• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2017

The increase in the number of mud shrimps Upogebia major is a concern because of their negative effects on shellfish aquaculture, including Manila clam Venerupis philippinatum along the west coast of Korea. This study developed a behavioral analysis system for aquatic animals using a set of monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) modules covering the visible light range at similar intervals. Movements of mud shrimp were monitored using a tracking system under illumination with infra-red light and an LED of 660 nm wavelength without provoking stimulation. The minimum light intensity needed to induce a photoresponse by the mud shrimp was $10{\mu}mole/m^2/s$ under the conditions tested. Of the six kinds of LED illuminations tested, the most sensitive response was obtained with illumination with the 505 nm LED, followed in order by LEDs with peak wavelengths of $525nm{\fallingdotseq}465nm$ > $405nm{\fallingdotseq}590nm$ > 660 nm. These findings should help to identify LED sources that efficiently induce movement of the mud shrimp and also for monitoring movement without stimulating.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

Public concern on the methods of raising food-producing animals has increased, especially in the last two decades, leading to voluntary and mandated changes in the animal production methods. The primary objective of these changes is to improve the welfare of farm animals. The use of gestational stalls is currently a major welfare issue in swine production. Several studies assessed the welfare of alternative housing systems for gestating sows. A comparative study was performed with gestating sows housed in either individual stalls or in groups in a pen with an electronic sow feeder. This review assessed the welfare of each housing system using physiological, behavioral, and reproductive performance criteria. The current review identified clear advantages and disadvantages of each housing system. Individual stall housing allowed each sow to be given an individually tailored diet without competition, but the sows had behavioral restrictions and showed stereotypical behaviors (e.g., bar biting, nosing, palate grinding, etc.). Group-housed sows had increased opportunities to display such behavior (e.g., ability to move around and social interactions); however, a higher prevalence of aggressive behavior, especially first mixing in static group type, caused a negative impact on longevity (more body lesions, scratch and bite injuries, and lameness, especially in subordinate sows). Conclusively, a more segmented and diversified welfare assessment could be beneficial for a precise evaluation of each housing system for sows. Further efforts should be made to reduce aggression-driven injuries and design housing systems (feeding regimen, floor, bedding, etc.) to improve the welfare of group-housed sows.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2009

Verification of programmable logic controller (PLC) programs written in IEC 61131-3 function block diagram (FBD) is essential in the transition from the use of traditional relay-based analog systems to PLC-based digital systems. This paper describes effective use of the well-known verification tool VIS for automatic verification of behavioral equivalences between successive FBD revisions. We formally defined FBD semantics as a state-transition system, developed semantic-preserving translation rules from FBD to Verilog programs, implemented a software tool to support the process, and conducted a case study on a subset of FBDs for APR-1400 reactor protection system design.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2023

The corazonin (Crz) gene showed two subtypes of different length at laval and pupal stage. The long subtype fade out in adult central nerve system (CNS) but the short one survive through all the life cycle from larva to adult. The short subtype has the same base sequences with mature Crz mRNA and detected in both brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC). The long one, on the contrary, was detected only in the brain tissue. As observed in above results, Crz neurons develop in different pattern in the CNS of scuttle fly and the Crz gene expresses two different subtypes. These results suggest that this neurotransmitter may perform differential neurophysiological functions in the scuttle fly. Variation in the amino acid composition of the final active undecapeptide supports in strong those possibilities. We expect further studies on the relationship between neurophysiological functions of Crz and behavioral characteristics of the scuttle fly.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-30
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• 2013

The concept of resilience in complex and adaptive socio-economic systems, has been a buzz word in international societies and academies related to policy makers for sustainable development since some years ago. This paper deals with an application of the resilient concept, which has been told since the last some decades in the field of ecology and applied system sciences, to social science especially in system dynamics. First the author introduces the concept of equilibrium stability and resilience in simple dynamic models, and moreover provides the behavioral characteristics and examples of system resilience in terms of system dynamics. The concept of resilience in structural perspectives are also discussed with the topics of panarchy and adaptive renewal cycles, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2002

A behavioral investigation in deer equipped with EMG telemetry system was carried out to examine the chewing behavior pattern for efficient feeding management of Korean spotted deer(Cervus nippon). There was more frequent and irregular eating and rumination behavior pattern in deer than those in other ruminants. Time spent on eating and ruminating was 261 and 291 min., respectively. Total number of boli regurgitated was 647 times per a day and deer regurgitated an average boil of 21.6 times per a rumination period. Total rumination time was 291 min. and deer have an average rumination time of 26.9 sec. per a boli. Deer had 245.3 min. for total chewing time, 20,405 times fur number of chews, 31.5 times for number of chews per bolus, and 53.4 times for number of chews per minute during rumination period. An average regurgitation bolus an hour was lower with 15.3 numbers in the 09∼15 hours subperiod and higher with 26 numbers in the 15∼21 hours subperiod and it had been gradually trended to become to low after 15∼21 hours subperiod. An average numbers of chews a bolus at every 6 hours subperiod increased gradually according to time. A deer spent 23.3 min. on eating and 26.2 min. on ruminating per 100g ingested dry matter. Consequently, since deer have a different chewing behavioral pattern to other ruminants such as more frequent and irregular eating and ruminating patterns, small bolus and low number of chew, it is likely to needed to establishment and development efficient feeding system for deer.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

This study aims to verify a difference between the years 2014 and 2019 of Uiryeong-Gil, which is operated by the Visitor-Reservation System, in terms of the cognition of system, operational effectiveness, and behavioral intention. The analysis is as follows. First, among the overall cognition of the Visitor-Reservation System, the satisfaction from - prevention for safety for accident, expansion to other parks, number of visitor restriction, and satisfaction with reservation method - increased compared to 2014. Second, among the effects of the Visitor-Reservation System operation, satisfaction shows differences in year-to-year levels in terms of resource protection, resource damage mitigation efficiency, natural experience opportunity, comfort of visit-environment, and prevention of illegal activities. Third, the analysis of the differences in the behavior of the Visitor-Reservation System showed that the satisfaction of visitors, revisit intention, and overall satisfaction differed per year. The results of this study are meaningful in that the Visitor-Reservation System is no longer the restriction, but the change in cognition for the protection of ecosystems and sustainable visiting in order to expand the Visitor-Reservation System into a sustainable policy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.758-769
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables basically through measure of motivation system about science learning. For this, 496 fourth-grade students and 425 eighth-grade students were required to accomplish a questionnaire on behavioral inhibition/activation system about science learning (SL-BIS/BAS), and self-efficacy. Based on these materials, SLBIS/BAS by student's variables and relations between the system to self-efficacy were analyzed. The result of this study shows the following:First, the sensitivity about SL-BIS in the eighth-grade was higher than in the fourth-grade. But sensitivity about SLBAS and self-efficacy in the eighth-grade was lower than in the fourth-grade Hence, the difference in sensitivity about SL-BIS/BAS agree with difference in motivation. Second, there were low negative correlation with SL-BIS and self-efficacy, and positive correlation with SL-BAS and self-efficacy. In addition, two systems account for 41% of self-efficacy, it showed that SL-BIS/BAS relates to self-efficacy. Through the results of this study, relations of motivation to related variables, and the motivation by student's variables were identified. These results would be helpful for teachers to understand the difference about motivation by students' variables and to make a plan for the appropriate strategies for learners.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2019

This study evaluated the effects of stocking density on performance and behavioral activities of 35-day-old broilers in relation to incandescent white bulb (IB) light and LED yellow and white light. A total of 1,650 day-old chicks were weighed and randomly allocated into six treatment groups in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement based on stocking density (14 birds m^-2 and 22 birds m^-2) and color of lights (IB; monochromatic LED yellow and white light) with five replicates for each treatment. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain and feed conversion of broilers were improved at a stocking density of 14 birds m^-2 with exposure to LED lights. Similarly, broilers spent more time exhibiting inactive behavior (e.g. standing) and active behaviors (e.g. walking and walking plus pecking) under 14 birds m^-2 with exposure to lights as compared that of other treatment groups. Regarding a stocking density of 22 birds m^-2, broilers performance traits were negatively affected and also activities were less. The performance of broilers was not significantly altered for the main factor of different lights but broilers were less inactive (e.g less time spent sitting plus standing) and more time spent active behavior in walking under IB light than LED light. Thus, we concluded that a stocking density 14 birds m^-2 with exposure to LED light significantly improved broiler performance and behavioral activity and these conditions could therefore improve the overall welfare of farmed chickens.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

Mobile agents have the unique ability to transport themselves from one system in a network to another. The ability to travel allows mobile agents to move to a system that contains services with which they want to interact and then to take advantage of being in the same host or network as the service. But most of conventional mobile agent systems require that the users or the programmer should give the mobile agent its detail behavioral script for accomplishing the given task. And during its runtime, such mobile agents just behave according to the fixed script given by its user. Therefore it is impossible that conventional mobile agents autonomously build their own plants and execute them in considering their ultimate goals and the dynamic world states. One way to overcome such limitations of conventional mobile agent systems is to develop an intelligent mobile agent system embedding a reactive planner. In this paper, we design both a model of agent mobility and a model of inter-agent communication based upon the representative reactive planning agent architecture called JAM. An then we develop an intelligent mobile agent system with reactive planning capability, IMAS, by implementing additional basic actions for agent moves and inter-agent communication within JAM according to the predefined models. Unlike conventional mobile agents. IMAS agents can be able to adapt their behaviors to the dynamic changes of their environments as well as build their own plans autonomously. Thus IMAS agents can show higher flexibility and robustness than the conventional ones.