• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the readability of the 2015 revised elementary science textbooks at the vocabulary and sentence levels, and to provide an opportunity to use vocabulary and sentences with an appropriate level of readability for writing textbooks in the future. To do this, the readability of the 2015 revised elementary science textbook was analyzed and the vocabulary and sentence level the readability of sentences defining scientific terminology were analyzed. The results were then compared to the readability of previous curriculum textbooks. The results are as follows: first, the grade average of vocabulary remained at 1.5-2.1, with vocabulary appropriate to the elementary school level being used on average. However, grades 4 to 5 vocabulary are distributed at a relatively high rate. Second, the sentence-level analysis shows that the sentence lengths for the third and fifth grades were relatively long and the percentage of simple sentences was low. Third, compared to other curriculum textbooks, it was confirmed that the proper level of readability was maintained at the vocabulary level, but that the sentence lengths and the percentage of simple sentences could adversely affect the readability of third-grade science textbooks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 1981

This paper deals with the syntactic analysis algorithms of Korean sentence and system for machine translation. The parts of speech and constituients are syntactically analized at unified view-points and then an effective classification algorithm is proposed. The constituients which are applied an inverse movement transformation algorithm are processed with the concept of attribute. Syntactic analysis system is constructed to generate parsing table including the deep structure of sentence by lexicon proper to the combinational property of Korean and breadth-first searching method. The results obtained from the system program are shown as the parsing table of source sentences.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-200
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• 2006

The speech synthesis technology is widely used and its application area is also being broadened to an automatic response service, a learning system for handicapped person, etc. However, the sound quality of the speech synthesizer has not yet reached to the satisfactory level of users. To make a synthesized speech, the existing synthesizer generates rhythms only by the interval information such as space and comma or by several punctuation marks such as a question mark and an exclamation mark so that it is not easy to generate natural rhythms of people even though it is based on mass speech database. To make up for the problem, there is a way to select rhythms after processing language from a higher level information. This paper proposes a method for generating tags for controling rhythms by analyzing the meaning of sentence with speech situation information. We use the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) [4] which analyzes the meaning of sentence with speech situation information considering the sentence prior to the given one, the situation of a conversation, the relationship among people in the conversation, etc. In this study, we generate Semantic Speech Control Tag (SSCT) by the result of SFG's meaning analysis and the voice wave analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2718-2731
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• 2023

This paper presents a method of using syntax and shallow semantic analysis for Vietnamese question generation (QG). Specifically, our proposed technique concentrates on investigating both the syntactic and shallow semantic structure of each sentence. The main goal of our method is to generate questions from a single sentence. These generated questions are known as factoid questions which require short, fact-based answers. In general, syntax-based analysis is one of the most popular approaches within the QG field, but it requires linguistic expert knowledge as well as a deep understanding of syntax rules in the Vietnamese language. It is thus considered a high-cost and inefficient solution due to the requirement of significant human effort to achieve qualified syntax rules. To deal with this problem, we collected the syntax rules in Vietnamese from a Vietnamese language textbook. Moreover, we also used different natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze Vietnamese shallow syntax and semantics for the QG task. These techniques include: sentence segmentation, word segmentation, part of speech, chunking, dependency parsing, and named entity recognition. We used human evaluation to assess the credibility of our model, which means we manually generated questions from the corpus, and then compared them with the generated questions. The empirical evidence demonstrates that our proposed technique has significant performance, in which the generated questions are very similar to those which are created by humans.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 1991

Most of the PC users manipulate the computer by using a few commands which are familiar with them. However by using Hangul sentences instead of using DOS commands, the optimal commands can be generated and flexibility can be provided. For this purpose, the conversion method of the input sentence into DOS commands is studied by means of morphological analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis, and conceptual analysis. Tabular parsing is used in morphological analysis. case grammar is used in syntactic and semantic analysis. Case grammar is used in syntactic and semantic analysis. The meaning of sentence is represeented by the semantic network, from which we can generate a sequence DOS commands.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2008

Most of Korean sentences are complex sentences which consisted of main clause and embedded clause. These complex sentences have more than one predicate and this causes various syntactic ambiguities in syntactic analysis. These ambiguities are caused by phrase attachment problems which are occurred by the modifying scope of embedded clause. To resolve it, we decide the scope of embedded clause in the sentence and consider this clause as a unit of syntactic category. In this paper, we use sentence patterns information(SPI) and syntactic properties of Korean to decide a scope of embedded clause. First, we split the complex sentence into embedded clause and main clause by the method that embedded clause must have maximal arguments. This work is done by the SPI of the predicate in the embedded clause. And then, the role of this embedded clause is converted into a noun phrases or adverbial phrases in the main clause by the properties of Korean syntax. By this method, the structure of complex sentence is exchanged into a clause. And some phrases attachment problem, which is mainly caused by the modifying scope, is resolved easily. In this paper, we call this method clausal segmentation for embedded clause. By empirical results of parsing 1000 sentences, we found that our method decreases 88.32% of syntactic ambiguities compared to the method that doesn't use SPI and split the sentence with basic clauses.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate difficulties in using prosodic information to identify the meaning of ambiguous sentences in children with high functioning autism (HFA). Fifteen high functioning autistic children and fifteen children who matched their chronological age (CA) participated in this study. We compared the performance of the two groups by conducting syntactically and affectively ambiguous sentence comprehension (SASC and AASC) tasks. The results of this study show that in both tasks, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at each condition and the performance of high functioning autistic children was significantly lower. In a correlation analysis of major variables, children who matched CA showed a correlation between prosody-only (PO) and AASC, while children with HFA showed a correlation between PO and MO (morpheme-only). Children with HFA used grammatical morpheme information to understand general sentences. We found that the ability to use prosodic information in children with HFA is significantly lower than that of normally developed children. Considering the relevance of prosody to linguistic, non-linguistic and emotional aspects of communication, improving prosodic perception is thought to be a way to mediate deficits in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences in children with HFA.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 2014

This study sought to explore the types of predictable pattern books are suitable for reading aloud, the differences between English and translated Korean picture books in terms of their characteristics of speakability and the meaning of sentences. This study investigated a total of 112 picture books. The predictable pattern types were analyzed specifically, compared with onomatopoeia, mimetic words, repetition, rhyme, the shift of sentence and style types. The results indicated that predictable pattern books could be classified into eight types and the number of sentences in translated books increased owing to the difference of sentence structure. In terms of speakability, words in repetition, onomatopoeia and mimetic words represented higher frequency except rhyme because of the difference of characteristics of the two languages. Furthermore, translations used strategies of the shift in sentence and style types for speakability. These findings demonstrate that predictable pattern books can serve as good materials to read aloud for young children not only in terms of English picture books but also translated books regardless of concerns regarding their speakability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1046-1049
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• 1987

This paper proposes a Korean-Japanese Machine Translation System that processes unregistered words, modifiers and compound sentences. In mophological analysis, the unregistered words are processed by using unregistered word processing algorithm. The modifiers are processed by consulting noun-attributes and grammar rules. The compound sentence processing algorithm recognizes whether the sentence that includes commas is compound sentence or not. This system performs on IBM-PC/AT DOS using Prolog-1.

• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.87-105
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• 2001

This paper categorizes currently available theories of focus into two major types a 'discourse structure approach'(DSA) and a 'sentence structure approach'(SSA) The former DSA is intended to refer to a type of approach that analyzes focus only in terms of the discourse structure in which a focused sentence occurs. The alternative semantics approach which is the most widely available theory of focus belongs to this The latter SSA is meant to refer to a type of theory that analyzes focus in terms of sentence-internal structure, This study supports the SSA be revealing some empirical problems of the DSA that arise is analyzing two different kinds of focus, the A-accented focus and the B-accented focus (contrastive topic), and provides a brief sketch of a comprehensive analysis of focus and contrastive topic.