• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.227.4-227
• /
• 2005

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.310-328
• /
• 2022

Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as the most popular technique that facilitates enhancing humans' quality of life. However, most time sensitive IoT applications require quick response time. So, processing these IoT applications in cloud servers may not be effective. Therefore, fog computing has emerged as a promising solution that addresses the problem of managing large data bandwidth requirements of devices and quick response time. This technology has resulted in processing a large amount of data near the data source compared to the cloud. However, efficient management of computing resources involving balancing workload, allocating resources, provisioning resources, and scheduling tasks is one primary consideration for effective computing-based solutions, specifically for time-sensitive applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the source management strategies considering resource limitations, heterogeneity, unpredicted traffic in the fog computing environment. It presents recent developments in the resource management field of the fog computing environment. It also presents significant management issues such as resource allocation, resource provisioning, resource scheduling, task offloading, etc. Related studies are compared indifferent mentions to provide promising directions of future research by fellow researchers in the field.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.292-303
• /
• 2022

Background: Climate change significantly influences the geographical distribution of plant species worldwide. Selecting indicator species allows for better-informed and more effective ecosystem management in response to climate change. The Korean Peninsula is the northernmost distribution zone of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved (WTEB) species in Northeast Asia. Considering the ecological value of these species, we evaluated the current distribution range and future suitable habitat for 13 WTEB tree species designated as climate-sensitive biological indicator species. Results: Up-to-date and accurate WTEB species distribution maps were constructed using herbarium specimens and citizen science data from the Korea Biodiversity Observation Network. Current northern limits for several species have shifted to higher latitudes compared to previous records. For example, the northern latitude limit for Stauntonia hexaphylla is higher (37° 02' N, Deokjeokdo archipelago) than that reported previously (36° 13' N). The minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) is the major factor influencing species distribution. Under future climate change scenarios, suitable habitats are predicted to expand toward higher latitudes inland and along the western coastal areas. Conclusions: Our results support the suitability of WTEB trees as significant biological indicators of species' responses to warming. The findings also suggest the need for consistent monitoring of species distribution shifts. This study provides an important baseline dataset for future monitoring and management of indicator species' responses to changing climate conditions in South Korea.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.827-836
• /
• 2016

The rate of softening is an important factor to determine whether the failure occurs along localized shear band or in a more diffused manner. In this paper, strength loss and softening rate effect depending on sensitivity are investigated for weakly cemented clays, for both artificially cemented high plasticity San Francisco Bay Mud and low plasticity Yolo Loam. Destructuration and softening behavior for weakly cemented sensitive clays are demonstrated and discussed through multiple vane shear tests. Artificial sensitive clays are prepared in the laboratory for physical modeling or constitutive modeling using a small amount of cement (2 to 5%) with controlled initial water content and curing period. Through test results, shear band thickness is theoretically computed and the rate of softening is represented as a newly introduced parameter, ${\omega}_{80%}$. Consequently, it is found that the softening rate increases with sensitivity for weakly cemented sensitive clays. Increased softening rate represents faster strength loss to residual state and faster minimizing of shear band thickness. Uncemented clay has very low softening rate to 80% strength drop. Also, it is found that higher brittleness index ($I_b$) relatively shows faster softening rate. The result would be beneficial to study of physical modeling for sensitive clays in that artificially constructed high sensitivity (up to $S_t=23$) clay exhibits faster strain softening, which results in localized shear band failure once it is remolded.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2002

This study identified the physiological characteristics of Alnus firma seedlings collected from air polluted industrial complex of Yeosu area with inoculation of nitrogen-fixing nodule. A. firma individuals resistant or sensitive to air pollution stress at the study area were selected. Seeds of the individuals were sown in a pot and inoculated with the nodules collected at the same area about 3 weeks after germination. To compare the inoculation effects, photosynthesis was measured among the A. firma seedlings under 12 inoculation combinations of seed sources and nodule sources. Photosynthetic activities of seedlings from resistant mother trees were obviously higher than those from sensitive mother trees. In general, the seedlings inoculated with nodule of sensitive trees, showed a worse physiological trend on every combination. In this study, inoculation effect was less important factor than seed sources to photosynthetic activities of A. firma. This physiological characteristic seemed to be determined by seed sources rather than nodule sources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.94 no.3 s.160
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2005

This studies were conducted to compare ozone sensitivity among half-sib families of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). 90 families were exposed in walk-in type chambers to charcoal-filtered air and 100 ppb ozone for 8 hours daily, 5 consecutive months. We surveyed the foliar injury, Relative DRC (diameter at root collar) growth and relative dry weight after fumigation. After 5 months of exposure, foliar injury ranged from 1.9% at tolerant group to 15.2% at sensitive group. Relative DRC growth rates showed increased 12% at tolerant group, but reduced 23% at sensitive group. Total dry weight increased 17% at tolerant group, otherwise reduced by 33% at sensitive group, relative to the control. The root biomass showed more sensitive than the other part biomass. On the basis of the results of these screening studies, families Kangwon 04, 16, 26, 27 and 73 were determined to be tolerant; Kangwon 40, 52, 83, Gyeonggi 01 and Gyeongbuk 20 to be sensitive to ozone. Considerable genetic variation in ozone responses occurred, as shown by differences in sensitivities among families and among groups. These results indicate that tolerant groups of P. densiflora exhibited a high degree of resistance to ozone pollution injury.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.09b
• /
• pp.1179-1180
• /
• 2005

To immobilize the pollutants from wastewater in situ, two phosphatic clays collected from different areas in Egypt (eastern and western Sebaia, Aswan-Isna, Upper Egypt) used to remove contaminant ions from industrial wastewater. Obtained results confirmed the strong relationship between phosphatic clay and Pb elimination from wastewater. The sensitivity classification of phosphatic clay toward ions retained as described in three categories: highly sensitive to retain Pb , Al and Cr ; moderately sensitive for Mn; and weakly sensitive for Band Zn. Data suggested that large fraction of Pb removed by phosphatic clays stayed intact under a wide variation in extracting solution pH (3-11). In situ immobilization is considered a promising technique that has the potential to remove contaminant ions from wastewater. Two important factors need to be considered when applying this technique: The first, is the clay must be effective and selective under different composition of wastewater. The second, is the immobilized ions should be stable and non-leacheable under varying water conditions. Phosphatic clays with $Pb^{2+}$ were suitable to achieve these two factors. Possible mechanism for removal $Pb^{2+}$ by phosphatic clays is the formation of fluoropyromorphite through the dissolution of fluoro and hydroxyl apatite by its precipitation from solution, beside, Pb complexation at phosphatic clay surface at P-OH sites.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2004

The objective of this study was to control Kimchi fermentation using pH sensitive bacteriocin entrapping liposome(bacteriocin-liposome). The liposomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method from a mixture of DPPC(dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, DPPE(dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine), DOPC(dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine) and cholesterol in a molar ration of 4:2:1:4. The bacteriocin-liposome was disruptured at pH 4 of buffer and was stable at alkaline pHs(6 and 7). Irrespective of the addition of the bacteriocin-liposomes, the pH of every Kimchi sample decreased to 5 during 5 days storage at 5$^{\circ}C$. Kimchi samples treated with bacteriocin-liposomes maintained pH 4 or higher, while Kimchi samples not treated with bacteriocin-liposomes exhibited pH 3.58 or lower. In general, the pH of Kimchi samples stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ decreased faster, compared to that of Kimchi samples stored at 5$^{\circ}C$. The pH of Kimchi samples treated with the bacteriocin-liposomes was 3.9 during 90 days storage, while that of the samples not treated with the bacteriocin-liposomes was 3.68 and 3.32 during 30 days and 90 days storages, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi treated with the bacteriocin-liposome grew relatively slow at 5$^{\circ}C$. The viable cell number of lactic acid bacteria increased up to 4${\times}$10$\^$7/ cells/ml and then decreased to 8${\times}$10$\^$6/ cells/ml during 90 days storage at 5$^{\circ}C$.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.133-146
• /
• 2004

Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was simulated based on the default parameters and a priori soil parameter estimation method in Bocheong watershed of Korea. The performance of the model was tested against the measured daily runoff data for 5 years between 1993 and 1997. The sensitivity analysis of SWAT model parameters was conducted to identify the most sensitive model parameters affecting the model output. The results of SWAT simulation indicate that the overall performance of SWAT in calculating daily runoff is reasonably acceptable. However, there is a problem in estimating the low flow components of streamflow since the low flow components simulated by SWAT are significantly different from the measured low flow. The sensitivity analysis with SWAT points out that soil related parameters are the most sensitive parameters affecting surface and ground water balance components and groundwater flow related parameters exhibit negligible sensitivity.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.14-28
• /
• 1990

The objective of this study is to propose how to acquire through international cooperation the sensitive nuclear technology, so called reprocessing technology. In spite of the need to reuse spent fuel, the transfer of the sensitive technology has been tightly controlled by the nuclear advanced countries due to the fear of nuclear proliferation and, in fact, it would be impossible to secure it by the economic means. In this regard, as a means of acquiring the sensitive nuclear technology, this study proposes the following; 1) President's declaration concerning the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, 2) the establishment and maintenance of national basis through inter-ministerial cooperation, 3) as a confidence building measure, the efforts to strengthen our role in the international nuclear community, and 4) the establishment of the synthetic feedback system to efficiently coordinate. In line with those stated above, this study suggests that it be necessary to invest consistently for developing new technologies and cultivating human resources. Furthermore, this study proposes the necessity to resolve the problems lying ahead by the national consensus achieved through the discussions among the public concerning the sensitive nuclear technology.