• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.223-235
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• 2004

A functional ability and adequate nutritional status are the major determinants of health status, Self-rated health (SRH) is a worldwide method to assess health status and it is recognized as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, This study was designed to evaluate the functional ability and nutritional risk according to SRH in the elderly. Four hundred nine free-living elderly people (118 male, 291 female), aged $\geq$ 65 years were interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires including demographic information, SRH, anthropometric measurements, functional ability, general health status, and nutritional risk. SRH was divided into three status such as “Good”, “Moderate” and “Poor” status. And all the data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA, spearman correlation, and x$^2$ analysis using SPSS 9.0 version at p 〈 0.05. Of all the subjects, 48.9％ perceived their health status as “poor”, and their functional abilities (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living) were more impaired than their counterparts (“good” and “moderate”). Poor self-rated health was also related to: a higher prevalence of illnesses (p 〈 0,001) especially in hypertension, arthritis. Self-rated health was significantly related to food security (p 〈 0.001), food enjoyment (p 〈 0.001) ,and nutritional knowledge (p = 0.0 13). Also NSI checklist total score was the highest in “poor” health status (p 〈 0.001). Better self-rated health was related to better food security, and better food enjoyment. However, smoking, alcoholic intake, exercise, eating behaviors, and demographic characteristics were not significantly different among the three SRH status. SRH was closely related to chronic diseases, functional ability, and nutritional risk in the elderly. Therefore, public health strategies for the elderly should be focused on the elderly who are “poor” in SRH, to improve nutritional status and functional ability, and to reduce risk factors of chronic diseases.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-182
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• 2013

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of simulation training with a hybrid model of student nurses' performance ability and reported self confidence. Methods: A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest was designed. Data collection was done during the first semester in 2012 at a college of nursing in Seoul. Nursing performance ability and reported self confidence related to taking care of patients with urinary problems were evaluated. The treatment group (n=96) received simulation training of a catheterization procedure with a hybrid model involving standardized patients and a mannequin. Nursing students in the comparison group (n=84) did not receive the simulation training but would receive it prior to their next clinical practicum's. Results: The treatment group showed a significantly higher performance ability and reported self confidence than that of the comparison group. The perceived helpfulness and contentment of the simulation training in experimental group was high. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that simulation with a hybrid model was effective in teaching skills prior to the clinical experience which suggests that skill development is not dependent on the actual clinical situation. Nurse educators should consider simulation training as a tool beyond that of clinical practicum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

Purpose : In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students' adjustment to college life by focusing on their empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience. Methods : We applied a descriptive survey research design, which included a self-report questionnaire. The participants comprised 307 nursing students in B city. The data were analyzed by calculating the percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression using SPSS 23.0. Results : The participants' empathic ability score was 3.30±.42, perceived stress score 1.85±.49, resilience score 3.44±.64, and adjustment to college life score 3.25±.52. Adjustment to college life was positively correlated with resilience (r=.43, p<.001) but negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=.27, p<.001). Factors affecting adjustment to college life include, among general characteristics in Model 1, in descending order, major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.54, p<.001), interpersonal conflict: never (β=.26, p=.018), health status: healthy (β=.25, p=.002), character: positive (β=.21, p=.006), character: optimistic (β=.19, p=.015), parents' economic power: high (β=.15, p=.047), and gender: male (β=.11, p=.016). Model 1 was statistically significant (F=11.67, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 41 %. In Model 2, empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience were added as independent variables. When including the dependent variables, the factors that most influenced adjustment to college life were perceived stress (β=-.37, p<.001), major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.36, p<.001), health status-healthy (β=.25, p<.001), gender-male (β=.10, p=.015), and resilience (β=.10, p=.029). Model 2 was statistically significant (F=17.65, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 56 %. Conclusion : We found that gender, major satisfaction, health status, perceived stress, and resilience affected adjustment to college life among nursing students who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. To increase their ability to adjust to college life, a gender-specific intervention program should be developed that can improve the students' health status, major satisfaction and resilience, and reduce their perceived stress.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parental attitudes, teachers' autonomy support as perceived by high school students, and the self-directed learning abilities of high school students. A total of 341 high school students from South Korea participated in the study. A survey instrument was used to measure parental attitudes, teacher autonomy support, and students' self-directed learning ability. The results of the study are as follows. First, the rearing attitudes of parents were perceived by the participants as oriented more toward being attainable and relatively less self-directed. There were no significant differences between male and female students, though male students were more likely to perceive their parents' attitudes as more attainable-oriented. The results also show that, in terms of self-directed learning skills among high school students, the more goal-oriented, compassionate, and autonomous the parental attitudes are, the likelier are students to have developed self-directed learning skills. Second, the male students were more aware of the autonomy support of teachers than were the female students. This shows that the results have significant predictive power over the self-directed learning ability among high school students. Accordingly, the perception of autonomy support by teachers affects the development of self-directed learning among students. We can therefore conclude that self-directed learning skills develop most effectively in students who are supported by their teachers.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2021

This research was conducted to help establish positive and professional nursing intuition by confirming the degree of self-directed learning ability, emotional intelligence, grit, and nursing intuition perceived by nursing students in the post-corona era. The subject of this research were nursing students located in G Metropolitan City. A descriptive survey was conducted from February 22 to March 28, 2021 as a self-report questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The analysis showed that higher major satisfaction, emotional intelligence, and grit indicated more positive and professional nursing intuition. Factors affecting nursing professional intuition were emotional intelligence and major satisfaction, and the explanatory power was 61.7%. Based on the results of this research, curriculum activities and strategies of comparison and activities are required to increase the emotional intelligence and major satisfaction of nursing college students. These strategies are also expected to help nursing students establish positive nursing professional intuition.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.38-46
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• 2022

This study examined the relationship of academic achievement, learning motivation and self-directed learning ability and cognitive presence of nursing students in online class. Data were collected through self reported structured questionnaire in 202 nursing students from October 19 to 30, 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. As a result this study, academic achievement was positively correlated with learning motivation(r=.45, p<.001), self-directed learning ability(r=.50, p<.001) and cognitive presence(r=.64, p<.001). As a result regression analysis, subjective academic grades, self-directed learning ability and cognitive presence explained 57.0% of the academic achievement in nursing students(F=91.00, p<.001). Therefore, it is necessary to develop various interventions to enhance the self-directed learning ability and to design the classes that increase the cognitive presence.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This article starts with a review of the system characteristic(easiness, flexibility, reliability) and individual characteristic(self-efficacy, achievement motive, computer ability) through education satisfaction especially in relation to the education performance(perceived usefulness, educatee value). We found that all variables significantly affect the education satisfaction, but only computerized ability doesn't significantly affect the education satisfaction. Education satisfaction significantly affect the education performance. This paper suggests that the followings; first, response time of systems is valuable factor in KcLep. Second, self-efficacy and achievement motive are more important then computer ability in KcLep educatee. Finally, software developer and teacher always think about rapid response time of systems and exchange of data for the education performance in KcLep.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.501-512
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to utilize the 20 steps in the three phases from the book, 'Twenty steps for developing a Healthy Cities Project $2^{nd}$ Ed., 1995, WHO/EURO' to survey Healthy Cities to identify the similarities and differences by implementation rates and perceived significances among Healthy Cities worldwide. For this study, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the book. The questionnaires were delivered by air-mail and e-mail to 213 Healthy City coordinators or directors in 43 nations from Jan 13 to Feb 10, 1999. The responses were gathered up until March 31 from 40 Healthy Cities in 17 nations, mostly in the USA and in the European regions. The main results are as follows; Overall the perceived significances were higher for healthy cities with higher implementation rates and there were significant differences for 'set-up office', 'plans strategy', 'increase health awareness', 'mobilize intersectoral action', and 'secure healthy public policy'. 1. According to national health system, the implementation rate, perceived significance and implementation ability of the 20 steps were higher in the healthy cities with a comprehensive-type health system as compared to those with an entreprenetrial & permissive health system. Overall there were significant differences in the steps 'mobilize intersectoral action', and 'secure healthy public policy'. steps which were predominant in the healthy cities with a comprehensive-type health system. There was no concordance in the ranks of implementation rate and perceived significant score. 2. According to the length of implementation time, the perceived significance and implementation ability were higher in healthy cities with more than 6 years compared to those with less than 6 years, although implementation rate was the same. Overall there was a significant difference in 'secure healthy public policy' the step which was predominant in the healthy cities with more than 6 years of implementation. 3. According to population covered by the Healthy City Project, the implementation rate and implementation ability were higher in healthy cities with more than a population of 100 thousand. There was no significant difference in perceived significance, but there were differences in the following, 'find finances', 'set-up office'. 'mobilize intersectoral action' in the implementation rate and implementation ability. These three steps were predominant in the healthy cities with a population of more than 100 thousand. 4. The population covered by the Healthy City Project was the only effective factor influencing the total implementation ability of each healthy city, and it was higher for those cities with a population of more than 100 thousand. In Conclusion, the implementation rate, the perceived significance and the implementation ability were higher in cities with a comprehensive -type health system, with more than 6 years of healthy city experience and with a population of more than 100 thousand. To increase the reliability and the validity of the questionnaire and the results of this study arising from lack of sufficient data, repeated study needs to be considered with a more refined questionnaire delivered to more healthy cities worldwide.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 2004

This study investigated about tendency of friendships characteristics and self-esteem of elementary and middle school girls, especially how they differ with respect to grades and how self-esteem differ in terms of friendships characteristics of elementary and middle school girls. The results of this study were as follows: First, regarding general tendencies of friendships and of self-esteem, this study showed that most adolescents had best friends, close friends and a group of friends. Also, almost all had more than three close friends, hung around with a group of friends consisting of 5 to 8 young people, interacted with friends more than once a week. Most adolescents perceived 'social acceptance' as most important, followed by general self-worth, conduct behavioral, cognitive ability, physical appearance and the physical ability. Second, this study showed that there were significant differences in terms of general characteristics and self-esteem based on grade. Third, this study showed there were significant differences in the level of self-esteem according to whether the adolescents had best friends, how many close friends they had, how many had a group of friends, and how frequently they interacted with friends.