• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1982

Three common species of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococus lartis were tried to store in frozen state for various periods up to four months and their stabilities during the storage were evaluated. A needle of culture suspension was transferred to 10 $m\ell$ of 10% reconstituted skim milk and frozen immediately. After storage under said conditions the storage tubes were thawed and incubated under optimum growth temperatures for 48 hours after which plate counts and acidity determinations were made. The same incubation and analyses were repeated with organisms transferred from the previous culture tubes. No significant deterioration in both survival and acid producing activity were observed during the four month storage except that some decrease in acid forming by L. bulgaricus appeared after 60 days of storage. Among the three species tested L. casei was found to be most stable and the fast was reconfirmed with scale-upped fermentation experiments using the same organism.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.565-570
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• 2006

The viviparous germination (VG) with lodging caused the yield reduction and quality deterioration in rice. We carried out the evaluation of VG tolerance (on the 40th day after heading) and mapping QTLs associated with VG tolerance using the recombinant inbred lines (M/G RILs) from a cross between Milyang 23 (japonica/indica) and Gihobyeo (japonica). The VG rates of Milyang 23 and Gihobyeo were 0.0 and 7.0%, respectively. The averaged VG rate of 162 M/G RILs was 7.7%, and their range was from 0.0 to 50.9%. Of the 162 RILs, 144 lines were tolerant less than 10%, and 18 lines were susceptible more than 10%. Using the M/G RIL Map, three QTLs associated with the viviparous trait were detected on chromosome 2 (qVG 2-1 and qVG 2-2) and 8 (qVG 8). qVG 2-1 was linked to RM 32D and RZ 166, and had LOD score of 2.97. qVG 2-2 was tightly linked to E13M59.119-Pl and E13M59.M003-P2, and showed higher LOD score of 3.41. qVG 8 was linked to RM33 and TCT116, and had LOD score of 2.67. The total phenotypic variance explained by the three QTLs was about 24.4% of the total variance in the population. The detection of new QTLs associated with VG tolerance will provide important informations for the seed dormancy, low temperature germination, or comparative genetics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2015

The Korean daily intake of vegetable oils has increased about 2.5-fold from 17 g/day to 46 g/day for the last several decades. Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) has been cultivated in Korea for a long time as a dietary oil seed which has the highest content of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, accounting for nearly 60%. It is known that the main role of ALA is as a precursor to the longer-chain ${\omega}-3$, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the metabolic products of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA, ${\omega}-3$). Dietary ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids reduce inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis, but they also may act as functional components for cognitive and behavioral function. Thus, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid is one of the essential nutrients in modern dietary patterns in which much linoleic acid is consumed. Nevertheless, perilla oil, rich in ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, can be easily oxidized, giving rise to controversies with respect to shelf life, the deterioration of the product's commercial value, and further related toxicity. Recent research using genetic modifications has tried to develop new plant oil seeds that balance the ratio of ${\omega}-6/{\omega}-3$ fatty acids. Such trials could be a strategy for improving an easily oxidizable property of perilla oil due to high ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. Alternatively, appropriate application of antioxidant to the oil can be considerable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1715-1719
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• 2004

In order to help the preservation of the unshiu orange and pear, antimicrobial paper incorporating grapefruit seed extract and zeolite was applied to pack fruits. Unshiu orange was packed in a box (24${\times}$24${\times}$22 cm) attached with antimicrobial paper and then stored respectively at l$0^{\circ}C$. Pears were wrapped individually before storage at l$0^{\circ}C$. During the storage, weight loss, pH, total acidity, soluble solid content, microbial load and decay were measured as quality indices. Steady pH increase in unshiu orange was observed to slightly decrease total acidity during the storage with little difference between the packaging treatments. The microbial loads of total aerobic bacteria, and yeast/mold counts were suppressed during storage by the antimicrobial paper packaging, which also contributed to reducing the decayed unshiu orange. Limited reduction of total aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold counts was observed only for initial storage period for the pears wrapped with 9 and 12% antimicrobial agent-added papers. Antimicrobial paper was useful for the reduction of microbial load in unshiu orange and pear without other quality deterioration.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

In order to help the preservation of the cherry tomato and unshiu orange, antimicrobial paper incorporating grapefruit seed extract and zeolite was applied to the package. Cherry tomato and unshiu orange were packed in a box (38x25x20 cm) attached with antimicrobial paper and then stored respectively at $5^{\circ}C$. During the storage, weight loss, pH total acidity, soluble solid content microbial load and decay ratio were measured as quality indices. pH increase in cherry tomato was observed until 20 days, and decreased with litle difference between the packaging treatments thereafter pH and total acidity decrease in unshiu orange were shown till 30 days, and abrupt change was revealed by 40 days. This was due to physiological disorders. The microbial loads of total aerobic bacteria, and yeast/mold count were suppressed during storage by the box packaging incorporated with antimicrobial agents, which also contributed to reducing the decayed cherry tomato and unshiu orange. Antimicrobial paper was useful fur the reduction of microbial load in cherry tomato and unshiu orange pear without other quality deterioration.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to observe the growth habit and investigate a possibility of cultivating the GM rice (CaMsrB2-8) as a rice cultivar having drought resistance. Germination viability test showed that there was no significant difference between the drought-resistant GM(CaMsrB2-8) and non-GM (Ilmi) rice which was the parent variety at the GM rice. All the seeds of CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi germinated after 6 days. Viviparous germination was not found in CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi that was grown in greenhouse at $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with water spraying for 40 days. Ratooning of CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi was observed in 7-14 days and found uniform in field condition. CaMsrB2-8 seemed to grow faster than Ilmi. But CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi were similar in 14-21 days. Both CaMsrB2-8 and Ilmi showed low seed shattering and more than 90% grains were ripened. All the seeds scattered in the paddy soil surface were not germinated after passing the winter. This study suggests that the drought-resistant GM rice was not significantly different with the parent variety of Ilmi in many agronomic characteristics such as wildness traits.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 1983

In order to know the effect of planting date and cutting management on Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus truberosus L.) as a new forage or energy crop, JA tubes were planted from April 7 to June 27 with 20 day interval. Growth and yield could stay high as normal planting if tuber planting had been done until late May. The delayed planting after June caused deterioration of seed tuber, produced poor emergence and retarded growth. Previous harvested field did not need additional planting every spring because there were enough leftover tubers usually small size, less than 3gr., to provide a dense seedling establishment. This plot had too dense in population to adjust its spacing by thinning some of seedlings. One or two times cutting for forage or silage production reduced tuber yield very significantly. Therefore, it was not a good management to harvest for both forage and tuber production. Topping at 20cm from growing point in early July prevented from lodging and assured tuber yield.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.5-24
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• 2011

Neunghwaji(Embossed patterned paper) is a unique paper used for a traditional book cover in Korea. The research was carried out to investigate Neunghwaji's features. Physical property was studied through a test of tensile strength and folding endurance. Also, comparative analysis of virus resistance and waterproof ability was undertaken on Neunghwaji. 1. Folding endurance test showed that strength of non-embossed CB and HB decreased during deteriorating duration. Embossed CN and HN showed the strength increasing at early stage and decreasing from the 27th day of the deteriorating duration. Tensile strength was decreasing in both cases as deterioration progressed. 2. Growth of Arthrinium sp. fungus on embossed paper was 10% less than plain paper while Cladosporium sp. showed 20~30% less growth. Amur cork dyeing(H) showed 10~30% lower fungi growth than Gardenia seed dyeing(C). The result indicated that embossed paper has better virus resistance than Hanji, and Amur cork dyeing has better virus resistance than Gardenia seed dyeing. 3. Average contact angle of CN, CB, HN, and HB was $85{\sim}92^{\circ}$ and NON-N and NON-B was $59{\sim}63^{\circ}$. In detail, CN's contact angle was $1{\sim}7^{\circ}$ higher than CB's; HN was $1{\sim}6^{\circ}$ higher than HB. Therefore, it was found that embossed paper has higher contact angle than Hanji thus the former has better waterproof ability. The research suggested production technique of Neunghwaji and studied its features related to the technique. Neunghwaji was confirmed to have superior quality to Hanji though further study regarding above test result is needed to complement the research.