• 기술혁신연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

It has been pointed out that the shortage of the Korean science and engineering workforce is a key issue in enterprises' competitiveness. The Korean government has conducted various surveys and research projects to determine the current situation and its causes. Nevertheless, the surveys report different results, and, to date, very few in-depth studies have been conducted on the factors that lead to such a shortage. This study aimed at investigating the factors that cause the shortage of the science and engineering workforce by looking at a recent survey on the actual employment conditions in manufacturing and major service industries. The study also estimated the determinant factors, based on the results of a survey conducted on 5,967 enterprises. Particularly, the probability of the workforce shortages are defined as a logistic probability function, which includes a diverse number of explanations that represent the characteristics of an enterprise and its internal demand conditions on workforce. The findings showed that key determinants include not only the factors that have been recognized by previous studies, but also research propensity and competitiveness aw well as the enterprises' internal demand conditions on human resources. In other words, an enterprise is more exposed to the problem of workforce shortage when it performs its R&D more proactively and its innovative activities are more organized. It has been further analyzed that the R&D and internal demand variables are more eminent to the shortage problem on skilled workers, which proves the shortage of workforce is not only caused by the quantitative aspect but also hold qualitative aspect characterized by skill obsolescence and mismatch in the labor market.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

This paper studies an optimal consumption and portfolio choice problem for unemployed people who have an option to work. Our problem is to find optimal consumption, risky investment, and workforce re-entry strategies for the unemployed. We find a closed form of the critical wealth level to re-enter the workforce. We show that the unemployed with a higher disutility of labor or a larger relative risk aversion are more reluctant to re-enter the workforce.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 공학인재 양성 현황을 파악하고자 하는 목적으로 고등학생들의 공과대학 진학 현황, 학부 및 대학원 공학교육 현황을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과 대학과 대학원에서 공학인력의 양적인 감소가 2003년 이후로는 현저하게 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나, 공학인재들이 공과대학 교육을 받은 후 의 치의학 전문대학원으로 진학하는 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 공학에 대한 관심과 흥미를 유발하는 프로그램들이 필요하며, 대학에서는 차별화 및 특성화된 공학교육 프로그램으로 경쟁력있는 공학인재를 양성하기 위한 정책과 지원이 필요하다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.640-648
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• 2022

In the United States, the Safety Rest Areas (SRAs) were introduced as highway roadside infrastructures in the early 1900s. The State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) operate/maintain their SRAs using different methods. The Washington DOT used the in-house workforce method for over 20 years, whereas some states moved to Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) from the in-house workforce to save cost primarily. Several existing studies claimed that using the PBC approach saved costs on several highway assets. Thus, the principal objective of this study is to compute and compare the unit operating/maintenance cost of SRAs using the in-house workforce method (in Washington state) with the PBC approach (in other states). The findings of this study show that the average annual cost using the PBC approach was much more than the average annual cost using the in-house workforce approach. The findings also show that in Washington state, the 'Labor Cost' category was a key expenditure, which is statistically higher than other categories. The 'Labor Cost' was followed by the 'Other Services', and then 'Materials and Supplies' and 'Equipment.' The study's findings indicated that outsourcing does not always save costs for agencies. The study findings may help transportation construction/maintenance professionals select a cost-effective approach for their future planning.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare and analysis researches related the promising career and job outlook and to provide the direction for job choice to engineering students. Literature review and expert council were used to achieve the objectives of study. The result of this study was analyzed that these jobs were promising, that is, environmental scientist and specialist, earth scientist and hydrologist(education and research related career), architecture and architectural engineer, civil engineer, landscape technician, land surveyor map production expert photo surveyor surveying technician(construction related career), material engineer (mechanics and material related career), mine and geology engineer(chemistry, fiber and environment related career), computer system design and analyst, system software engineer, application software engineer, web specialist, and computer support specialist (electrical and telecommunication related career) and food engineer(food related career). In addition, health silver specialist, bio biomedical engineer, renewable energy specialist etc. were promising by considering social and economic trend for demographic change like aging and green growth.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

This paper describes the optimization of maintenance workforce scheduling at Afam power station in Nigeria. The objective is to determine the optimum schedule to satisfy growing maintenance labour requirements with minimum cost and highest efficiency. Three alternative maintenance workforce schedules are compared. The first alternative is to continue with the traditional five-day workweek schedule currently being practiced by Afam power station maintenance line. The second alternative is to switch to a seven-day workweek schedule for the morning shift only. The third alternative is to use a seven-day workweek schedule for all three work shifts. The third alternative is chosen, as it is expected to save 11% of the maintenance labour cost.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2014

It is recent that STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education emerged as a great concern of the U.S. policy makers in terms of securing national and regional competitiveness. However, few attempts to embrace STEM education as a source for sustainable regional growth have been made mainly due to methodological challenges. This paper investigates the role of STEM education in achieving sustainable economic growth. For the purpose of the paper, a U.S. federal workforce development program named Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development (WIRED) in Southeastern Virginia that was implemented between 2007 and 2010 is selected and evaluated qualitatively. By identifying three themes as a result of three-stage coding methods, the evaluation results call for particular attention of local policy makers and key stakeholders to STEM education as a source of sustainable long-term economic growth in regions.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.21-45
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국가인적자원개발 체제로서 산업인력양성을 위한 직업교육이 국가 경제 및 산업, 사회문화적 맥락과 어떤 관련성을 갖고 변천 과정을 거쳤는지를 파악하였다. 첫째, 우리나라의 경제 환경, 산업발달, 사회 변화에 따라 산업인력양성 체제로서의 직업교육이 어떻게 변해왔는지, 둘째, 직업교육의 역할과 비중에 영향을 준 주요 요인들은 무엇인지, 셋째, 산업인력양성 체제로서의 직업교육과 이공계 인력양성은 국가인적자원개발 모형 관점에서 어떻게 다르게 변화했는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국내·외 학술지 논문, 연구보고서, 학위논문 등의 문헌을 조사하여 시대별로 구분하고 시대 별 경제, 산업, 사회적 이슈, 정책과 연관하여 직업교육의 주요 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 산업이 고도화되면서 직업교육의 수준은 높아지고 범위는 확장되는 양상을 보였다. 둘째, 직업교육은 제조업 산업 기반 이후 점점 축소되는 경향을 보였고 특히 중등직업교육은 경공업 중심의 국가 산업 이후 쇠퇴하는 경향을 보였다. 셋째, 1970년대 이후 산업의 고도화에 따른 국가인적자원개발의 다양화 및 직업의 다양화로 학력 수준에 따른 임금 격차가 생겼고 이는 대학교육에 대한 선호를 높여 중등직업교육을 기피하는 현상이 발생하게 되었다. 또한, 이공계 인력양성에 초점을 맞춘 국가인적자원개발 모형을 제안하여 직업교육 전반에 초점을 맞춘 기존 국가인적자원개발 모형을 비교하였고, 국가인적자원개발을 다양한 분야나 수준별로 세분화하여 모형을 도출하고 변화를 살펴볼 필요가 있음을 밝혔다. 연구 결과로부터 우리나라 직업교육, 특히 중등단계 직업교육은 경제 성장과 교육열, 외환위기와 같은 외부 충격에 의해 사회문화적 인식에 큰 영향을 받아 쇠퇴해 왔으며, 직업교육의 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 이러한 인식을 바꾸려는 장기적 노력이 필요함을 시사점으로 제시하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.150-153
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• 2015

The construction industry is an integral part of any nation's economy, whether measured by dollar volume or workforce size. In spite of its strong influence, there has been very little specifically aimed at evaluating the current industry performance. This research investigates the macroeconomic performance of the construction industry by accounting for crucial performance affecting factors such as labor productivity and gross margin. A clustering analysis, followed by a series of statistical analyses, yielded a notable finding that labor productivity is the most important factor that affects industry's profitability. The results of the analysis also revealed that the states with the strongest labor productivity show the highest level of profitability in terms of gross margin. This study should be of value to decision-makers when plotting a roadmap for future growth and rendering a strategic business decision.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.717-723
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• 2019

Smart systems and services aim to facilitate growing urban populations and their prospects of virtual-real social behaviors, gig economies, factory automation, knowledge-based workforce, integrated societies, modern living, among many more. To satisfy these objectives, smart systems and services must comprises of a complex set of features such as security, ease of use and user friendliness, manageability, scalability, adaptivity, intelligent behavior, and personalization. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) is realized as a data-driven technology to provide an efficient knowledge representation, semantic modeling, and can support a cognitive behavior aspect of the system. In this paper, an integration of AI with the smart systems and services is presented to mitigate the existing challenges. Several novel researches work in terms of frameworks, architectures, paradigms, and algorithms are discussed to provide possible solutions against the existing challenges in the AI-based smart systems and services. Such novel research works involve efficient shape image retrieval, speech signal processing, dynamic thermal rating, advanced persistent threat tactics, user authentication, and so on.