• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.176-191
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the eccentric exercise induced delayed muscle soreness on proprioception, muscle strength, muscle fatigue, and muscle pain of the elbow flexor muscles. Thirty one healthy male subjects were participated in this study. Before resisted eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors and immediately and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-exercise, pain threshold, proprioception, tension tracking, initial median frequency, and fatigue index were measured. Pain pressure threshold and visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure muscle pain. Proprioception of the elbow joint was measured by using 3 dimension motion analysis system. Maximum isometric contraction was measured by using digital tensiometer. Electromyography and power spectrum analysis was used to measure initial median frequency (IMF) and fatigue index (FI). Immediately post-exercise, a significant decrease pain threshold was observed that continued to 5 days post-exercise. VAS score was significantly increased at 1 and 3 days post-exercise compared to that of immediately post-exercise. Maximum isometric contraction, IMF, tension tracking ability of the exercised elbow joint were significantly decreased at 1, 3, and 5 days post-exercise compared to that of pre-exercise. FI was significantly increased at 1 and 3 days post-exercise compared that of pre-exercise. Proprioception sense of exercised elbow joint was significantly decreased immediately and at 1, 3, and 5 days post-exercise compared to that of pre-exercise. Proprioception sense of the contralateral elbow joint was significantly decreased immediately post-exercise compared to that of pre-exercise. However, proprioception sense that was measured in close chain kinematic position was not significantly difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise. These results could be useful to determine the resume time for exercising and participating sports activities.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.164-177
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• 2009

The DIBR(depth image-based rendering) method gives the sense of depth to viewers by using one color image and corresponding depth image. At this time, the qualities of the generated left- and right-image depend on the baseline distance of the virtual cameras corresponding to the view of the generated left- and right-image. In this paper, we present a novel method for enhancing the sense of depth by adjusting baseline distance of virtual cameras. Geometric analysis shows that the sense of depth is better in accordance with the increasing disparity due to the reduction of the image distortion. However, the entailed image degradation is not considered. Experimental results show that there is maximum bound in the disparity increasement due to image degradation and the visual field. Since the image degradation is reduced for increasing that bound, we add a depth map preprocessing. Since the interactive service where the disparity and view position are controlled by viewers can also be provided, the proposed method can be applied to the mobile broadcasting system such as DMB as well as 3DTV system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a novel OTP unit bit of CMOS gate oxide antifuse using the standard CMOS process without additional process. The proposed OTP unit bit is composed of 3 transistors including an NMOS gate oxide antifuse and a sense amplifier of inverter type. The layout area of the proposed OTP unit bit is $22{\mu}m^2$ similar to a conventional OTP unit bit. The programming time of the proposed OTP unit bit is 3.6msec that is improved than that of the conventional OTP unit bit because it doesn't use high voltage blocking elements such as high voltage blocking switch transistor and resistor. And the OTP array with the proposed OTP unit bit doesn't need sense amplifier and bias generation circuit that are used in a conventional OTP array because sense amplifier of inverter type is included to the proposed OTP unit bit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.207-213
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• 2008

For decades, we have filled our theme parks, shopping malls, a streets and etc. with complementary or competing medias. These spaces have remedied newspapers, magazines, radio, TV and film or have been the object for remediation. Because there has been no remediation in traditional theatrical stage design, many problems come along with the design, which makes audiences hard to feel the sense of presence. It's time to have systematic research to find a way out for the solution of traditional theatrical stage design. This study suggests the solutions for remediation of traditional theatrical stage design, so we are going to research with laying emphasis on the cooperative works between the fields of theatrical stage design and the Visual Effects par that forms extensive and diverse portions. The proposal for remediation of traditional theatrical stage design with practical use of Visual Effects will create economical higher value-added through the systematization of close and cooperative work between the fields of Visual Effects and theatrical stage design. In addition, the systematization of the cooperation of these two parts will make another communicative paradigm that audiences have never been able to experience before in traditional theatrical stage design.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a scheme that tunes the backoff period for enhancing the system throughput with estimating the number of devices in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks. Since each device does not sense the channel always in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator is used to estimate the number of active devices. The PAN coordinator broadcasts an optimal backoff period for the estimated number of devices through a beacon frame. In order to estimate the number of devices in run time, a simple moving average filter is utilized. We show the performance of our proposed scheme in terms of the estimated number of devices and the system throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can obtain higher system throughput than the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.517-520
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• 2005

Wireless sensor network combines sensing and computing technology which can sense light, temperature, vibration, magnetic field and wind etc, as each purpose of using those. Wireless nodes operate signal processing skill which has proceeded sensed information from the sensor, transmission which makes information reached to observer and limited energy managing skill which is needed on account of using battery to operate wireless. To make responsible measuring and sensing out of them, efficient energy management is so important to maintain life time of network. In this paper, after explaining CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) traditional wireless MAC protocol, and ER-MAC(Energy Rate Medium Access Control) which are not managing resource of hardware but MAN(Medium Access Control), data-link layer out of OSI 7 layer. We would like to analyze those efficiency of power saving comparing with each protocol.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2016

Replica bit-line technique is used for making enable signal of sense amplifier which accurately tracks bit-line of SRAM. However, threshold voltage variation in the replica bit-line circuit changes the cell current, which results in variation of the sense amplifier enable time, $T_{SAE}$. The variation of $T_{SAE}$ makes the sensing operation unstable. In this paper, in addition to conventional replica bit-line delay ($RBL_{conv}$), dual replica bit-line delay (DRBD) and multi-stage dual replica bit-line delay (MDRBD) which are used for reducing $T_{SAE}$ variation are briefly introduced, and the maximum possible number of on-cell which can satisfy $6{\sigma}$ sensing yield is determined through simulation at a supply voltage of 0.6V with 14nm FinFET technology. As a result, it is observed that performance of DRBD and MDRBD is improved 24.4% and 48.3% than $RBL_{conv}$ and energy consumption is reduced which 8% and 32.4% than $RBL_{conv}$.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.249-255
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• 2018

This paper presents a human-centered control algorithm for personalized autonomous driving based on the integration of inverse time-to-collision and time headway. In order to minimize the sense of difference between driver and autonomous driving, the human-centered control technology is required. Driving characteristics in case that vehicle drives with the preceding vehicle have been analyzed and reflected to the longitudinal control algorithm. The driving characteristics such as acceleration, inverse time-to-collision, time headway have been analyzed for longitudinal control. The control algorithm proposed in this study has been constructed on Matlab/Simulink environment and the performance evaluation has been conducted by using actual driving data.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

Purpose: We investigated the effects of music on pain, blood pressure, and pulse in patients with chronic back pain. We tried to find some change of satisfaction of treatment and a sense. Method: We recruited total 30 patients with chronic back pain, who had pain from lumbago for more than six months. Subjects received electrotherapy and electrotherapy with music one at a time during me test, and subjects received one in the morning and the other one in the afternoon. We compared the test results between the electrotherapy and electrotherapy with music. Visual Analogue Scale was used to check the effect on pain. Blood pressure and pulse were checked, too. The gathered informatio was analyzed by t-test, independent sample t-test, and chi-square test. Results: There was statistically not significant difference between electrotherapy and electrotherapy with the music in VAS(Visual Analogue Scale)(p>0.05). There were statistically some significant differences between two groups in systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and the pulse(p<0.05). Subject group showed statistically higher scores of satisfaction(p<0.05). There was significant difference between two groups(p<0.05) in the tingling and vibration sense. Conclusion: we found that the lumbago patients who are treated by electrotherapy with the music did not have additional difference in relief of pain, but electrotherapy with music can get better effects on their blood pressure, the pulse, satisfaction, and tingling-vibration sense. This means that the patients receive their treatment comfortably with rest. Therefore, We consider that it is desirable to play music to lumbago patients to offer the better treatment service to the patients.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to consider the characteristics of fashion paradigm on contemporary fashion in pursuit of social change towards 'slowness'. As for the research methodology, literature survey has been undertaken. The results of this study can be summarized as followings. First, eco-friendly ethics towards sustainability is in taking action. The concept of 'cradle-to-cradle' is realized through reuse, recycle, organic material, and no use of chemical. Second, local diversity is revolving quality and longevity. Good quality of fashion made by artisans and specificity in local area is to be kept last. Third, people are recast in roles from simple consumers to self-made producers of their clothes. Users of clothes are more active and skilled role in practice of handmade, reform, DIY, and open-source design. In Conclusion, the fashion paradigm of 'slowness' is about designing, producing, consuming and living better to combine ideas for sense of nature's time, culture's time and people's time.