• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.719-727
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mixed and separate gender feeding on the growth performance and carcass traits of Korean native chickens (KNC) compared to white semi-broilers (WSB) and a commercial broiler (CB) from hatching to 35 days. Here, 240 chicks were used with eight birds per cage in a randomized design with six replicates per breed. For the KNC lines, three groups of males (KNC-M), mixed-gender birds (KNC-FM) and females (KNC-F) were used. The two-phase feeding program used here consisted of a starter phase (days 1 - 21: crude protein [CP] 20% and metabolizable energy [ME], 3,050 kcal·kg^-1) and a grower phase (days 22 - 35: CP 18%, 3,100 kcal·kg^-1) for a commercial broiler. The WSB and CB were fed the only starter commercial diet. Fresh water and feed were provided ad-libitum. The results revealed that the KNC group had a lower (p < 0.05) body weight (BW) from day 7 and day 35 compared to that of the CB. Furthermore, the KNC group showed a lower (p > 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) relative to that of the CB during the entire experimental period. No difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the shank length among the treatments. There were also no significant differences in the growth performance or carcass traits between the KNC-M and WSB groups or in the genders of the KNC group.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2018

상용 토종닭과 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 3종을 같은 조건 아래 12주령까지 사육한 후 생산성을 비교하여 신품종 종계의 시장출시 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 상용 토종닭, 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 3종을 시판되는 브로일러와 육질특성을 비교하였다. 생산성에서 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2C가 기존의 상용토종닭과 비교하여 수컷에서는 생산성이 뛰어났고, 암컷에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 균일도는 비슷하게 나타났다. 또한 사료요구율 및 폐사율이 낮게 나타나 전반적으로 우수하였다. 정강이의 길이는 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2C가 가장 길었으나, 생체중과 정강이 길이의 비율로 환산하면 가장 낮게 나타났다. 계육의 일반성분에서는 상용토종닭 및 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 간 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 브로일러와 비교할 때 가슴육에서 수분이 높고, 다리육에서 조단백질 함량이 높았다. 또한 pH는 브로일러, 상용토종닭, 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2C, 2D, 2A의 순으로 나타났다. 가슴육 내 핵산관련물질은 브로일러가 신품종 교배조합 토종닭에 비해 가슴육 내 AMP, inosine, hypoxanthine이 높았고 IMP는 낮았다. 교배조합 간에서는 IMP 함량이 상용토종닭, 2A, 2C, 2D 순으로 높음을 보였다. 다리육의 핵산물질 함량도 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2A 및 2C, 상용 토종닭, 2D의 순서로 IMP가 높게 나타났다. 가슴육의 지방산 조성은 상용토종닭과 신품종 교배조합 토종닭이 브로일러에 비해 아라키돈산(C20:4)과 다가불포화지방산(PUFA)이 높게 나타났으며, 올레인산(C18:1)과 불포화지방산 조성이 낮게 나타났다. 관능평가 결과, 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2C는 전체적으로 더 고소하고 쫄깃하며 기호도 평가 또한 뛰어났으며, 가슴육은 비린내가 덜 하고, 다리육은 기호도 평가에서 신품종 교배조합 토종닭뿐 아니라, 상용토종닭과 브로일러보다도 우수하여 신품종 교배조합 토종닭 2C의 시장 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop a new orthosis controlling ankle and knee joint motion during the gait cycle and to identify the effects of the newly designed orthosis on gait kinematics and tempospatial parameters, including coordination of the extremities in stroke patients. Fifteen individuals who had sustained a stroke, onset was 16 months, participated in this study. Before application of the measurement equipment the subjects were accustomed to walking on the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or stance control knee with knee flexion assisted-oil damper ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) for 5 minutes. Fifteen patients were investigated for 45 days with a 3-day interval between sessions. Measurements were walking in fifteen stroke with hemiparesis on the 3D motion analysis system. Comparison of AFO and SCKAFO are gait pattern. The difference between the AFO and SCKAFO conditions was significant in the gait velocity, step length of the right affected side, stance time of both legs, step-length asymmetry ratio, single-support-time asymmetry ratio, ${\phi}$-thigh angle and ${\phi}$-shank angle in the mid swing (p<.001). Using a SCKAFO in stroke patients has shown similar to normal walking speeds can be attained for walking efficiency and is therefore desirable. In this study, the support time of the affected leg with the SCKAFO was longer than with the AFO and the asymmetry ratio of single support time decreased by more than with the AFO. This indicates that the SCKAFO was effective for improving gait symmetry, single-support-time symmetry. This may be due to the decrease of gait asymmetry. Thus, the newly designed SCKAFO may be useful for promoting gait performance by improving the coordination of the extremity and decreasing gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate phenotypic characteristics, morphometric measurements, reproduction and production performances of Aseel chicken of Bangladesh. The dominant feather color of neck/hackles was red in both males (56.14%) and females (54.16%) while the sickle feather color was mostly black in both chickens (71.93% vs. 54.17%). The predominant saddle and breast feather colors were red (40.35%) and black (64.91%), respectively, in male whereas most frequent observed color was pale brown in female (58.33 and 50.0%, respectively). The predominant feather color of wing bow and wing bay was found black (68.42 and 80.70%, respectively) in male but only pale brown color was observed in females (62.5 and 54.17%, respectively) for these two characters. Different phenotypic measurements such as the average shank length and circumference were $12.79{\pm}0.13$ and $7.8{\pm}0.08$ cm, respectively, in male and $10.21{\pm}0.25$ and $5.81{\pm}0.21$ cm, respectively, in female. Keel length was $14.39{\pm}0.19$ cm in male and $10.79{\pm}0.23$ cm in female. The average adult live weight in male was measured $3749.12{\pm}83.44$ g while in female it was $2062.50{\pm}105.26$ g. The age of 1st lay was found to be 28.86 weeks. Total number of eggs laid per year ranged between 24~48, number of clutch/hen/year varied from 2 to 4 and number of eggs/clutch/hen was found to be 10~12. The average live weight of Aseel chicken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 17 weeks of age were recorded as $31.14{\pm}0.55$, $48.63{\pm}3.99$, $116.57{\pm}5.72$, $138.40{\pm}5.91$, $212.88{\pm}4.82$, $361.00{\pm}9.72$, $577.50{\pm}42.86$, $743.75{\pm}24.65$, $1086.00{\pm}26.02$, $1402.00{\pm}24.54$ and $1432.00{\pm}27.00$ g respectively. Finally, this phenotypic characterization as well as productive and reproductive performances of Aseel chicken will give the baseline information to researcher for further study and for planning any on-ward conservation and implement strategy.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect Tiger-step walking on the movement of the lower extremities during walking. Method: Twenty healthy male adults who had no experience of musculoskeletal injuries on lower extremities in the last six months (age: 26.85 ± 3.28 yrs, height: 174.6 ± 3.72 cm, weight: 73.65 ± 7.48 kg) participated in this study. In this study, 7-segments whole-body model (pelvis, both side of thigh, shank and foot) was used and 29 reflective markers and cluster were attached to the body to identify the segments during the gait. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 7 channeled EMG was performed to find the effect of tigerstep on uphill walking. To verify the tigerstep effect, a one-way ANOVA with a repeated measure was used and the statistical significance level was set at α=.05. Results: Firstly, Both Tiger-steps showed a significant increase in stance time and stride length compared with normal walking (p<.05), while both Tiger-steps shown significantly reduced cadence compared to normal walking (p<.05). Secondly, both Tiger-steps revealed significantly increased in hip and ankle joint range of motion compared with normal walking at all planes (p<.05). On the other hand, both Tiger-steps showed significantly increased knee joint range of motion compared with normal walking at the frontal and transverse planes (p<.05). Lastly, Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior of both tiger-step revealed significantly increased muscle activation compared with normal walking in gait cycle and stance phase (p<.05). On the other hand, in swing phase, the muscle activity of the vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior of both tiger-step significantly increased compared with those of normal walking (p <.05). Conclusion: As a result of this study, Tiger step revealed increased in 3d range of motion of lower extremity joints as well as the muscle activities associated with range of motion. These findings were evaluated as an increase in stride length, which is essential for efficient walking. Therefore, the finding of this study prove the effectiveness of the tiger step when walking uphill, and it is thought that it will help develop a more efficient tiger step in the future, which has not been scientifically proven.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1489-1498
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism in olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3) gene, and association analysis with meat quality, carcass characteristics, retail meat cut, and fatty acid composition in sheep, and expression quantification of OLFML3 gene in phenotypically divergent sheep. Methods: A total of 328 rams at the age of 10 to 12 months with an average body weight of 26.13 kg were used. A novel polymorphism was identified using high-throughput sequencing in sheep and genotyping of OLFML3 polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among 328 rams, 100 rams representing various sheep genotypes were used for association study and proc general linear model was used to analyse association between genotypes and phenotypic traits. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for the expression analysis of OLFML3 mRNA in phenotypically divergent sheep population. Results: The findings revealed a novel polymorphism in the OLFML3 gene (g.90317673 C>T). The OLFML3 gene revealed three genotypes: CC, CT, and TT. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with meat quality traits such as tenderness and cooking loss; carcass characteristics such as carcass length; retail meat cut such as pelvic fat in leg, intramuscular fat in loin and tenderloin, muscle in flank and shank; fatty acids composition such as tridecanoic acid (C13:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), ginkgolic acid (C17:1), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), arachidic acid (C20:0), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), heneicosylic acid (C21:0), and nervonic acid (C24:1). The TT genotype was associated with higher level of meat quality, carcass characteristics, retail meat cut, and some fatty acids composition. However, the mRNA expression analysis was not different among genotypes. Conclusion: The OLFML3 gene could be a potential putative candidate for selecting higher quality sheep meat, carcass characteristics, retail meat cuts, and fatty acid composition in sheep.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spling. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005, Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's plug-gers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 20$0^{\circ}C$ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infrared thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR Temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it (p<0.001). 2. When the pluggerss were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3$\pm$10.5$^{\circ}C$ to 192.1$\pm$3.3$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6$\pm$5.$0^{\circ}C$ to 179.5$\pm$4.2$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5$\pm$3.$0^{\circ}C$ to 167.5$\pm$3.7$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7$\pm$2.5$^{\circ}C$ to 159.8$\pm$3.6$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9$\pm$2.$0^{\circ}C$ to 158.4$\pm$1.8$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature does not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommend, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1988

본 연구는 한국재래오골계의 품종보존과 육종개량을 위하여 주요 경제형질중의 하나인 산육능력을 규명하고자 천연기념물 265호로 지정된 연산오골계 총 300수를 공시하여 4주까지는 육계전기식료, 5주부터 16주까지는 육계후기사료로 사육하였다. 조사항목은 체중, 증가율, 가식부와 불가식부의 중량 및 비율, 흉부와 퇴경부의 체형 등이며, 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 재동오골계의 체중은 6주령부터 암수간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 수컷과 암컷의 기중은 8주령 $659.0{\pm}154.9$와 $588.3{\pm}68.0$g이었고, 10주령시 $938.1{\pm}72.6$, $810.1{\pm}104.4$g이었다. 암수의 평균체중은 8주령 $623.7{\pm}121.9$, 10주령 $874.1{\pm}109.4$g으로 나타났다. 2) 증체율은 암수간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 암수의 평균증체율은 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주, 8~10주에 각각 166%, 106%, 41% 그리고 40%로 나타났다. 3) 총가식부의 증가양상은 12주령까지 암수 모두에서 고도로 유의하게 증가하였고 성간에는 6주령부터 익부, 배부 퇴경부 및 총가식부의 중량은 8주와 10주령시 수컷은 $395.4{\pm}98.5$와 $597.54{\pm}7.25$이고 암컷은 $355.6{\pm}42.0$과 $518.7{\pm}69.7$g이었다. 암수 평균총가식부 중량은 8주와 10주령시 각각 $375{\pm}72.7$g이었고 체중에 대한 비율은 60~63%정도로 나타났다. 4) 가식내장의 체중에 대한 비율은 8주와 10주령시 암수간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 암수 평균은 4~6%정도로 나타났다. 5) 불가식부의 체중에 관한 비율은 주령이 경과함에 따라 점차 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 암수간에는 비슷한 비율을 나타내었다. 암수평균한 8주령시 비율은 혈액 4%, 우모 7%. 불가식내장 12% 그리고 총불가식부 31%를 차지하였다. 6) 흉부와 퇴경부 체형구성요소들에서는 흉각과 각경을 제외하고는 10주령까지 유의하게 증가하였고, 8주와 10주령시 암수간에는 흉위, 흉골장, 퇴경부 둘레 및 각경에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 7) 체중과 가식부중량에 대하여 체형구성요소중에 흉위와 퇴경부 둘레가 유의한 상관을 나타내었고, 체중구성요소중에는 가식부의 비율들이 체중에 밀접한 상관관계를 보였으며 특히 흉부와 퇴경부의 비율과 총가식부비율간에는 고도로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the actual temperature rise on the surface of Buchanan plugger using thermocouple. The heat carrier system 'System B Heatsource'(Model 1005, Analytic Technologies, Redmond, WA, USA) and the Buchanan pluggers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 200^{\circ}C on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. Five thermocouples were placed in direct contact with the surface of each size of Buchanan's pluggers at 1 mm increments from the tip to the 4 mm length of shank. The heat control spring was touched for 5 seconds. and the temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 1 sec intervals for more than 5 seconds with an accuracy of 0.01 using Data Logger. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. The position at which the temperature peaked was approximately at 1~2 mm far from the tip of Buchanan plugger (p<0.01). 2. The peak temperature was $215.25{\pm}2.28^{\circ}C$ in F plugger. $185.94{\pm}2.19^{\circ}C$ in FM plugger, $169.51{\pm}9.12^{\circ}C$ in M plugger, and 160.79{\pm}1.27^{\circ}C in ML plugger and the peak temperature was highest in F plugger and followed by. in descending order. FM plugger. M plugger. ML plugger showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.01). 3. The temperature on the plugger was decreased with the increase of touching time. This results suggest that the actual temperature on the surface of the pluggers does not correlate well with the temperature set on digital display. Heat concentrates around the tip. The larger plugger reveals lower temperature rise relatively.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-234
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• 1983

육용계(肉用鷄)에서 가식육량(可食肉量)을 효과적(效果的)으로 추정(推定)할 수 있는 방법(方法)을 구명(究明)코자 W. Cornish(CC) 종(種)과 S. C. W. Leghorn종(種) (LL) 그리고 이 두 순종(純種)의 상반교잡종(相反交雜種)(CL. LC)을 각각(各各) 60수(首)씩 계(計) 240수(首)를 공시(共試)하여 체중(體重) 및 체형(體型)의 구성요소(構成要素)들의 크기와 요소(要素)들 간(間)의 상관관계(相關關係), 그리고 가식육량(可食肉量) 추정결과(推定結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 8주령시(週齡時) 체중(體重)과 사료효율(飼料效率)은 W. Cornish 종(種)에서 각각(各各) 1,819g과 2.2%였고, S. C. W. Leghorn종(種)에 각각(各各) 668g과 3.3%로 정상발육치(正常發育直)였다. 2) 체중(體重)에 대(對)한 가식육량(可食肉量)의 비율(比率)은 W. Cornish 종(種)에서 6, 8 및 10주령(週齡)에 각각(各各) 34.7%, 36.8%, 37.5%였고 S. C. W. Leghorn 종(種)은 각각(各各) 30.7%, 30.5% 및 32.3%였으며, 잡종(雜種)들은 중간(中間) 값을 보이는데 각(各) 계종간(鷄種間) 차이(差異)는 유의성(有意性)이 인정 되었다. 3) 체중(體重)에 대(對)한 방혈량(放血量)의 비율(比率)은 계종간(鷄種間) 차이(差異)가 뚜렸하지 않으나 두부중량(頭部重量), 우모중량(羽毛重量) 그리고 불가식(不可食) 내장중량(內臟重量)의 비율(比率)은 각주령(各週齡) 공(共)히 W. Cornish 종(種)에서 유의적(有意的)으로 적고 각중(脚重)과 복강지방량(腹腔脂肪量)은 S. C. W. Leghorn 종(種)에서 유의적(有意的)으로 적어서 계종간차(鷄種間差)가 뚜렷하다. 한편 가식부위(可食部位)에서 흉부(胸部)와 퇴경부(腿脛部)는 각주령(各週齡) 공(共)히 C Cornish종(種)에서 유의적(有意的)으로 크며, 가식내장(可食內臟)은 S. C. W. Leghorn종(種)에서 유의적(有意的)으로 크고, 경부(頸部)와 익부(翼部) 및 배부(背部)는 주령(週齡)에 따라 계종간차이(鷄種間差異)가 일관성이 없다. 4) 조사(調査)된 체형구성요소(體型構成要素)들의 크기는 W. Cornish종(種)에서 각주령(各週齡) 공(共)히 유의적(有意的)으로 크고, 특(特)히 10주령(週齡)에서 잡종(雜種)들 간(間)에도 대부분(大部分) 유의차(有意差)가 인정되었다. 5) 흉각(胸角)을 제외(除外)하고 대부분(大部分)의 체형구성요소(體型構成要素)들이 가식육량(可食肉量)과 높은 상관도(相關度)를 보이고 있어 체위측정치(體位測定値)들로 가식육량(可食肉量)을 비교적(比較的) 정확히 추정(推定)할 수 있을 것으로 예측되었다. 6) 가식육량(可食肉量)을 체중(體重)에 의(依)해 추정(推定)할 때의 정확도(正確度)로서 체위측정치(體位測定値)들로 추정(推定)할 경우 10주령(週齡)에서 W. Cornish종(種) $Y=-1,475.581 +5.054X_{26}+3.080X_{24}+3.772X_{25}+14.321X_{35}+1.922X_{27}$였고 S. C. W. Leghorn종(種)은 $Y=-347.407+4.549X_{33}+3.003X_{31}$였으며 W. Cornish 종(種)을 부(父)로한 잡종(雜種)(CL)은 $Y=-1,616.793+4.430X_{24}+8.566X_{32}$, S. C. W. Leghorn종(種)을 부(父)로한 잡종(雜種)(LC)은 $Y=-603.938+2.142X_{24}+3.039X_{27}+3.289X_{33}$이었다. 위에서 설명변수(說明變數)들은 $X_{24}$=흉위(胸圍), $X_{25}$=흉폭(胸幅), $X_{26}$=흉장(胸長), $X_{27}$=흉골장(胸骨長), $X_{31}$=퇴경부(腿脛部) 둘레, $X_{32}$=경골장(頸骨長), $X_{33}$=각장(脚長), $X_{35}$=각경(脚徑)이다. 7) 이상(以上)의 결과를 종합(綜合)하여 볼때 가식육(可食肉)의 비율(比率)은 계종(鷄種)과 주령(週齡)에 따라 현저한 차이(差異)를 보이고 있고, 이들의 추정(推定)은 좀 복잡(複雜)하지만 체형측정치(體型測定値)들로서도 비교적(比較的) 정확(正確)히 추정(推定)할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.