• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2010

This study examined the crystallographic and magnetic properties of vanadium-substituted lithium cobalt titanium ferrite, $Li_{0.7}Co_{0.2}Ti_{0.2}V_{0.2}Fe_{1.7}O_4$. Ferrite was synthesized using a conventional ceramic method. The samples annealed below $1040^{\circ}C$ showed X-ray diffraction peaks for spinel and other phases. However, the sample annealed above $1040^{\circ}C$ showed a single spinel phase. The lattice constant of the sample was $8.351\;{\AA}$, which was relatively unaffected by vanadium-substitution. The average grain size after vanadium-substitution was $13.90\;{\mu}m$, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. The M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectrum could be fitted to two Zeeman sextets, which is the typical spinel ferrite spectra of $Fe^{3+}$ with A and B sites, and one doublet. From the absorption area ratio of the M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectrum, the cation distribution was found to be ($Co_{0.2}V_{0.2}Fe_{0.6})[Li_{0.7}Ti_{0.2}Fe_{1.1}]O_4$. Vibrating sample magnetometry revealed a saturation magnetization and coercivity of 36.9 emu/g and 88.6 Oe, respectively, which were decreased by vanadium-substitution.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.1179-1180
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• 2006

Y-type barium ferrite ($Ba_2Me_2Fe_{12}O_{22};$ Me=Zn, Co, Cu) expected as an electromagnetic wave absorber were prepared by the glass-ceramic method. The glasses with composition of $0.1ZnO{\cdot}0.9(xB_2O_3{\cdot}yBaO{\cdot}(1-x-y)Fe_2O_3)$ were prepared. Single-phase powders of Y type barium ferrite were obtained with the composition $0.1ZnO{\cdot}0.9(0.2B_2O_3{\cdot}0.5BaO{\cdot}0.3Fe_2O_3)$. The shape of Y-type crystals depended strongly on the heating temperature and changed from a plate-like hexagon to a complex polyhedron with increasing heating temperature. Correlation was recognized between saturation magnetization and crystal shape. Electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics was affected by the saturation magnetization and crystal shape.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1999

A study was made on the fabrication of nanostructured Fe-Co powders by mechanical alloying and their magnetic properties. Microstrural development during the process of MA was inverstigated by means of X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties of NS Fe-Co powders were evaluated through the measurements of the saturation magnetization $(M_s)$ as well as the coercivity $(H_c)$. The average grain size calculated from line braodening in XRD peak was about 10nm or less and confirmed by TEM. In this experiment, two different milling methods (cycle opertion and conventional milling) were used. Cycle operation had an advantage over the conventional milling method in that more refined powders can be obtained. Solid state alloying of the components was confirmed from both the change of the saturation magnetization and the change of lattice parameter with Co contentration. Maxium $M_s$ was obtained at the composition of 30at.%Co. Relatively high coercivities of 10~150e were obtained for the compositions investigated, and this seems to be due to the high amount of internal strain introduced during milling.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

In this study, chemical solution mixing and hydrogen reduction method was used to fabricate nanostructured $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$ alloy powders. Fe-Co chloride mixture, FeCl$_2$ and COCI$_2$ with 99.9％ purity, were reduced in hydrogen atmosphere. Nanostructured Fe-Co alloy powders with a grain size of 50 nm were successfully fabricated. Magnetic properties of fabricated $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$(x=0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100) alloy powders with the same grain size were measured because size factor can affect magnetic properties. Coercivity of Fe-Co alloy powders were increased with increasing Co contents. Maximum value of coercivity in various Co contented Fe-Co alloy powders with similar grain size was 125 Oe at Fe$_{100}$. Saturation magnetization value at Fe$_{70}$Co$_{30}$ composition showed maximum value of 219 emu/g and saturation magnetization value decreased with increasing Co contents and minimum value of 155 emu/g was observed at Co$_{100}$.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 발전기의 특성을 보다 정확히 해석하기 위해 발전기의 상세모델에 동일축 전류성분에 의한 포화특성과 교차자화에 의한 포화특성을 고려한 상태방정식을 발전기의 전류모델에 대하여 제시하였다. 발전기의 포화특성을 종래의 동일축성분 전류에 의한 포화특성 뿐만 아니라 교차자화 효과에 의한 포화특성까지도 고려할 수 있도록 각 경우의 자속쇄교수와 전류의 관계를 나타내는 인덕턴스 행렬의 표현식을 보였으며, 발전기를 해석하기 위한 기준 좌표계로 발전기의 d축이 q축보다 위상이 $90^{\circ}$앞서는 좌표계를 사용하여 관계식을 재정립함으로써 정태안정도 해석에 사용하던 기존의 발전기모델과 일치하도록 한였다. 사례연구를 통해서 보다 정확한 안정도 해석을 위해서는 교차자화 효과를 고려한 발전기 모델이 계통해석에 사용되어야 함을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

Bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG, $Bi_{0.5}Y_{2.5}Fe_5O_{12}$) films were deposited with aerosol deposition method and their magnetic and optical properties were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. Since the ceramic films deposited with aerosol deposition method have not a perfect crystal structure due to non-uniform internal stress occurred by mechanical collision during their deposition, the post annealing could be a key process to release its internal stress and to improve its micro structure for optimizing the magnetic and magneto-optic properties of films. The crystallinity of Bi: YIG film was improved with increase of annealing temperature, and the saturation magnetization increased up to 87 emu/cc at $800^{\circ}C$. The Faraday rotation increased up to $1.4deg/{\mu}m$ by annealing at $700^{\circ}C$ around the wavelength of $0.5{\mu}m$. The optical transmittance of the Bi:YIG film was also improved in visible region.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2017

The ferromagnetic resonance and other magnetic properties dependence on $Ni^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$ ratio and crystallite size were investigated for nano nickel ferrite ($NiFe_2O_4$). The crystallite size was controlled by controlling the nickel content in the starting material solution. The XRD and TEM were utilized to measure the crystallite size through Scherrer formula and particle size respectively. The most frequent particle sizes were lower than crystallite size, which ranged from 16.5 to 44.65 nm. The general behavior of M-H loop shapes and parameters showed superparamagnetic one. The saturation magnetization had a maximum value at $Ni^{2+}/Fe^{3+}$ molar ratio equal to 0.186. The FMR signals showed, generally, broad linewidths, where the maximum width and minimum resonance field were for the sample of the lowest crystalline size. Furthermore, FMR resonance field shows linear dependence on crystalline size. The fitting relation was estimated to express this linear dependency on the base of behavior coincidence between particle size and the inverse of saturation magnetization. The given interpretations to understand the intercept and the slope meanings of the fitted relation were based on Larmor equation, and inhomogeneous in the anisotropy constant.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1998

13Cr-1.5Nb-Fe합금분말이 수분사법으로 제조되엇다. 제조된 합금뷴말을 압축기를 이용하여 ring현상으로 성형한후, 진공중에서 소결하였다. as-prepared 분말의 현상, 입도분포, 성분분석 및 포화자화물 조사하였으며, 소결된 시편의 투자율, 교류자기이력손실이 조사되었다. as-prepared 13Cr-1.5Nb-Fe합금분말의 포화자화는 160emu/g이었으며, 산소함유량은 약 600ppm이었다. 입도분포는 약 70$\mu$m에서 50%vol.을 나타낸다. 교류투자율은 소결온도 및 성형온도가 증가할수록 증가한다. 주파수 20KHz에서 교류자기이력손실은 12ton/cm2성령압력 및 120$0^{\circ}C$ 소결온도 조건에서 107W/cc로 가장우수하다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1999

LPE(liquid phase epitaxy)방법으로 제작한 YIG박막의 정자파 모드를 연구하기 위해서 강자성공명 실험을 하였다. 시편면과 오부자기장이 평행할 때 주기적인 신호로 나타나는 정자표면파와 정자역체적파 모드를 관측하였으나 서로 수직할 때는 복잡한 신호를 관측하였다. 평행할 때 관측한 정자파 모드를 Walker와 Damon-Eshbach이론으로 분석한 결과 잘 설명되었다. 관측된 정자파 모드의 선폭은 0.4Oe이었고, 이론으로 분석할 때 구한 포화자화는 137emu/㎤이었다. 또한 시편의 포화자화 값의 변화와 두께의 변화에 따른 모드들의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 정자역체적파의 (1, 1)과 (3, 1)모드를 계산하고 서로 비교하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.262-265
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• 2003

During magnetic inrush or over-excitation saturation of the core in a transformer draws a large exciting current. This can cause mal-operation of a differential relay. This paper proposes a modified current differential relay for transformer protection. In order to cope with the remanent flux at the beginning. the start of saturation of the core is detected and the core flux at the instant is estimated by inserting the differential current into a magnetization curve. Then, this core flux value can be used to calculate the core flux. The proposed relay calculates the core-loss current from the induced voltage and the core-loss resistance; the relay calculates the magnetizing current from the core flux and the magnetization curve. Finally, the relay obtains the modified differential current by subtracting the core-loss current and the magnetizing current from the conventional differential current. The proposed technique not only discriminates magnetic inrush and over-excitation from an internal fault, but also improves the speed of the conventional relay.