• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

It is not easy to find a good soil condition due to the shortage of suitable land for construction work. The earth structure and buildings can be constructed over the soft soil. The soft soil must be treated either using the reinforcement element or dewatering. Most of land reclamation projects are being implemented along the south coast or west coast of the Korean Peninsula. The soils in these areas are covered with the soft marine clay, so soil and site improvement is the most important things to do. Pile foundation at the bottom of embankment can be constructed either in the soft ground or in the soil contaminated area. The purpose of this research is to develop "geogrid-reinforced piled embankment method" to prevent the differential settlement and increase the bearing capacity of soil. In this study, the effectiveness of the geogrid-reinforcement was studied by varying the space between piles and reinforcement conditions. Also, the geotechnical engineering properties of the embankment material and foundation soil were determined through the laboratory tests as well as the field tests. As a result, the site that the pile-spacing S = 3b with geogrid reinforcement is the most effective to reduce the differential settlement and increase load bearing capacity.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2009

The movement of in-situ walls has become very important as construction in large cities moves upward, instead of outward. Tall structures typically have deep excavations not on1y to provide extra space for parking, but also to reduce the potential settlement of the building. These large excavations require a robust bracing system to resist the lateral earth pressures as the depth increases. Methods to predict deflections of the retaining systems are of utmost importance because wall movements allow potentia1 settlement of adjacent structures. Case studies will be analyzed and measured waI1 def1ections will be compared with predictions from empirica1ly derived charts.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.338-342
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• 2008

Longitudinal deformation profile(LDP) has been obtained mostly by numerical analysis. In this study, LDP was plotted by measured data from horizontal inclinometer and crown settlement. Deformation of foe ahead was determined by comparing to the maximum deformation point and deformation of after excavation was determined by regression of the measured crown settlement data. The result shows that crown deformation began as f3r as 3D ahead of the face. Crown settlement at the face was 40% of ultimate deformation, which was 10% higher than numerical results, and the deformation converged after excavation of 4D.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 1998

The landscape of rural settlement incurred the loss and worsening of its main feature in the modernization which was progressed by the inner and outer cause - the growth of urbanization and improvement of living and dwelling environment. This study investigates the visual characteristic of land-use in rural and analyzes relations between visual quantities by land-use and a pre(essence of landscape. And it is suggested the basic data of a planning and a management in rural by making clear characteristics and influences of landscape preference elements The visual characteristic of landscape elements that is based on the rural land-use is classified harmony, variety, variables and particulate. And it is classified the object of landscape by recognizing images of landscape produce space, natural environment, settlement place and cultivated land of a special products. In the analysis of landscape preference, it appears that the harmony has a great influence on a suburban, a rural, a mountainous district, and a hamlet in psychology elements and the volume of forest area in visual elements. As a result, it requests rural scenes in harmony with the natural environment. So, the landscape planning which has the regional development and the identity as the rural settlement can be represented by the preservation and development of regional feature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2023

In this study, porous concrete with improved functionality was developed by using superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to provide rooting space for plants. The depth of settlement and mass change according to the substitution and addition rate of SAP were determined by investigating the functional performance of SAP and the volume change upon saturation. Test results indicated the depth of penetration settlement increased as the substitution rate of SAP increased, but the mass change could not be confirmed as the addition rate of SAP increased. The instability of the specimens due to the excessive volume change of SAP, as well as the osmotic pressure phenomenon according to the pH concentration, were identified as the cause. Therefore, future studies are needed to investigate the appropriate substitution and addition rate of SAP, as well as to reduce the osmotic pressure phenomenon according to the pH concentration, which would contribute to the improvement of the functional performance of vegetation concrete.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

As a circumstantial-existance character (the human character who takes action after grasping circumstances and fears things with reason) the Japanese were more interested in the active doctrines of Wang Yang-ming than other speculative studies. All of people were inhumanely incorporated into the rigorous class system under pressure in the samurai society. In the atmosphere of the society a natural phenomenon was understood as the ksana of change, and instead of the whole, the part was mainly described with emphasis on the reality. Therefore nature came near to the man after being reduced and then was symbolized in the Interior space. Also the classification of spaces, that is to say, the settlement of borders by the social position was shown in the great interior space like a labyrinth. As a self-existance character(the human style who carves out for and does not have a regard other's feeling), however, the Korean were much influenced by the Taoist Idea as they tried to be similar to nature in nature itself. Therefore the idea of Asaniskrota was in their origin. There was a tendency for space to be extended toward the outdoor in Korea, since the Korean people who are speculative and like to be natural tried to be close to nature. Therefore the division of spaces according to class and sexuality and the settlement of borders were already shown in outside by Che-Na-Num(Divided-Mass:Koren's own style). These are closely related with that houses were built after a village settle down in Korea while built before a village settle down in Japan. Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and (on of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own Identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word 'reduction' and the exterior-oriented character to 'extension' after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.60-67
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• 2003

The perceptual change and reproduction process of a space is distinguished from the difference between the Modem Times and the digitalized Post-modem Times. According to this changing aspect, the dwelling. concept is also progressed toward the escapeness from the regularly standardized settlement. But, as written above, the escapable dwelling behavior pattern is re-territorizated through new restriction and domination system. Among the newly re-territorized dwelling areas, the virtual space that included human being's equal in the contemporary meaning has already been on the surface in our daily life, it has been enlarging into all kinds of activity. The virtual space has the possibility to extend beyond a already well-used to physical space and time unlimitedly. But, owing to the ambiguous boundary between the real space and the virtual space, it is getting more important to define the spatial substance in the Digital Age. From now on, especially, the academical fields like a Architecture and a Interior Design that dealed with a living space have to give it a great shot. What I really want to say is that various approach about the space itself with the help of many sorts of so-called a Case Study could be a diversity & uniqueness out of a typical point of view about the study handling on space and time.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.343-364
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• 2012

To examine the locality of Busan is a precondition of examining documenting localities of Busan. What is the locality of Busan and how can I explore the locality of Busan? These are the research questions of this thesis. Memory is fundamental in making an identity. So local memory is fundamental in making locality. Understanding relations between memory and identity, the author explored the locality of Busan by analyzing memories of Busan. To analyze memories of Busan is to examine historical figures of Busan and Cultural Properties of Busan which are on the website of Busan metropolitan city. The results are as follows : According to the analysis of historical figures of Busan, there are no confucius scholars who came from Busan. However in the age of civilization, Busan has produced some talented people by way of receiving a modern education. According to the analysis of Cultural Properties of Busan, Jung-gu(中區) and Seo-gu(西區) and Yeongdo-gu(影島區) are the spaces of migration. Dongnae-gu(東萊區), Suyeong-gu(水營區) and Saha-gu(沙下區) and Gijang-gun(機張郡) are the spaces of settlement. Dong-gu(東區) has changed from a space of settlement into a space of migration with the opening of the Busan Port as a momentum in 1876.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1994.09a
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• pp.139-148
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• 1994

Rapid industrialization and urbanization caused by the high economic growth of the country requires optimization of land usage as well as the expansion of underground space. Therefore the construction of large and deep basements is inevitable in built up areas where the braced excavation for earth retaining structures may create many problems such as settlement and damages of nearby buildings and underground utilities. In this work, some of major influential factors concerning the stability of braced excavation are investigated and the results are compared with the field observation results. The ground water table, applied strut forces, horezontal wall displacement, infilling materials in the rock joints were found to be the most critical factors influencing the stability of braced walls constructed in the layered ground. Magnituide and type of the wall deformation was closely related to the pattern of the surface settlement. The stability of braced walls are described in terms of strut forces.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.128-131
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of Column Jet Method(CJM) as countermeasure against settlement and slope sliding of existing marine structure due to embankment load behind reclaimed revetment. CJM is to make high-strengthened body by compacting and grouting cement mortar after forming artificial space in the ground with ground relaxition machine or high pressure water jetting. Before the ground was reinforced by CJM, the result of slope stability analysis was not satisfy the allowable safe ratio, but after the ground was reinforced by CJM, the stability of slope was over the allowable safe ratio and stable, Therefor, the application of CJM to restraint settlement and sliding of marine structure was very satisfactory.