• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2003

Self-patterning of thin films using photosensitive sol solution has advantages such as simple manufacturing process compared to photoresist/dry etching process. In this study,$La_{0.5}SR_{0.5}CoO_3$(LSCO) thin films as an electrode material for ferroelectric memories have been prepared by spin coating method using photosensitive sol solution. La-2methoxyethoxide, Sr-ethoxide, Co-2methoxyethoxide were used as starting materials. As UV exposure time to the LSCO gel thin film increased, the UV absorption peak intensity of metal${beta}$-diketonate decreased due to reduced solubility by M(metal)-O-M bond formation. Solubility difference by UV irradiation on LSCO gel thin film allows to obtain a fine patterning of thin film. The LSCO thin films annealed over$680{\circ}C$ in air showed perovskite phase and the lowest resistivity$(4{ imes}10^{-3}{Omega}cm)$ of the thin films were obtained by annealing at$740{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.750-757
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• 2002

Self-patterning of thin films using photosensitive sol solution has advantages such as simple manufacturing process compared to photoresist/dry etching process. In this study, ferroelectric $Sr_{0.9}Bi_{2.1}Ta_2O_9$ thin films have been prepared by spin coating method using photosensitive sol solution. Strontium ethoxide, tertramethylheptanedionato bismuth and tantalum ethoxide were used as starting materials. As UV exposure time to the SBT thin film increased, the UV absorption peak intensity of metal ${\beta}$-diketonate decreased due to reduced solubility by M-O-M bond formation. Solubility difference by UV irradiation on SBT thin film allows to obtain a fine patterning of thin film. Also, The ferroelectric properties of the UV irradiated SBT thin films were superior to those of the no-UV irradiated films.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2021

This review aims to propose a model that can reinterpret the abnormal and functional connections between cognitive processes and emotional regulations based on the neurocognitive networks for a comprehensive understanding of pathologic processes and treatment approach of depression and anxiety disorder. Through the processes of rebuilding the network model for depression and anxiety disorder, it was confirmed that depression can be said to be 'over-immersion in self-referencing' due to hyper-activation of default mode network (DMN), and anxiety disorders to be 'disconnection with self-referencing' due to hypo-activation of DMN. The attempts to link up between abnormal activation and pathological function of DMN which is thought to be involved in self-referential processing associated with self-consciousness and projection among neurocognitive networks may be another starting point that can afford to be suggestive in integrated interpretation and therapeutic approach to depression and anxiety disorder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.601-613
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• 2019

Today's elderly people is no longer dependent, but is being transformed into learning, serving, producing and contributing. Therefore, the importance of lifelong education for the elderly people to overcome the social and psychological anxiety of the elderly people and improve the quality of life is increasingly emphasized. In addition, the starting point of lifelong education for the elderly people is getting faster and faster to prepare for the post-aged society. The purpose of this study is to examine how lifelong education for the elderly people affects self-esteem and self-integration, and how empowerment mediates between lifelong education for the elderly people and self-esteem, lifelong education for the elderly people and self-integration. To this end, 220 members over 50 years of age who participated in lifelong education responded to the survey, and statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS and AMOS. The results of this study proved that lifelong education for the elderly people improves self-esteem, self-integration and empowerment, and empowerment plays a mediating role in the between lifelong education for the elderly people and self-esteem, and in the between lifelong education for the elderly people and self-integration. As a result of this study, the importance of lifelong education for the elderly people was confirmed and the practical plans were found. Finally, the direction of lifelong education for the elderly people and the limitations of this study were discussed.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-83
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• 2013

Personal creativity is critically important for organizations seeking to survive and thrive in today's highly turbulent business environments. Organizations must effectively identify and mobilize the creative resources of their members. When organizational members perceive a work environment that restricts or fails to encourage individual creative expression, a gap may exist between the level of individual creative potential and the actual amount of individual creativity practiced within the organization. In this situation, this paper will examine the impact of role conflict, role ambiguity, creative self-efficacy, and personal initiative on personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy is the subjective belief in one's personal ability to be creative, that is, a personal assessment of one's own creative potential. A strong internal belief in one's ability to successfully engage in creative behaviors is generally considered an important part of the creative process. Personal Initiative refers to behaviors, mainly directed toward work and organizational issues, that are characterized by the following aspects: self-starting, proactive, and persistent in overcoming barriers. Creativity-related creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are critical components to understand motivation that coordinates the relationship between perception and behavior of individual employees. Based on role theory, researchers have focused on role conflict and role ambiguity as the two key ingredients of role stress. Role ambiguity is defined as an evaluation about the lack of salient information needed to perform a role effectively. Role conflict results from two or more sets of incompatible demands involving work-related issues. Employees are usually pursued work-roles more than one in work-focused organization. Too many work-roles and perceived uncertainties at employee's work can be obstacles to personal creativity. In an analysis of results, while role conflict is not negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy. While role conflict is significantly related to personal creativity, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy mediates the relationship among role conflict, role ambiguity, and employee creativity. Personal initiative mediates the relationship between creative self-efficacy and employee creativity. This paper shows that creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are the driving force behind personal creativity. Organizations can get some implications of creative-related role conflict and role ambiguity that employees have experienced. As a result, organizations must not only encourage creativity of employees by greater involvement but also encourage their input towards their-focused own works and tasks. And employees should be developed to pace with the organizational needs and development. Management must enable employees to think of new ideas and practices that promotes personal creativity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is by using the Grounded Theory method to examine the process of starting a business in an online shopping mall for young self-employed people with experience in using Company N's Partner Square (Gwangju), a startup infrastructure institution. In this study, in-depth interview survey data were used, and theoretical sampling method was used in the selection of study participants. After proceeding in the order of open coding, axis coding, and selective coding suggested by Strauss & Corbin, it was analyzed with a paradigm model. The main research results are as follows. First, even when parents were unaware about online shopping malls or had a negative mindset about it, but they had a positive mindset about their children's start-ups, it was found that their children tended to start online shopping mall businesses. However, if parents had a negative mindset about online shopping malls and about their children's start-up, then the child could not start an online shopping mall business. Second, it was found that the ability to use online shopping malls is important as a condition for entrepreneurship and achievement in online shopping malls for young people. In particular, Partner Square (Gwangju) was found to increase the ability to use online shopping malls and positively influence startups in online shopping malls. Third, it was found that young people have increased their self-esteem, discovering opportunities, and reinforcing their creativity, in addition to simply increasing their sales after starting the online shopping mall.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study was performed to empirically verify how the degree of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, the degree of work value which each founder gains from starting a shop, and the degree of usefulness perception of the entrepreneurial service given by the public sector influence founder's entrepreneurial intentions. The degree of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and internal work value was found to influence entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, would-be coffee shop founders' usefulness perception of entrepreneurial service had an impact on entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study could allow a wider understaning of what factors influence entrepreneurial intentions of a coffee shop founder and the importance of governmental support(education, funding, skills, and management).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.143-157
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is firstly, to find out the factors of entrepreneurial intention in potential entrepreneurs, and secondly to examine the relationship between objective start-up environment and subjective recognition of start-up environment, and entrepreneurial intention. For this study, investigation has been done to find out if fear of business failure, that is notoriously high among Koreans, acts as an influential factor between objective start-up environment/subjective recognition of start-up environment and entrepreneurial intention. The data is collected from 335 respondents comprised of college students and adults who are interested in starting their own businesses. The results of this study are as follows : (1) Objective start-up environment and subjective recognition of start-up environment, which is self-efficacy, have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. (2) Fear of business failure mediates the relationship between objective start-up environment/subjective recognition of start-up environment, and entrepreneurial intention (3) Child-care system, as an explain variable in the objective start-up environment in this study, is an important factor in the process of entrepreneurial commitment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.167-172
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to suggest implications that the level of sound financial management ability of university students could be raised, starting with the awareness that not only college students but also all financial consumers need high levels of financial management ability, such as knowledge and attitudes toward financial management, as economic conditions are in trouble in the aftermath of the ongoing Corona19. A survey was conducted on college students to achieve the purpose of the study. In relation to the research model set in this study based on the survey, financial management ability and financial self-efficacy as the independent variable, and financial management behavior as the dependent variable were selected to analyze the structural relationship according to the study model. The analysis shows that financial management ability had an effect on financial self-efficacy and financial management behavior. Based on these results, theoretical and policy implications were presented. Finally, the limitations of this study and future research directions were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

$La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_3$ (LSCO) electrodes were prepared on ferroelectric $Sr_{0.9}Bi_{2.1}Ta_2O_9$(SBT) thin films by spin coating method using photosensitive sol-gel solution. Self-patterning technique of photosensitive sol-gel solution has advantages such as simple manufacturing process compared to photoresist/dry etching process. Lanthanum(III) 2-methoxyethoxide, Stronitium diethoxide. Cobalu(II)2-methoxyethoxide were used as starting materials for LSCO electrode. UV irradiation on LSCO thin films lead to decrease solubility by M-O-M bond formation and the solubility difference allows us to obtain self-patternine. There was little composition change of the LSCO thin films between before leaching and after leaching in 2-methoxyethanol. The lowest resistivity of LSCO thin films deposited on $SiO_2$/Si substrate was $1.1{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}cm$ when the thin film was ennealed at $740^{\circ}C$. The values of Pr/Ps and 2Pr of LSCO/SBT/Pt capacitor on the applied voltage of 5V were 0.51, 8.89 ${\mu}C/cm^2$, respectively.