, page 91] also allow nilpotent realizations of nilpotence index 4.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2007

This study suggests a new method for testing seasonal unit roots in a momentum threshold autoregressive (MTAR) process. This sign test is robust against heteroscedastic or heavy tailed errors and is invariant to monotone data transformation. The proposed test is a seasonal extension of the sign test of Park and Shin (2006). In the case of partial seasonal unit root in an MTAR model, a Monte-Carlo study shows that the proposed test has better power than the seasonal sign test developed for AR model.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제30권9C호
• /
• pp.849-853
• /
• 2005

많은 경우에 신호 검파기들은 관측량 그 자체보다는 관측량의 비선형 통계량을 쓴다. 부호 통계량은 이러한 비선형 통계량의 대표적 보기인데 관측량의 부호정보만을 가지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 관측량과 부호 통계량, 크기 통계량과 같은 비선형 통계량들 사이의 상관 계수를 얻어내고, 비선형 통계량들을 쓰는 검파기들의 점근적 성능을 분석한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.237-256
• /
• 2014

This paper reports findings from a written assessment which was designed to investigate Chinese primary school students' understanding of the equal sign and equation structure. The investigation included a sample of 110 Grade 3, 112 Grade 4, and 110 Grade 5 students from four schools in China. Significant differences were identified among the three grades and no gender differences were found. The majority of Grades 3 and 4 students were found to view the equal sign as a place indicator meaning "write the answer here" or "do something like computation", that is, holding an operational view of the equal sign. A part of Grade 5 students were found to be able to interpret the equal sign as meaning "the same as", that is, holding a relational view of the equal sign. In addition, even though it was difficult for Grade 3 students to recognize the underlying structure in arithmetic equation, quite a number of Grades 4 and 5 students were able to recognize the underlying structure on some tasks. Findings in this study suggest that Chinese primary school students demonstrate a relational understanding of the equal sign and a strong structural sense of equations in an earlier grade. Moreover, what found in the study support the argument that students' understanding of the equal sign is influenced by the context in which the equal sign is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 1994

Some extensions of the law of the iterated logarithm via self-normalization are obtained for seuences of sign-invariant random variables.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2004

The stationarity is one of the most important properties of a time series. We propose robust sign tests for seasonal autoregressive processes to determine whether or not a time series is stationary. The proposed tests are robust to the outliers and the heteroscedastic errors, and they have an exact binomial null distribution regardless of the period of seasonality and types of median adjustments. A Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the sign test is locally more powerful than the tests based on ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) for heavy-tailed and/or heteroscedastic error distributions.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국통계학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2003

The stationarity is one of the most important properties of a time series. We propose robust sign tests for seasonal autoregressive process to determine whether or not a time series is stationary. The tests have an exact binomial null distribution and are robust to the outliers and the heteroscedastic errors. Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the sign test is locally more powerful than the OLSE-based tests for heavy-tailed and/or heteroscedastic error distributions.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 1998

This paper proposes the two-sample comparison us-ing sign test based on ranked-set sample(RSS). We investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed test statistic and compare the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the proposed test statistic with re-spect to Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test statistic based on RSS and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test statistic based on the simple random sample(SRS).

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.305-308
• /
• 2012

스마트폰 사용자가 급증함에 따라 스마트폰을 중심으로 한 스마트 모바일 서비스 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 스마트 모바일 서비스를 제공하기 위해 필요한 가장 중요한 기술 중 하나는 지능적인 의미처리이다. 현재 의미처리를 위한 접근방법으로는 유사도 기반, 어댑터 기반, 정적 의미 관리 기반 및 동적 의미 관리 기반 접근방법이 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 접근 방법 중 MDR 기반의 의미처리 접근방법인 동적 의미 관리 기반을 이용한 응용서비스를 구현한다. Semantic Sign-up 응용서비스를 구현함으로써 동적 의미 관리의 장점을 명확히 보이고 사용자에게 편리성을 제공한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제29권9C호
• /
• pp.1235-1243
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 이중 모드로 동작하면서 기존의 Sign-Godard 알고리듬과 반경지향 알고리듬의 장점을 결합하는 새로운 자력 등화 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬은 Sign-Godard 알고리듬의 좋은 초기 수렴성과 반경지향 알고리듬의 수렴 후 작은 잔류오차 특성을 동시에 가진다. 국부 수렴 현상과 위상차는 고차 통계치를 이용하여 보정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 알고리듬은 기존의 알고리듬보다 빠른 수렴 속도와 더불어 수렴 후에 남아 있는 잔류 오차가 작은 좋은 특징을 보여 준다.