• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix) has been widely used as a dietary ingredient and traditional herbal medicine such as diuretic, hyperlipidemia, antibacterial, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, the isolation of biomarkers or bioactive compounds from complex S. baicalensis extracts represents an essential step for de novo identification and bioactivity assessment. The bioactive fraction consisted of eight compounds which was chromatographed on an analytical high performance liquid chromatography column using two different gradient runs. A simulative replacement of the analytical column with a medium pressure liquid chromatography and open column allowed the determination of gradient profile to allow sufficient separation in the preparative scale. From the optimized method, eight standard compounds have been identified in the fractions. In addition, MS, UV, HRMS detection was provided by ultraperformance liquid chromatographyequadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS) of all fractions. Therefore, this scale up procedure was successfully applied to a S. baicalensis extract.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2011

Agrobacterium rhizogenes, a gram-negative soil bacterium, is one of the most widely studied among them. A, rhizogenes can transfer T-DNA, excised from Ri (root inducing)-plasmids from the bacterial to the plant cell. It is the causal agent of 'hairy root' diseases in plants, and has been used for the production of hairy root cultures from a multitude of species. Five different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes differed in their ability to induce Scutellaria baicalensis hairy roots and also showed varying effects on the growth in hairy root cultures. A. rhizogenes R 1000 is the most effective strain for the induction (57.3%) and growth (11.9 g $L^{-1}$) in hairy root of Scutellaria baicalensis. Our results demonstrate that use of suitable strains of A. rhizogenes may allow study of the regulation of flavone biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.737-740
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• 2000

Two groups of bacteria, harmful and useful bacteria, coexist in our body. Harmful bacteria and free radicals which cause many diseases and agings could be controlled by not synthetic materials but natural products. 50 kinds of natural products were searched for this purpose, some of them expressed bacterial controlling ability. Clostridium difficle was controlled by Paeonia Japonica and Lycii Fructus, etc., Clostridium perfringens was inhibited by Scutellaria Baicalensis and Astragali Radix, etc., and same way, Listeria monocytogenes; Paeonia Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis, E. coli; Scutellaria Baicalensis and Schizandrae Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus; Paeonla Japonica and Scutellaria Baicalensis, Streptococcus mutans; Coptis Rhizoma, respectively. These natural products will play an important role in bio-Industry.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

Optimal feeding strategies in bioreactor operation of Scutellaria baicalensis G. plant cell culture were investigated to maximize the production of flavone glycosides by using a structured kinetic model which can predict culture growth and flavone glycosides synthesis in a rigorous, quantitative manner. For the production of baicalin and wogonin-7-0-GA, the strategies for glucose feeding into Scutellaria baicalensis G. plant cell culture were proposed based on the model, which are a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability and of specific production rate respectively, and a perfusion operation with maintenance of specific production rate for baicalin and wogonin-7-0-GA. Simulation results showed that the highest volumetric concentration of flavone glycosides was obtained in a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability among all the suggested strategies. In the periodic fed-batch operations, the higher volumetric production of flavone glycosides was achieved compared with that in the perfusion operation. It can be concluded that a periodic fed-batch operation with maintenance of cell viability would be the optimal and practical operating strategy of Scutellaris baicalensis G. plant cell culture for the production of flavone glycosides.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.118-127
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods 6-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis induced group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (PEAT), and Scutellaria baicalensis extract administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (SBT). Seven animals were assigned for each group. After drug administration for 3 weeks after inducing atopic dermatitis, Claudin and 8-OHdG were observed to confirm the recovery of the skin damage in each group. To confirm ECS regulation, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, Fc ε receptor, and MMP-9 was observed. Results Claudin positive reaction was significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. 8-OHdG positive reaction was significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive responses were significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Fc ε receptor and MMP-9 positivity were significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Scutellaria baicalensis extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.372-379
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• 2014

Methanol extract (1.0 wt%) of Scutellaria baicalensis George satisfied preservation standard of CTFA (The Cosmetics, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli which were inoculated in skin lotion. Even at a low concentration (0.01 wt%) the extract showed high superoxide dismutase-like activity. The CTFA standard could also be satisfied for the above four strains when methanol extract of Liriope platyphylla were combined with the 1.0 wt% extract of S. baicalensis George. This result suggests that extract of L. platyphylla does not hinder the preservation activity of S. baicalensis George. Moreover, skin moisture content could be maintained for 6 hours after the application of a cream containing the extract of L. platyphylla.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

It was previously reported that yeast elicitor transiently increased oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Scutellaria baicalensis suspension cultures and also doubled phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) activity. Thus, $PLA_2$ was purified from the soluble fractions of S. baicalensis suspension cultures and the characters of the purified $PLA_2$ were identified. The $PLA_2$ was purified about 160 times compared with the starting soluble-protein extract from S. baicalensis suspension culture cells. The purified protein showed a molecular mass of about 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified plant $PLA_2$ had a neutral pH optimum (pH 7.0) and required $Ca^{2+}$ for activity. The $PLA_2$ activity was inhibited by mammalian $PLA_2$ inhibitors such as 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid(ETYA) and arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone ($AACOCF_3$).

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2006

A transformed hairy root clone of Scutellaria baicalensis was established following infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. Three root clones of S baicalensis were selected by growth habit and baicalin content. The most active strain-the SR-03 clone-was examined for its growth and baicalin content under various culture conditions. The root growth and baicalin content were maximized in a Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 4 and 6% sucrose, respectively. The accumulation of baicalin in transformed hairy roots was enhanced through exposure to various elicitors. Elicitation was attained by the addition of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and various concentrations of fungal cell wall elicitors to the medium. The accumulation of baicalin in the elicited cultures ranged from 10.5 to 18.3 mg/g dry weight of the roots, which was 1.5- to 3-fold the amount attained in controls.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 1999

A simple, accurate and reproducible Capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay has been developed for the determination of baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and chrysin in Scutellaria baicalensis. Successful separation of these compounds has been obtained in 35 mM phosphate butter (pH 7.0) using a untreated fused silica capillary ($57{\;}cm{\times}75{\;}{\mutextrm{m}}$ i.d.) at $25^{\circ}C$ with the electric field of 19kV. Baicalin, baicalein wogonin and chrysin was separated and detected at 280 nm 13 min. The detection limits of CE were acceptable compared to HPLC. Reproducibilities of migration time and peak area were 0.66~1.11% (within-run), 2.18~3.38% (between-run) and 3.50~4.55% (within-run), 3.97~4.82%(between-run) at CE. The results indicate that CE could be a promising technique for quality and quantity control analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis as a validation method.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2012

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been known to be able to clear away heat and remove dampness, was used for febrile disease. It is now clear that Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play major roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined whether Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi suppress the AGE mediated inflammatory responses in the THP-1 cells. AGE treatment increased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis revealed that S. baicalensis had inhibitory effects on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and protein levels in AGE-treated THP-1 cells. S. baicalensis had also reduced the production of ROS in the AGE-treated THP-1 cells. These results suggest that S. baicalensis has inhibitory effects for the development of diabetic vascular complication.