• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2022

For high quality bread wheat production in Korea, it is necessary to develop optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer methods. For optimal N fertilizer, we evaluated the alteration of growth, yield, yield components and end-use qualities according to the treatment of N fertilizer amounts and timings at heading stages. Growth, yield, yield components, and end-use quality weren't altered by various timings of N fertilizer treatment conditions whereas, 1,000 grain weight and lodging degree was increased by increasing amounts of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 days after heading (7 DAH). Especially, lodging degree was significantly increased by 6kg/10a of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 DAH. The flour protein contents increased by various amounts of N fertilizer treatment conditions. However, SDS-sedimentation and bread loaf volumes were decreased by exceeding 6kg/10a of N fertilizer treatment conditions at 7 DAH. When considering the quality of bread, 6kg/10a N fertilizer treatment is best, but 3kg/10a N fertilizer treatment is more suitable for both quality and lodging at 7 DAH. Therefore, it is preferable to fertilize 3kg/10a of nitrogen at 7 DAH in addition to standard fertilizer when cultivate bread wheat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 1986

The measurement of angled erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as a replacement for perpendicular ESR, for cattle blood was scrutinized since it has been well known that perpendicular ESR in cattle is too slow to be adopted as an effective clinical test. Samples of blood were taken from 186 Korean native cattle over 2 years old. The results obtained in the experiment were summarized as follows. 1. Average values of perpendicular ESR/24hrs in 15 apparently healthy cattle, as measured by Wintrobe, Westergren and capillary tubes, were $5.8{\pm}2.2$, $11.1{\pm}3.7$ and $10.4{\pm}4.5%$ respectively, which were found to be similar to the values of perpendicular ESR/hr of normal blood of human. 2. The ESR was determined in the tubes held at 90, 75, 60, 45, 30 and 15-degree angles, using 3 types of tubes. For the diagnostic purposes, the best results were obtained from the tubes held at 45-degree angle. 3. The angled ESR values increased as the diameters of the tube-bores decreased. 4. The tube length did not affect the angled ESR(%). 5. The angled ESR values increased with the increased environmental temperature during the ESR measurement. 6. The storage temperature at $5^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$, of the blood for 24 hours did not affect the angled ESR. 7. Samples of blood were treated with 4 kinds of anticoagulants (heparin, $K_2$-EDTA, double oxalate and sodium citrate) and the ESR was determined at 45-degree angle, using capillary hematocrit tubes. The ESR values were higher in the blood samples treated with sodium citrate than in those treated with other anticoagulants. 8. By using the autologous plasma, the PCV was adjusted to be 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml/100ml and the ESR was determined in the capillary hematocrit and Wintrobe tubes held at 45 degrees. In both of the methods the ESRs increased as the values of PCV decreased. The regressions of ESR to PCV in both 45-degree-angled capillary and Wintrobe tubes were curvilinear. For the capillary hematocrit tubes the second degree polynomial $Y=61.9779-2.3533x+0.0228x^2$ (r=0.9999) fits the data. And in the case of Wintrobe tubes the second degree polynomial $Y=27.9767-1.1314x-0.0117x^2$ (r=0.9998) fits the data. 9. The 45-degree angled ESR was determined in the blood of 71 healthy Korean native cows using capillary hematocrit tubes. The average PCV was $35.4{\pm}3.6ml/100ml$. The observed ESR/hr averaged $7.2{\pm}2.7%$, while the corrected ESR/hr to a PCV of 36ml/100ml averaged $6.6{\pm}1.3%$. From these results it was concluded that to obtain the best results the ESR/hr of Korean native cattle should be determined at 45-degree angle at room temperature($20^{\circ}C$) using capillary hematocrit tubes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.643-650
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research the effect of walking exercise with acaiberry ingestion for 8 weeks on inflammatory markers of middle age women. The participators were aging from 40 to 50 aging healthy women. The first group is classified to ingest acaiberry(AB), the second group is classified to walking exercise with acaiberry ingestion(WE+AB), and third group is classified to just walking exercise(WE). The program was doing walking exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Acaiberry ingestion is after walking exercise for 8 weeks. The amount of the acaiberry is 5g acaiberry dilutes with 100mg water to inhale before breakfast and dinner to monitor CRP of each group before ingest acaiberry and 8 weeks later how to change CRP and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, all of three groups such as: acaiberry ingestion group, walking exercise with acaiberry ingestion group, and just walking exercise group, has positive effect with WBC(white blood cell), Albumin, ESR(erythrocyte sedimentation rate), CRP(C-reactive protein), but Albumin increases very small amount of gaze. Therefore, this study has no longer period time for research, and in the future there should be more concrete and various studies, such as adding more exercise of method, intensity, and measure of ingestion for supporting this study.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.155-172
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• 2015

In this study, a complete set of recirculating cooling water system and the required instruments were built in a semi-industrial-scale and a 50 g/h ozone generation plant and a chlorine system were designed for cooling water treatment. Both chlorination and ozonation treatment methods were studied and the results were analyzed during two 45-days periods. The concentrations of ozone and chlorine in recirculating water were constant at 0.1 mg/lit and 0.6 mg/lit, respectively. In ozone treatment, by increasing the concentration cycle to 33%, the total water consumption decreased by 26% while 11.5% higher energy efficiency achieved thanks to a better elimination of bio-films. In case of Carbon Steel, the corrosion rate reached to 0.012 mm/yr and 0.025 mm/yr for the ozonation and chlorination processes, respectively. Furthermore, consumptions of the anti-corrosion and anti-sedimentation materials in the ozone cooling water treatment were reduced about 60% without using any oxidant and non-oxidant biocides. No significant changes in sediment load were seen in ozonation compared to chlorination. The Chemical Oxygen Demand of the blow-down in ozonation method decreased to one-sixth of that in the chlorination method. Moreover, the soluble iron and water turbidity in the ozonation method were reduced by 97.5% and 70%, respectively. Although no anaerobic bacteria were seen in the cooling water at the proper concentration range of ozone and chlorine, the aerobic bacteria in chlorine and ozone treatment methods were 900 and 200 CFU/ml, respectively. The results showed that the payback time for the ozone treatment is about 2.6 years.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2014

Recently, more attention has been paid to the geomorphological changes in the Nakdong River Estuary, because those changes are caused by artificial activities including weirs, reclamation and construction. In order to analyze quantitatively the recent geomorphological variability in the Nakdong River Estuary, we surveyed the depth and elevation of submarine topography near Jinwoodo and Sinjado from March 2007 to February 2012. A statistical method (based on Digital Shoreline Analysis System) and an Empirical Orthogonal Functions method were used to evaluate the morphological changes. According to the statistical variables (DCE, NDC, EPR, LRR), the highest amount and rate of accumulation were recorded around the Gadeokdo whereas the greatest amount of erosion appeared around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado. In particular, a dynamic variation of morphology was clearly observed in the vicinity of the sub-tidal channel located between Jinwoodo and Sinjado, which seems to be attributable to channel migration. As a result of the EOF method, the first mode (48.7%) is most closely related to the pattern of morphological variability that might be associated with the westerly movement of sediment by longshore current. The spatial variability of the second mode (16.6%) was high in the shoreface of Sinjado, showing a 4-year periodicity of temporal variability. The strong correlation (coefficient 0.73) between the time coefficient and suspended sediment discharge from Nakdong River emphasizes the role of sediment discharge to deposition in this area. The spatial variability of the third mode (11.3%) was distributed mainly around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado, which is related to the movement of the coastline of Sinjado. Based on the last 5 year's data, our results suggest that the study area is characterized on the whole by a depositional pattern, but the extent of sedimentation is different locally.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1982

Natural zeolite rock was pulverized and dispersed in water. Clay fraction was collected by sedimentation method. The dominant clay mineral was Clinoptiolite with some Mordenite and Smectite. $P^{32}$ adsorption on Na-zeolite was determined in different ionic strengths using $P^{32}$ isotope by sludge method. The lower the pH of suspension, the longer the contact time, and the more the amount of zeolite, the more inorganic P was adsorbed by Na-zeolite, whereas the more P adsorption per unit gram of zeolite was observed at a 100mg addition than a 200mg in same volume of P-NaCl solution (20ml), indicating that the whole positively charged surface of Na-zeolite was not occupied by inorganic P. Furthermore, the more P adsorption on Na-zeolite was observed in higher ionic strength than in the lower. The maximum P adsorption on Na-zeolite was about 1me/g, and the zero point charge (ZPC) is assumed to be below pH 3.7.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 2018

It is difficult to count colonial cyanobacteria Microcystis cells since the thickness of colonies is constrained by amorphous mucilage, making it impossible to estimate the number of cells. Disaggregation of Microcystis colonies into single cell is needed to improve the accuracy and precision of cell density estimation of naturally collected samples. Uultrasonic treatment method is commonly used owing to the simplicity and immediacy of the procedure. However, amplitude, frequency, and duration of ultrasonic treatment also cause cell loss during the experiment. Optimal ultrasonic treatment has not been standardized yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate optimal ultrasonic treatment by analyzing cell density and colony numbers. We collected colonial Microcystis from Changnyeong-Haman weir area in Nakdong River during harmful algal boom period from September to October in 2017. Ultrasonic treatment method was applied to disrupt colonies into single cells to enumerate cell density. Among treatment conditions, results from continuously treated for 100 seconds were found to be the optimum to reduce colonies to a suspension of single cell without cell losses under high and low density of Microcystis cells. Lugol iodine fixed cells followed by sonication showed less negative impact of cell damage within the optimal treatment time (100 seconds). Furthermore, disaggregated cells treated by sonication enables microscopic observation more easily since gas vacuoles were collapsed to facilitate sedimentation of cells under the counting chamber for quantitative enumeration of buoyant Microcystis cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-270
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• 1994

To evaluate the status of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis of the inhabitants near Talchongang (River) in Chungwon-gun, Chungchongbuk-do, the stools of 67 inhabitants were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation method from August to September, 1993. Also freshwater knish caught in Talchongang were examined by slide compression method. The e99 positive cases of Clonorchis sinenis and Metasonimus sp. were 22 (32.8%), and 14 (20.9%), respectively. Of 17 species of examined fish, 14 species were infected with C. sinensis and 13 species with Metagonimus sp. The adult worm collected from 2 patients after treatment with praziquantel was Metosoninur Miyata type. Also the adult worm obtained from the experimental mice infected with metacercariae from Zacco plntwpus was Metafonimus Miyata type. We found the highly endemic area of clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis along Talchongang.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1997

3Y-TZP/SUS316 Functionally Graded Material (FGM) was fabricated by slip casting method. Alumina mold was used to overcome problems of gypsum mold in slip casting process, and the optimal dispersion con-ditions of 3Y-TZP/SUS316 binary slurries was determined using electrokinetic sonic amplitude and a viscometer, and observing sedimentation behavior. The properties of the specimens casted by gypsum mold and alumina mold were compared in terms of changes in shrinkage rate, drying and sintering conditions, and microstructure. It was found that the specimens obtaine from the alumina mold showed a clean surface, easier thickness control of each layer, and higher productivity. Especially, no degradation was observed in the SUS316 prepared using alumina mold. Thus it is desirable to use porous alumina mold rather than gyp-sum mold for the slip casting of 3Y-TZP/SUS316-FGM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.329-336
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• 1986

This survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the internal parasites of Holstein cattle rearing in western Gyeongnam including Chinyang, Sachun, Namhae, Hadong, Sanchung, Hamyang, Geochang and Hapchun Area(Gun). A total of eight hundred and twenty five heads of Holstein cattle was randomly selected for the faecal examinations and the internal parasitisms were examined by floatation method using saturated salt solution and sedimentation method using 0.5% trio-soap solution. The relults obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The overall rate of internal parasite infections was 67.2% with infection of 554 cases and the non-infected rate was 32.8% with 271 cases from the total number of 825 samples. 2. A total fourteen species of parasites was identified from 825 faecal samples of Holstein cattle and the infection rate of each species of parasites was 3.0% in Haemonchus contortus, 2.7% in Cooperia spp., 1.8% in Bunostomum phlebotomum, 1.6% in Oesophagostomum radiatum, 1.2% in Ostertagia ostertagi, 1.0% in Trichuris bovis, 0.8% in Strongyloides papillsus, 0.4% in Nematodirus spp., 0.1% in Trichostrongylus spp., 57.3% in Paramohistomum spp., 31.2% in Fasciola hepatica, 0.6% in Eurytrema pancreaticum, 0.7% in Moniezia expansa and 5.1% in Eimeria spp. 3. The combined infection of internal parasites was 38.1% in single species, 27.0% in double and 2.1% in triple infections. 4. The EPG levels of each species of parasites were very low in all infected cases except trematodes showing no clinical symptoms.