• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1777-1783
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• 2010

Plants generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism or when exposed to a variety of stress conditions, which can cause widespread damage to biological macromolecules. To protect themselves from oxidative stress, plant cells are equipped with a wide range of antioxidant proteins. However, the detailed reaction mechanisms of these are still unknown. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous thiol-containing antioxidants that reduce hydrogen peroxide with an N-terminal cysteine. The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. Recently identified small protein sulphiredoxin (Srx1), which is conserved in higher eukaryotes, reduces cysteine.sulphinic acid in yeast peroxiredoxin. Srx1 is highly induced by $H_2O_2$-treatment and the deletion of its gene causes decreased yeast tolerance to $H_2O_2$, which suggest its involvement in the metabolism of oxidants. Moreover, Srx1 is required for heat shock and oxidative stress induced functional, as well as conformational switch of yeast cytosolic peroxiredoxins. This change enhances protein stability and peroxidase activity, indicating that Srx1 plays a crucial role in peroxiredoxin stability and its regulation mechanism. Thus, the understanding of the molecular basis of Srx1 and its regulation is critical for revealing the mechanism of peroxiredoxin action. We postulate here that Srx1 is involved in dealing with oxidative stress via controlling peroxiredoxin recycling in Arabidopsis. This review article thus will be describing the functions of Prxs and Srx in Arabidopsis thaliana. There will be a special focus on the possible role of Srx1 in interacting with and reducing hyperoxidized Cys-sulphenic acid of Prxs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6855-6861
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• 2014

Background: Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a potential role of the $HSPA1B{\pm}1267A/G$ polymorphism in risk of developing cancer. However, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to summarize the possible association with cancer risk. Materials and Methods: We retrieved relevant articles from PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Studies were selected using specific criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess those associations. All analyses were performed using STATA software. Results: Fourteen case-control studies, including 1, 834 cancer cases and 2, 028 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that the G allele of HSPA1B gene ${\pm}1267A/G$ was significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in all genetic models (G vs A: OR=1.51, 95%CI 1.17-1.95, p=0.001; GG vs AA: OR=2.93, 95%CI 1.50-5.74, p=0.002; AG vs AA: OR=1.48, 95%CI 1.10-1.98, p=0.009; GG/AG vs AA: OR=1.69, 95%CI 1.22-2.33, p=0.001; GG vs AG/AA: OR=2.31, 95%CI 1.24-4.32, p=0.009). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, a significant association was identified in Caucasians (G vs A: OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.08-1.69, p=0.008; GG/AG vs AA: OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.09-1.70, p=0.007), but not in Asians. In the stratified analysis by cancer types, individuals with the G allele showed an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with carriers of the A allele (OR=2.40, 95%CI 1.47-3.91, p<0.001). Inversely, individuals with the GG genotype showed a decreased risk of gastric cancer compared with carriers of the AG/GG genotypes (GG vs AG/AA: OR=0.39, 95%CI 0.20-0.70, p=0.007). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests associations between the HSPA1B ${\pm}1267A/G$ polymorphism and risk of cancer. However, this association might be Caucasian-specific and the G allele of this polymorphism probably increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma while decreasing risk of gastric cancer. Further well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

Insects are known to live at wide range of temperature, but can not survive when they are exposed to over $40^{\circ}C$ or below supercooling point. The larvae of Helicoverpa assulta have been reared at high ($35^{\circ}C$), low (3 to $10^{\circ}C$), and room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$; control). To identify stress-related genes, the transcriptomes of fat body have been analyzed. Genes such as cuticular proteins, fatty acyl ${\Delta}9$ desaturase and glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase were up-regulated whereas chitin synthase, catalase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase were down-regulated at low temperature. Superoxide dismutase, metallothionein 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and trehalose transporter have been up-regulated at high temperature. In addition, expressions of heat shock protein and glutathione peroxidase were increased at high temperature, but decreased at low temperature. These temperature-specific expressed genes can be available as markers for climate change of insect pests.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

Some high frequency sounds alter physiological processes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. This study investigated the effect of ultrasound (${\geq}$ 20 kHz) on larval feeding, pupal development, and adult mating behavior of S. exigua. Ultrasound suppressed feeding behavior of fifth instar larvae, and 30 or 45 kHz treatment inhibited more than 50% of feeding activity. Larvae treated with ultrasound exhibited alterations in major nutrient compositions in the hemolymph plasma. Plasma protein levels decreased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. In contrast, sugar levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. Lipid levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency up to 30 kHz and then decreased at treatments > 30 kHz. Hemocytes, the fat body, and epidermis expressed three heat shock proteins and apolipophorin III. Ultrasound treatment markedly inhibited expression of some stress-related genes. Ultrasound treatment also inhibited S. exigua pupal development by extending the pupal developmental period and preventing adult emergence. Last, ultrasound treatment significantly inhibited adult mating behavior, which resulted in a significant decrease in female fecundity. These results show that ultrasound is a physiological stress to S. exigua.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

It is important to understand the potential human health implications of exposure to environmental chemicals that may act as hormonally active agents. It is necessary to have an understanding of how pharmaceutical and personal care products and other chemicals affect the ecosystem of our planet as well as human health. Endocrine disruption is defined as the ability of a chemical contaminating the workplace or the environment to interfere with homeostasis, development, reproduction, and/or behavior in a living organism or it's offspring. Certain classes of environmentally persistent chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and some pesticides can adversely effect the endocrine systems of aquatic life and terrestrial wildlife. Research continues to support the theory of endocrine disruption. However, endocrine disruption researches have been applied to proteomics poorly. Proteomics can be defined as the systematic analysis of proteins for their identity, quantity and function. It could increase the predictability of early drug development and identify non-invasive biomarkers of tonicity or efficacy. Proteome analysis is most commonly accomplished by the combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D/E) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) sr protein chip array and SELDI-TOF MS. Proteomics have an opportunity to play an important role in resolving the question of what role endocrine disruptors play in initiating human disease. Proteomics can also play an imfortant role in the evaluation of the risk assessment and use of risk management and risk communication tools required to address public health concerns related to notions of endocrine disruptors. Understanding the need for the proteomics and possessing knowledge of the developing biomakers used to abbess endocrine activity potential will he essential components relevant to the topic of endocrine disruptors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars show an impairment of growth and development in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold at the early seedling stage. The tolerance to heat stress in plants has been genetically modulated by the overexpression of heat shock transcription factor genes or proteins. In addition to a high temperature-tolerance that has also been altered by elevating levels of osmolytes, increasing levels of cell detoxification enzymes and through altering membrane fluidity. To examine the heat tolerance in transgenic rice plants, three OsOPT10 overexpressing lines were characterized through a physiological analysis, which examined factors such as the electrolyte leakage (EL), soluble sugar and proline contents. We further functionally characterized the OsOPT10 gene and found that heat induced the expression of OsOPT10 and P5CS gene related proline biosynthesis. It has been suggested that the expression of OsOPT10 led to elevated heat tolerance in transgenic lines.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.339-348
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• 2014

The transcriptomes of four ginseng accessions such as Cheonryang (Korean ginseng cultivar), Yunpoong (Korean ginseng cultivar), G03080 (breeding line of Korean ginseng), and P. quinquefolius (American ginseng) was characterized. As a result of sequencing, total lengths of the reads in each sample were 156.42 Mb (Cheonryang cultivar), 161.95 Mb (Yunpoong cultivar), 165.07 Mb (G03080 breeding line), and 166.48 Mb (P. quinquefolius). Using a BLAST search against the Phytozome databases with an arbitrary expectation value of 1E-10, over 20,000 unigenes were functionally annotated and classified using DAVID software, and were found in response to external stress in the G03080 breeding line, as well as in the Cheonryang cultivar, which was associated with the ion binding term. Finally, unigenes related to transmembrane transporter activity were observed in Cheonryang and P. quinquefolius, which involves controlling osmotic pressure and turgor pressure within the cell. The expression patterns were analyzed to identify dehydrin family genes that were abundantly detected in the Cheonryang cultivar and the G03080 breeding line. In addition, the Yunpoong cultivar and P. quinquefolius accession had higher expression of heat shock proteins expressed in Ricinus communis. These results will be a valuable resource for understanding the structure and function of the ginseng transcriptomes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2008

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is known as molecular chaperone, the fundamental protein participating in various processes, from nascent protein synthesis to protection of proteins during abiotic stresses and developmental programs. However, their biological functions in plants are not yet well known. Here, NtHSP70-1 (AY372069), HSP70 of Nicotiana tabacum induced by heat stress was investigated. To analyze the protective role of NtHSP70-1, transgenic tobacco plants, which constitutively overexpressed NtHSP70-1 as well as contained either the vector alone or having NtHSP70-1 in the antisense orientation, were constructed. The altered NtHSP70-1 levels in plants were confirmed by western blotting and transgenic sense lines exhibited tolerance to heat stress. Seedlings with the constitutively expressed NtHSP70-1 grew as green or healthy plants after heat stress. In contrast, transgenic vector or antisense lines exhibited yellowing of leaves or some delay in growth, which finally led to death. Evaluation of chlorophyll contents of heat-shocked transgenic tobacco seedlings indicated that NtHSP70-1 contributes to thermotolerance by preventing chlorophyll synthesis in plants.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2010

The aim of this work was to investigate the synergically bactericidal effects and cellular responses of tea polyphenols (TPP) and imipenem on imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Imipenem-resistant Ps. aeruginosa was isolated from patient in hospital. The bactericidal effects of TPP and imipenem were evaluated on the basis of its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The combined use of TPP and imipenem resulted in 16-fold and 8-fold reductions in the MICs of imipenem for the imipenem-susceptible and imipenem-resistant Ps. aeruginosa, respectively. The bactericidal effects of the imipenem and TPP against the Ps. aeruginosa was evaluated using the time-kill assay. The synergetic effects of the combinations of TPP and imipenem against Ps. aeruginosa were confirmed. Western blot using anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL monoclonal antibodies was performed to investigate the expression of stress shock proteins (SSPs) in imipenem-susceptible and imipenem-resistant strains exposed to TPP. The amount of SSPs were induced as the exposure time increased and decreased. The molecular weights of DnaK and GroEL were 70 kDa and 60 kDa, respectively. SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed that the amount of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increased or decreased in the strain treated to different concentrations and exposing periods of TPP. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of umblicated and wrinkled surfaces for cells treated with TPP or imipenem.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2023

The silkworm's dormancy and embryonic development are accomplished through the interaction of various genes. Analysis of the expression of several interacting genes can predict the embryonic stage of silkworms. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the expression level of genes at each stage during the embryonic development of dormant silkworm eggs and selected genes that can predict the hatching time. Jam123 and Jam124 silkworms were collected after egg laying, and the silkworm eggs were preserved using a double refrigeration method and expression analysis was performed for 23 genes during embryogenesis. There were 5 genes showing significant changes during embryogenesis: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (BmUGTs), heat shock protein hsp20.8 (BmHsp20.8), Cytochromes b5-like proteins (BmCytb5), Krüppel homolog 1 (BmKr-h1), and cuticular protein RR-1 motif 41 (BmCpr41). As a result of quantitative comparison of the expression levels of these 5 genes through real-time PCR, the BmUGTs gene showed a difference between Jam123 and Jam124, making it difficult to see it as an indicator for predicting hatching time. However, the BmHsp20.8 gene had a common expression decreased at the imminent hatching stage. In addition, it was confirmed that the expression level of the BmCytb5 gene decreased to the lowest level at the time of imminent hatching, and the expression of the BmKr-h gene was made only at the time of imminent hatching. The expression of the last BmCpr41 gene can be confirmed only at the time of imminent hatching, and it was confirmed that it shows a rapid increase right before hatching. Taken together, these results suggest that expression analysis of BmHsp20.8, BmCytb5, BmKr-h1, and BmCpr41 genes can determine the stage of embryogenesis, predict hatching time, which facilitate better management of silkworm eggs.