• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This paper proposes to improve the performance of a strap down inertial navigation system using a foot-mounted low-cost inertial measurement unit/magnetometer by configuring an attitude and heading reference system. To track position accurately and for attitude estimations, considering different dynamic constraints, magnetic measurement and a zero velocity update technique is used. A conventional strap down method based on integrating angular rate to determine attitude will inevitably induce long-term drift, while magnetometers are subject to short-term orientation errors. To eliminate this accumulative error, and thus, use the navigation system for a long-duration mission, a hybrid configuration by integrating a miniature micro electromechanical system (MEMS)-based attitude and heading detector with the conventional navigation system is proposed in this paper. The attitude and heading detector is composed of three-axis MEMS accelerometers and three-axis MEMS magnetometers. With an absolute algorithm based on gravity and Earth's magnetic field, rather than an integral algorithm, the attitude detector can obtain an absolute attitude and heading estimation without drift errors, so it can be used to adjust the attitude and orientation of the strap down system. Finally, we verify (by both formula analysis and from test results) that the accumulative errors are effectively eliminated via this hybrid scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권E호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1996

In this review, the significance of terrestrial ecosystems in the global sulfur budget has been reviewed based on the currently available databases covering the topic. In the section 1, we describe our current understanding of natural sulfur cycle in relation to most well-known natural reservoir, oceanic environment. The sections 2 and 3 provide the fundamental pictures of the rerrestrial sulfur cycle with respect to the relative importance of its individe the fundamental pictures of the terrestrial sulfur cycle with respect to the section 3, previously reported flux values for several major sulfur gases are presented for each reservoir and are intercompared to derive representative fluxes for the respective environment. In the section 4, source mechanisms for volatile sulfur species are dealt for both microscale and macroscale processes leading to their productions. In the section 5, environmental factors controlling the exchange of biogenic sulfur gases across the air-surface have been discussed. In the section 6, environmental fate of sulfur gases released into the atmosphere has been described. Finally in tie section 7, as concluding remarksm we discuss directions and suggestions to overcome various limitations encountered from previous measurement investigations of natural sulfur cycle in diverse natural ecological systems.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2022

For carbon neutrality, direct-injection hydrogen engines are attracting attention as a future power source. It is essential to estimate the transient injection rate of hydrogen for the optimization of hydrogen injection in direct injection engines. However, conventional injection rate measurement techniques for liquid fuels based on the injection-induced fuel pressure change in a test section are difficult to be applied to gaseous fuels due to the compressibility of the gas and the sealing issue of the components. In this study, a momentum flux measurement technique is introduced to obtain the transient injection rate of gaseous fuels using a force sensor. The injection rate calculation models associated with the momentum flux measurement technique are presented first. Then, the volumetric injection rates are estimated based on the momentum flux data and the calculation models and compared with those measured by a volumetric flow rate meter. The results showed that the momentum flux measurement can detect the injection start and end timings and the transient and steady regimes of the fuel injection. However, the estimated volumetric injection rates showed a large difference from the measured injection rates. An alternative method is suggested that corrects the estimated injection rate results based on the measured mean volumetric flow rates.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 구조물 유지관리에서의 정확한 미세먼지 농도 계측을 위한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하고 검증한다. 기존 광산란법 미세먼지 측정기의 측정 오차를 보완하기 위해 초음파 다중 산란 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 산란자의 배치와 산란 반경을 구현하기 위해 표준입자 및 실제 미세먼지의 SEM 촬영을 진행하였다, 초음파 다중 산란 이론식을 통해 초음파 신호의 주파수별 감쇠율과 산란 반경으로 미세먼지의 개수밀도를 나타내는 알고리즘을 도출하였고, 이론식과 수치해석을 통해 총 12가지의 미세먼지 형상에 대한 산란 반경을 도출하였다. 유한차분법을 기반으로 다중 산란 이론을 적용한 2-D 시간 이력 해석을 통하여 알고리즘을 검증하였으며, 신호 해석을 위한 신호 처리 기법을 나타내었다. 결과, 산란 반경에 해당하는 알고리즘의 오차는 개수밀도 단위 최소 19(1%), 최대 3455(52%)로 계산되었다. 산란반경 외에 실제 미세먼지 형상에 대한 부피를 반영하여야 하는 추후 연구가 필요함을 토의하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-158
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• 2015

The characteristics of the coherence functions of X axial, Y axial, and RZ axial (i.e., body axis) wind forces on the Shanghai World Trade Centre - a 492 m super-tall building with section varying along height are studied via a synchronous multi-pressure measurement of the rigid model in wind tunnel simulating of the turbulent, and the corresponding mathematical expressions are proposed there from. The investigations show that the mathematical expressions of coherence functions in across-wind and torsional-wind directions can be constructed by superimposition of a modified exponential decay function and a peak function caused by turbulent flow and vortex shedding respectively, while that in along-wind direction need only be constructed by the former, similar to that of wind speed. Moreover, an inductive analysis method is proposed to summarize the fitted parameters of the wind force coherence functions of every two measurement levels of altitudes. The comparisons of the first three order generalized force spectra show that the proposed mathematical expressions accord with the experimental results well. Later, the influences of coherence functions on wind-induced dynamic responses are analyzed in detail based on the proposed mathematical expressions and the frequency-domain method of random vibration theory.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.197-198
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• 2022

Based on the carbonation depth measurement by the indicator for concrete collected from old structures and the quantitative analysis of Ca(OH)₂ and CO₂ in the carbonation section before and after the carbonation depth and in the non-carbonation section, the absorbable CO2 amount and carbonation degree measurement result is as follows 1) The carbonation depth of the 40-year-old reinforced concrete structure was measured to be about 22 mm. (basement interior wall, marble finish, strength 30MPa) 2) The amount of CO₂ absorbed by the concrete was about 4.3% of the sample weight, and the carbonation degree was estimated to be about 53%.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-78
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• 2006

This study materializes body type measurement based on ISO(International Standard Organization)size system, targeting 1381 Chinese women, and suggests clothes size standards. It provides basic information on Chinese women size for Korean clothes companies advanced in China to strengthen the national competitiveness of Korean clothing industry. First, after the body type examination, based on the ISO's drop value, the results of types are in its decreasing order: A, M, H, and D. Second, women upper garment sizes by body types are set in the section of height 152cm, 160cm, and 168cm. Garment sizes are suggested based on the section that has more than 0.8% of appearance rate for the survey target: A, H, and M. Third, the clothes sizes of women pants are set in the section of height 152cm, 160cm, and 168cm just with the same as the upper garment.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Damage detection algorithms based on a one-dimensional beam model can detect damage within a beam span caused by flexure only but cannot detect damage at a joint with prescribed boundary conditions or at the middle part of a beam section where the neutral axis is located. Considering the damage at a welded joint of beam elements in steel structures and modeling the damage with twodimensional plane elements, this study presents a new approach to detecting damage in the depth direction of the joint and beam section. Three damage scenarios at the upper, middle, and lower parts of a welded joint of a rectangular symmetric section are investigated. The damage is detected by evaluating the difference in the receptance magnitude between the undamaged and damaged states. This study also investigates the effect of measurement locations and noise on the capability of the method in detecting damage. The numerical results show the validity of the proposed method in detecting damage at the beam's welded joint.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.447-461
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a torso pattern that is highly representative for the proper body shape of women in their thirties. Size data of the women with age of 30 through 39 from the database of Size Korea 2004 were used for the study. In order to develop a master pattern which will be used as the benchmark for grading of research group, 4 existing torso block drafting methods were compared based on the data gathered and the block with the highest evaluation score was utilized as a reference point. For the analysis, data was divided into four types, only the data of 138 subjects which were evaluated at least by four or more experts as valid were used for the study. The major results can be summarized as follow. The women of bust girth of 91cm and height of 160cm which was turned out to be representative type of research group were used as standard measurement for the purpose of reflecting not only curve length of the 3D analysis measurement but also the difference between front and back thickness to the pattern. Dart locations were set based on front and back torso ease, shoulder area revisions, front sagging length 1.5cm and cross section crevice length analysis. According to the experts' appearance evaluation of the pattern was found to be better than the control pattern which was regarded as the best among 4 patterns created based on existing torso block drafting methods.

• 정보학연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2006

We will can do quality of measurement of service that thing is quite abstract concept. Generally, we speak Service of quality that property of a product, usability of use, social quality requirement to a quality of service by wide meaning. A purpose of this study was comparison regarding a way to measure of service quality, and in the insufficient section there was anything, and progress of model study of service left no matter how much focus to it. There is comparative study a few progress of literature of a PZB, SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, model. Desarbo, Huff, Rolandelli, & Choi, (1994: 125-131) proposed that to solve the above model contradiction point, and Presentation called a plan based on to Conjoint analysis. There is Critical point to decide on priority order of proposed model of service measurement. This study has a lot of the pieces which are short by absence of empirical study, but will make a supplementation in next term study.