• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2000

To compare physique classification by body consciousness and anthropometric index, 83 students were chosen from May to June 1998. Anthropometry including weight and height were measured and food frequency was examined by questionnaires. The results are as follows; 1) Average age of the subjects is 20.7, height 160.8cm and weight 51.4 kg. 2) All anthropometric indices and body fat percentage are highly correlated and all anthropometric indices show high and positive correlation with weight, but negative correlation with height. 3) The 55.4-75.9% of subjects were normal range by criteria of BMI and RI respectively, but the 40% of subjects were obese range by the self-consciousness of leanness/obesity. 4) The lean group was thinner in trunk and extremities, taller and lighter than the obese group. 5) When we investigated the groups classified by the body consciousness, the significant differences were found in the physical measurements related with feeling about self-obesity.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to investigate attitude about self-weight reduction and dietary intakes by body mass index (BMI) of university students. The subjects were Korean university students (male: 1,024, female： 1,575) who were participating in a nutritional education class via the internet. This survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, health-related lifestyles, dietary behaviors, body images and diet experiences. As for prevalence of obesity, 3.2％ of male subjects were underweight, 64.2％ were normal weight, 20.8％ were overweight, and 11.8％ were obese. In female subjects, 25.8％ were underweight, 67.1 ％ were normal weight, 5.3％ were overweight, and 1.7％ were obese. Distribution of obesity by BMI was significantly different between male and female subjects. There was a significant difference in perceptions of body weight between male and female subjects. The female subjects were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight. As for weight reduction, the higher BMI was, the more weight reduction was tried in both male and female subjects. As for average daily intakes for energy and 11 nutrients, most nutrient intakes were not significantly different by distribution of BMI. However, obese subgroup showed the lowest nutrient intakes compared to other subgroups. As BMI increased, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) significantly decreased. Therefore, nutritional education via the internet is necessary for university students to establish physically and mentally optimal health condition through nutritional intervention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.410-415
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• 2009

The weekly liveweight gain, growing and stress parameters of quails bred using two different types of lighting for 6 weeks following hatching were examined in this study. The first type of lighting was 23 L:1 D, continuous lighting (CL), widely used in the commercial system and the second was a self-photoperiod (SP) system consisting of a continuously lit chamber and a dark chamber the quails could move to as they wished. On the first 15 days, no difference was found in liveweight gain between the two breeding systems. On the $6^{th}$ week when the trial was completed, the liveweight of the male quails upon which CL lighting was used was 159.03 g while the weight of males in the SP group was 174.43 g; these values in female quails of the CL group were 179.15 g and in the SP group were 200.68 g. The CL group had lower testis volume (TVOM, $cm^{3}$) and testis weight (TW, g) than the SP group, however there was no difference between the groups in testis weight/body weight rate (BWTW %). In female quails, the ovary weight (OW, g) and the ovary weight/body weight rate (BWOW, %) values were higher in the SP group. The CL light regime was concluded to cause stress in male quails (CL, Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio (H/L): 0.27; SP, H/L: 0.17). In conclusion; the SP system allowing the quails to regulate their light periods increased liveweight gain and enabled sexual maturity to be gained at an earlier period than in quail on the CL system and improved their welfare.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.45-48
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• 2005

Self compacting concrete has the strong point in capability of concrete to be uniformly filled and compacted in every corners of formwork by its self-weight without vibration during placing. However, powder type self compacting concrete has the weak point in the heat of hydration, the drying shrinkage and the elastic property of concrete etc. Recently viscosity agent has been developed in order to overcome these weaknesses. In this study, self compacting concrete is made with viscosity agent based on polysaccharide derivative in order to develope the normal strength self compacting concrete. Slump flow, loss of slump flow and setting time are measured for comparison with normal concrete. Compressive strength, freezing and thawing test and carbonation test are conducted on normal and self compacting concrete using viscosity agent. In the experiment, we acquired good results in fresh and hardened self compacting concrete using viscosity agent based on polysaccharide derivative.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.475-489
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the make-up culture of women by disclosing attitudes of make-up as to whether there will be differences or not according to personal weight interests & self-image. The study was performed with 218 consecutive women between the ages of 30 and 50 over 2 months from April 10th, 2012 till May 30th, 2012. The results were as follows. First, regarding make-up attitudes according to concerns of weight interests and self-image, there is no difference of make-up attitude by sophisticated image and pure image in case of weight concern. But there is a significant difference of make-up attitudes by concerns of weight interests in activities image. Second, highly populated group of sophisticated image, pure image, and active image has more activities of make-up attitudes. The higher concerns of appearance and the higher self-image, there was more positive attitude of make-up. Third, highly populated group of pure image and active image has more positive attitude of make-up in case of higher physical attractiveness.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

This study explored the eating attitudes, dieting habits, weight perception and exercise behavior of Korean women. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 724 Korean college students. Compared to males, female students felt themselves overweight and dissatisfied with their body and desired to lose weight although both groups were within the range of the national standard. Female students dieted more, while males exercised more. Eighteen percent of females showed disturbed eating behavior. The score for disturbed eating behavior was highly related to weight perception in the female students. These results suggest that Korean college women have a high prevalence of eating disturbances without having actual weight problems. A majority of the women desired to lose weight which may be due to the misperception of their body weight and fatness. However, they did not adopt appropriate strategies such as doing regular exercise to reduce their body weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1992

Self-and reciprocal-graftings were made between soybean varieties(cv.Hwangkeumkong, Paldalkong, Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong) to assertain the relative role of shoot and root in soybean growth and yield determination. The influence of grafting per se on plant height and leaf number on main stem were negligible as evidenced by the insignificant differences between self-and reciprocal-graftings. The effect of grafting on flowering was different between different set of varieties grafted reciprocally. Self grafting delayed flowering 2 days and reciprocal grafting delayed another 2 days, in general. The effects of grafting on dry weights of different plant parts except pod were also insignificant. Reciprocal grafting increased pod dry weight in Hwangkeumkong and Paldalkong regardless whether they were used as scion or stock. Reciporcal grafting also influenced dry weights of Bokwangkong and Jangkyongkong significantly, but the response was different from those of Hwangkeumkong or Paldalkong. Jangkyongkong, when used as stock, decreased total dry weight of Bokwangkong significantly through the reduction of pod and stem dry weights. Stem diameter was increased by grafting, however, grafting decreased number of branches in all varieties. The average yields of self-and reciprocal-grafting were decreased by 11% and 24%, respectively, comparing to that of non-grafting, while average yield of reciprocal grafting was 14% lower than that of self grafting. Stem weight of grafted soybeans was decreased by 29-32% comparing to that of non-grafted soybeans, but the difference between self and reciprocal graftings was negligible. The genetic characteristics of scion was found to be more important than those of stock in determination of yield and stem weight. It was also indicated that varieties and characteristics are different in response to grafting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of health and food related behavior of college students in Wonju area. Questionnaires were delivered personally to 430 students. The 37.9% of subjects were self-boarded and 27.4% lived in their home in Wonju area. They spend 230,000 won in average per month. Male students spent money more than female students and self-boarding students spent money more than other residental type students. The 90% of subjects thought they were healthy and the 25% of subjects exercised regularly. The subjects self-recognized their body as fat were more concerning about their weight control and had more weight control experience. SeIf-boarding students tended to skip their meals and had unbalanced diet. Students who lived in dormitory tended to skip meal less. Female students showed higher scores at balanced diet, snack intake, and left meal than male students. Self recognized their body as medium showed lower scores at overeating and eating irregularly. The amount of consumption of carbonated beverage was the highest among several instant foods. The frequencies of intake of those instant foods were different by gender, residental types, and eating behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.215-230
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• 2013

This study aims at examining perception, life style and food habits by residence type in female college students. The data analysis were conducted by a body fat analyzer and questionnaire survey. The subjects were 230 female college students divided into three groups: home-living group, dormitory group, and self-boarding group. The age of the subjects was 20.3~21.7 years old. Among the subjects, 46.1% were home-living group, 27.4% dormitory group, and 26.5% self-boarding group. There was no significant satisfaction of body weight by residence type. Their exercise frequency were not significant by the groups. The exercise time per day was much in home-living group than dormitory group, and self-boarding group(p<0.05). The meal eating time was regular in dormitory group than in home-living group and self-boarding group at p<0.05. 'Frequency of much food intake', 'frequency of restaurant meal', and 'saltness' were significant by the groups at p<0.05 respectively. Breakfast frequency was significant different by the groups at p<0.05. Intakes frequency of cereals in breakfast, meats in breakfast, vegetables in breakfast was different by the groups at p<0.05.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the perception of body image, the dietary attitude, the nutrient intake and the dietary self-efficacy of middle school students in Kyoung-Nam. The survey was conducted from April 8 to April 22 in 2002. The results are summarized as follows. Twenty three point nine percents of the underweight group,24.5% of the normal weight group, 57.1% of the overweight group and 62.5% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Most of the students were concerned about their body image and weight control. The obesity of the parents correlated significantly with the obesity of the subjects. The higher the obesity rate, the lower the dietary attitude and dietary self-efficacy. There was a significant positive correlation between the education level of their mothers and the dietary attitude of the subjects and a significant negative correlation between the obesity rate of the subjects and their. dietary attitudes. Dietary attitude scores showed no significant difference among the groups. Intakes of calories, protein, calcium and iron were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 171∼180, 2003)