• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.3 s.28
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• pp.127-132
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted to several agricultural chemicals such as cuperic sulfate, lime sulfur, swep 80 wp, dithane A-40 and dichlone 50 wp for use as algaecide in wetted nursery of rice, and chemicals were applied at 5 day before and after sowing. The results are summarized as follows. 1. It was found that the effective chemicals as algaecide in wetted nursery were dichlone 50 wp and swop 80 wp, but chemical damage appeared to plant when dithane A-40 and swep 80 wp was applied. 2. Cuperic sulfate was identified to control algae, but it seems to be injurious to seed germination when applied in wetbed nursery. 3. Results were revealed that except dichlone, 50 cuperic sulfate, lime sulfate, swep 80 wp and dithance A-40 decreased the number of roots, rate of dry matter production and plant height compared when no chemical was applied. 4. Dichlone 50 wp was recognized as the most suitable algaecide in view of the plant growth and algae control in wetbed nursery.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using barley seeder attached to rice harvest combine that could be used in rice harvesting and barley seeding simultaneously on the growth characteristics of barley and labor-saving efficiency. In developed seeding system, burley seeding was earlier about 5 days than in the conventional system, because of conducting rice Harvesting and barley seeding simultaneously. The germination of barley seed after seeding was protected from drought damage by the rice straw covering. Among the growth characteristics of barley using developed seeding system, the number of spikes per m$^2$ was lower than that of conventional system, but others showed longer culm length, hove kernel numbers per spike and heavier 1,000 kernel weight than those of conventional system. Developed seeding system resulted in about 57% labor-saving efficiency compared with conventional system. The cost of whole works from seeding to harvest of barley was saved about 8% compared with conventional system. A total of income increased about 16% than that of conventional system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the application effect of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 (gelatinase and chitinase producing microorganism; GCM) for the improvement of soybean yield and control of stink bug. Our results showed that the yield of GCM-treated soybean increased by 17.0, 20.3, 19.0, and 25.6% in the experimental field sites of Muan-gun, Sunchang-gun, Gwangju 1, and Gwangju 2, respectively, compared to the yield of the soybean obtained by conventional practice treatment (CPT); however in the Gimjae-si, the yield decreased by 10.6%. Results in both pods and seeds $plant^{-1}$ were significantly increased in Gwangju 2 by the GCM cultured broth treatment (GCMT). Ratio of 3 seeds $pod^{-1}$ in Sunchang-gun was statistically significant between GCMT and CPT, however, the result in the other field showed no significance. Germination rate was only statistically improved by GCMT in Gwangju 2 field site. GCMT reduced the appearance of stink bug in all experimental field sites except in Gimjae-si. The soybean seed damage by stink bug was no significance in all of treatments. Therefore, GCMT could improve the productivity of soybean and also control the infestation of stink bug.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.793-800
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effects of Paeonia lactiflora (PL) seeds on antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$10g were randomly assigned into five experimental groups fed 0.5% cholesterol ; HC group which was not supplemented PL seeds extract, 0.1% methanol extract diet group (MP1 group), 0.2% methanol extract diet group (MP2 group), 0.05% ether-souble fraction diet group (EP1 group) and 0.1 % ether-souble fraction diet group (EP2 group). Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. The activity of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not significantly different among all the high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity in MP2 group was increased to 27% compared to HC group. The activity of hepatic catalase (CAT) was not significantly different among the all high cholesterol diet groups. The hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the EP1 and EP2 groups were increased to 12% and 13%, respectively, as compared to HC group. The levels of hepatic TBARS in the MP1, MP2, EP1 and EP2 groups were reduced by 18%, 21%, 20% and 23%, respectively, as compared with HC group. The contents of lipofuscin in liver was not significantly different among all the experimental groups. The results indicated that PL seeds extract may be reduced oxidative damage by activating antioxidative defense system of hepatic in rats fed high-cholesterol diets. (Korean J Nutrition 36(8): 793∼800, 2003)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds on the antioxidative defense system and oxidative stress in rats fed a high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of high fat high cholesterol diet group (HF), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.1% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEA), high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.2% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEB) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 0.5% ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented group (HEC). Supplementation of ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds groups (HEA, HEB and HEC) resulted in significantly increased activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Hepatic superoxide radical contents in microsome and mitochondria were significantly reduced in the groups supplemented with red pepper seeds ethanol extracts. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the mitochondria was reduced in ethanol extracts from red pepper seeds supplemented groups. TBARS values in the liver were reduced in red pepper seeds ethanol extracts supplemented groups. Especially, HEB and HEC groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. Hepatic carbonyl values were significantly reduced in mitochondria in these supplemented groups. These results suggest that red pepper seeds ethanol extracts may reduce oxidative damage, by activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

The effects of R products of B company and natural disinfectant naringin, well-known chemical disinfectant on Corneal endothelium and epithelium of rabbit were observed by scanning electron microscope. The main component of naringin is extract of grapefruit seed, which is one of the flavonoid widely recognized as natural antioxidants and used as preservative agent of food and cosmetics. The chemical disinfectants cytotoxicity in cell cultures were announced by MIT assay and LDH leakage assay. But there has been no study about that chemical disinfectants and natural disinfectants is inserted drops on rabbit's cornea directly. In this test R products B company and natural disinfectants has been dropped on the cornea of rabbits for one weeks and observed cytotoxiciy by light camera after rose bengal staining. Also, we analysed the damage of corneal epithelium and endothelium morphologically after enucleating the cornea by scanning electron microscope.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) is a popular vegetable in Asian countries. The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), an insect with worldwide distribution, is a main pest of Brassicaceae crops and causes enormous crop losses. Transfer of the anti-insect gene into the plant genome by transgenic technology and subsequent breeding of insect-resistant varieties will be an effective approach to reducing the damage caused by this pest. We have produced transgenic non-heading Chinese cabbage plants expressing the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (pinII) and tested the pest resistance of these transgenic plants. Non-heading Chinese cabbages grown for 45 days on which buds had formed were used as experimental materials for Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration transformation. Forty-one resistant plants were selected from 1166 g of seed harvested from the infiltrated plants based on the resistance of the young seedlings to the herbicide Basta. The transgenic traits were further confirmed by the Chlorophenol red test, PCR, and genomic Southern blotting. The results showed that the bar and pinII genes were co-integrated into the resistant plant genome. A bioassay of insect resistance in the second generation of individual lines of the transgenic plants showed that DBM larvae fed on transgenic leaves were severely stunted and had a higher mortality than those fed on the wild-type leaves.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

Cotyledon Black Decay (CBD) on soybean sprout mimics the black spot due to microbial infection. CBD, not visible or predictable at seedlot state, for some reason, shows up exclusively on cotyledon of soybean sprout during sprouting process. Such an incidence rate fluctuated from 0.8 to 19.5% over three years from 2004. We suspected some pod-infecting anthracnose fungi and/or pod-blight pathogen, or pod-sucking bean bug, one of the major pests of soybean, might have involved, of which we ruled out fungal pathogen because it was preventable through heat treatment, a proven method for seedlot disinfestation. The healthy seeds artificially fed by bean bug for one to seven days were sprouted, and 6 to 41% of the soybean sprout revealed the CBD mimic to those occurred in soybean sprout from previous commercial seedlot screening experiments. This finding is the first report to confirm that bean bug damage to pod at $R_8$ stage is directly responsible for the CBD, which did not concur with any other deleterious effects on sprouting such as reduction in hypocotyls elongation and rooting except unsightly sprout quality. However, earlier feeding either at green pod or greenish yellow pod stage ($R_6$ -early $R_7$ stage) resulted in rather severe damages, which strikingly reduced hypocotyls growth to about one forth to about two third, as well as the reduction in rates of seed germination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.450-460
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• 2020

The occurrence of exotic weeds and their influx into farmlands due to climate change poses many problems. Therefore, it is necessary to generate a prediction model for the occurrence pattern of these exotic weeds based on scientific evidence and devise prevention measures. The photosynthetic apparatus is known as the most temperature-sensitive component of a plant cell and its initial response to temperature stress is to inhibit the activation of photosystem II. This study investigated the potential of OJIP transients in assessing temperature stress in exotic weeds. The four exotic weeds currently flowing into Korean farmlands include Amaranthus spinosus, Conyza bonariensis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, and Amaranthus viridis. These weeds were treated at 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃ and the OJIP curves and JIP parameters were measured and analyzed. The results showed that heat and chilling stress affected the photosystem II(PSII) electron transport of A. spinosus, whereas C. crepidioides and A. viridis were more affected by high-temperature stress than by low-temperature stress. Lastly, C. bonariensis showed resistance to both high and low-temperature stress. The results of this study suggest that OJIP transients and JIP parameters can be used to analyze damage to the photosynthetic apparatus by temperature stress and that they can serve as sensitive indicators for the occurrence pattern of exotic weeds.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.316-325
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• 2017

Background: Ginseng essence (GE) is a formulation comprising four medicinal and edible herbs including ginseng (Panax ginseng), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), and lily bulb (Lilium longiflorum). This study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of GE against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: We treated Wistar rats daily with low, medium, and high [0.625 g/kg body weight (bw), 1.25 g/kg bw, and 3.125 g/kg bw, respectively] doses of GE for 9 wk. After the 1st wk of treatment, rats were administered 20% $CCl_4$ (1.5 mL/kg bw) two times a week to induce liver damage until the treatment ended. Results: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GE ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and albumin decline in $CCl_4$-treated rats. Moreover, $CCl_4$-induced accumulation of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride was inhibited. The hepatoprotective effects of GE involved enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In addition, histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining showed that GE inhibited $CCl_4$-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin indicated that $CCl_4$-triggered activation of hepatic stellate cells was reduced. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GE improves $CCl_4$-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GE could be a promising hepatoprotective herbal formulation for future development of phytotherapy.