• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.563-572
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• 2004

Since bacterial plaque is known as the major cause of every oral disease, it is necessary to control plaque to maintain periodontal health. Although tooth brushing has been the typical method of plaque control, additional use of plaque control devices are necessary for cleansing interdental areas. Dental floss has been used for a long time as the additional plaque control device and proved to be effective. The newly developed embossed new dental pick is composed of elastic plastic material in form with its tip longer than other toothpick. In addition, as thickness of the tip gradually increases, it can be adapted easily with minimal trauma to interdental gingiva. The embossed tip can remove dental plaque easily, and the opposite end can approach lingual and palatal areas through triple angulation. Therefore, the authors studied the effect of embossed new dental pick and dental floss on periodontally involved 15 patient. The following results were obtained. 1. For embossed new dental pick, probing depth at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were $3.6{\pm}0.6mm$, $3.4{\pm}0.5mm$, $3.2{\pm}0.5mm$, respectively, and $4.2{\pm}0.9mm$, $4.1{\pm}0.9mm$, $4.0{\pm}0.9mm$, respectivly for clinical attachment level. 2. In case of embossed new dental pick, bleeding on probing at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were $43.0{\pm}4.4%$, $28.5{\pm}5.1%$, $22.2{\pm}5.6%$, respectively, and, at 1 week and 4 weeks, they were significantly different from that of dental floss. 3. Gingival index of toαhpick at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks were $1.7{\pm}0.5$, $1.0{\pm}0.3$, $0.9{\pm}0.2$, respectively, and, $1.7{\pm}0.5$, $1.1{\pm}0.4$, $1.0{\pm}0.4$, respectively for plaque index, and $3.0{\pm}0.5$, $1.7{\pm}0.5$, $1.4{\pm}0.4$, respectively for proximal plaque index. proximal plaque index at 4 weeks was significantly different from that of dental floss. 4. The result of questionnaire showed that the two types of device were both satisfactory, however, embossed new dental pick had higher preference as well as satisfaction. As a result, embossed new dental pick is thought to be clinically effective for its simplicity and good accessibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.8
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• pp.183-207
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• 1981

Library standards have been the source of considerable controversy, whereas many problems are involved in developing stardard for university library collections. For evaluation purposes, standards should be precise, quantifiable and measurable. In the United States, however, standards for academic libraries are limited to qualitative statements and principles. Quantitative standards, when given, are ususally related to the number of population in the institution being served, or the prescribed quantitative objectives are often arbitrarily formulated by value judgements. The study in this paper attempts to explain the problems involved in developing quantitative standard for academic library collections. Two problems facing in the formulation of the optimal size of collection are identified. One is the theoretically faulty concept of adequacy of collection to meet the situations of diversity of university libraies, and the other is the difficulties in quantification and measurement, along with the lack of concept of adequacy of collection. However, quantification of adequate size of collection is proved to be useful on the pratical level, even though not valid theoretically. ACRL, Clapp/Jordan and Voigt developed formulas or models for setting the optimal size of a library collection for any particular university library. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the above formulas. ACRL standard was drawn from obervation and analysis of statistcs in leading library collections. In academic field, this judgement appears to have been based on the assumption that a high-grade institution would be apt to have a good library collection. This study criticizes ACRL standard for its failure to include some determinants of measurements, and points out the limitations of the standard. In contrast. Clapp/Jordan developed a formula rather scientifically based upon bibliographical sources. This is similarly empirical but has the advantage of bringing into play the elements which make universities diverse in nature. Both ACRL and Clapp/Jordan formulas share two major defects. (1) the specific subject needs of the collection are not indiacted directly, and (2) percentage rate of growth is an indicator in measuring the potential utility of a collection. Thus both formulas failed to provide a basis for meaningful evaluation. Voigt further developed a model for determining acquisition rates for currently published materials based on bibliographic technique. Voigt model encourages experimentation with different programs and different allocations of input resources, designed to meet the needs of the library's particular population. Standard for university library collections can be formulated in terms of input(traditional indicator), or additionally, in terms of output(cost-effectiveness). Cost effectiveness is expressed as user satisfaction, ability to provide wanted materials within a reasonable time period. Thus simple quantitative method does not cover all the situations of diversity of university library collections, nor measures the effectiveness of collections. Valid standard could not be established without further research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.332-340
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• 2019

This descriptive research study was undertaken to identify the degree of learning motivation, transfer climate, learning self-efficacy, and transfer motivation, and to correlate the variables, in nursing students receiving simulation-based education. The subjects of this study were 4th grade nursing students who completed a simulation course at a nursing university; data collected using the self-report questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Our results indicate high values of learning motivation, transfer climate (including the lower variables supervisor's support, peer's support, and transfer opportunity), learning self-efficacy, and transfer motivation. Learning motivation, learning self-efficacy, and transfer motivation significantly differed with respect to social motivation for entering school (Z=6.04, p=0.049; Z=6.92, p=0.031; Z=9.16, p=0.010, respectively) and major satisfaction (Z=8.55, p=0.036; Z=12.55, p=0.006; Z=13.47, p=0.004, respectively). All these variables were positively correlated, especially transfer motivation with learning motivation, supervisor's support, peer's support, transfer opportunity, and learning self-efficacy. Taken together, the results of this study indicate a need to develop an effective simulation-based education program to encourage transfer motivation, as well as follow-up studies that verify the causal relationship between transfer motivation and related variables.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.614-625
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the level of resilience and the factors affecting resilience in nursing students, and to provide basic data to develop a program that improves resilience of nursing students. Data were collected from 155 nursing students in D city from April 15 to May 30, 2018 using the Resilience Scale, College Life Stress Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Positive Affect Scale, and Stress Coping Strategy Scale. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The mean score for resilience in nursing students was 3.54 points. There was a significant difference in resilience according to academic score and satisfaction with major. Resilience was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, social support, and active stress coping strategy. Factors that impacted resilience in multiple regression were self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.39$, p<0.001), active stress coping strategy (${\beta}=0.26$, p<0.001), and social support (${\beta}=0.16$, p<0.001). These factors explained 51.0% of the variance in the resilience of nursing students. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a program that can enhance resilience by strengthening protective factors such as self-efficacy, active stress coping strategies, and social support.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.510-531
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases. Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords "NRS", "Multi-center", and "RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups. Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2019

This study empirically identified and sought implications for the degree of desire by film crews to participate in overseas production and the factors affecting them, based on the recognition that the active participation of skilled film crews in overseas production and joint ventures can be an alternative to the poor treatment of domestic film industry sites and the reduction of job losses due to problems with career barriers. In order for respondents to verify research questions, binomial logistic and marginal effects analysis using SPSS and STATA, the data obtained by surveying 402 film crews operating in various areas. The notable findings are as follow: First, about 65%(263 people) of the respondents expressed their desire to participate in overseas activity, indicating that a considerable number of film crews are looking forward to opportunities with overseas productions. Second, major factors that have a positive effect on film crews' need to participate in overseas activities have been found to be professionality, artistic identity, Korean Wave persistence, and career barriers. In other words, the higher the professionality, the more clearly the identity of the artist, the more positive expectations of the possibility of the Korean Wave continuing, and the more serious the problem of career disability, the clearer was the desire to participate in overseas production and joint-work activities.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.469-477
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop Team Based Learning (TBL) course for students majoring skin care and analyze the effectiveness as well as derive improvement plans. TBL focuses on putting pre-class learning about learning content and the time saved by it into practice activities that apply what is learned. The ADDIE model and the TBL model were applied as the developmental research methodology, and the 'skin care' subject, which was previously taught by lecture base, was redesigned as a TBL class. In addition, the study developed weekly based pre-class learning materials, quiz items for checking pre-class learning, and the team activities' plan. Then, an experimental study was conducted with 43 university students and the effects of TBL instruction were analyzed as follows. First, students who participated in the TBL class showed higher achievement than those who participated in the lecture class, which is a comparative group, especially in the academic achievement that evaluated the acquisition and application of the major concept. Second, there was no significant difference in pretest and posttest results on problem solving ability and cooperative self-efficacy for TBL students. Third, overall satisfaction with TBL class was 4.0, which is high. The discussion of these findings was described, and three suggestions for improving and researching TBL classes were presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

This study was conducted to lay the basis of the need of the self-directed learning ability, critical thinking, communicative ability, problem solving skills for nursing students by confirming the effect of problem based learning classes of nursing students. The data collection period was from March 1 to June 7, 2022. It was provided problem based learning classes to 165 nursing students located at B city. Problem based learning classes were conducted at total of 14 times, and 100 minutes/time. The collected data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage, Cronbach's α, mean and standard deviation with the SPSS Win 21.0 program, and the effectiveness verification of problem based learning classes was analyzed with a paired t-test. As a result of the effectiveness of the problem based learning class, the self-directed learning ability(t=-2.08, p=.039), critical thinking(t=-2.49, p=.014), communicative ability(t=-4.90, p<.001), problem solving skills(t=-4.84, p<.001) of nursing students who took 14 weeks of problem based learning was enhanced. Based on the results of this study, by applying it in various ways to first-year nursing students, it will be possible to use them to improve their competence, major satisfaction, and adapt to college life.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.131-181
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• 1983

After the investigation on, and the analysis of, the educational system for medical technicians and the present educational situation for medical technologies in this country, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. As of March 1983 the current academic system for education in medical technologies included the regular 4-year college courses and those of the 2-year professional junior college courses. But except in the cases on clinical pathology and physical therapy, there were no college-level departments. Particularly, no educational institutions, at whatever level, had a department for working therapies. 2. The total number of credits needed for graduation from a department of medical technologies was 150 points at a regular 4-year college and 85 to 96 points at a 2-year professional college. The obligatory minimum number of credits for a student at a professional college was set at 80 points and above. 3. As for the number of the educational institutions for medical technologies in this country, there were one regular college and 14 professional colleges, a total of 15 institutions. As many as 14 colleges had departments of clinical pathology, 12 had departments of Radiotechnology, 11 had departments of physical therapy, 12 had departments of dental technology, and eight had departments of dental hygiene. 4. The total capacity of the professional colleges in admitting new enrollment each year were 1,920 for clinical pathology, 1,552 for radiology, 1,012 for physical therapy, 1,334 for dental technologies, 828 for dental hygiene, an aggregate of 6,646 for all of the professional college departments. 5. The total number of graduates from the 12 professional colleges by department during the period of 1965-83 were 7,595 for clindical pathology, 4,768 for radiology, 2,821 for physical therapy, 3,000 for dental technologies, and 1,787 for dental hygiene, totalling 19,971 for all departments in the professional colleges. 6. In the state examination for licensed medical technicians, 12,446 have passed from among the total of 26,609 participants, representing a 45% passing ratio. By departments the ratios showed 44% for clinical pathology, 39.7% for radiology, 51.2% for physical therapy, 42.5% for dental technology, 72.5% for dental hygiene and 73.1% for working therapy. 7. As for the degree of satisfaction shown by the people in this field, 52.2 percent of the teaching staffs who responed to the questionaires said they were satisfied with their present profession, while the great majority of medical technicians(66%) replied that they were indifferent to the problem. 8. The degree of satisfaction shown by the students on their enrollment in this particular academic field was generally in the framework of indifference(43.7%), but mere students(36.5%) were satisfied with their choice than those were not satisfied(14.4%) 9. As for the student's opinions on the lectures and practicing hours, a good many students replied that, among such courses as general science and humanities courses the basic medical course, the major course and practicing hours, the hours provided for the general courses(47.1%) and practicing(47.6%) were insufficient. 10. When asked about the contents of their major courses, comparatively few students (23.6%) replied that the courses were too difficult, while a convincing majority(58.5%) said they were neither difficult nor easy. As for the appropriateness of the number of the present teaching staffs, a great majority(71.0%) of the students replied that the level of the teaching personnel in each particular field was insufficient. 11. Among the students who responded to the poll, good part of them(49.5%) wanted mandatory clinical practicing hours, and the the majority of them(64.6%) held the view that the experimental and practicing facilities of their schools were insufficient. 12. On the necessity of the attached hospitals, 71.1% of the teaching staffs and 58.0% of the medical technicians had the opinion that this kind of facility was indispensable. 13. As for the qualifications for applicants to the state examination in the licensing system for medical technicians, 52.2% of the teacher's and 36% of the medical technicians replied that the present system granting the qualifications according to the apprenticeship period should be abolished. 14. On the necessity of improving the present system for education in medical technologies, an overwhelming majority(94.4% of the :caching staffs, 92.0% of the medical technicians and 91.9% of students) of these polled replied that the present system should be changed for the better. 15. On the method of changes for the present educational system, a great majority(89.4% of the teaching staffs, 80.4% of the medical technicians and 90.1% of the students) said that the system must be changed so that it fits into the reality of the present day. 16. As for the present 2-year program for the professional colleges, 61.6% of the teachers, 72.0% of the medical technicians and 38.8% of the students expressed the hope that the academic period would be extended to four regular years, hemming a full-fledged collegelevels program. 17. On the life-long eductional system for medical technicians, there was a considerable number of people who expressed the hope that an open university system(38.9% of the teaching staffs, 36.0% of the medical technicians) and a graduate school system would be set up. 18. As for the future prospects for medical technicians as professionals, the optimists ana pessimists were almost equally divided, and 41.1% of the teaching staffs 36.0% of. the technicians and 50.5% of the students expressed an intermediate position on this issue.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 1996

This study comparatively examines a causal model of employee attatchment which focuses on employee's organizational commitment and intent to stay with an organization. This study is based on two separate studies of employee attachment among teachers : the U.S. case of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the South Korean case of the Seoul Educational District (SED). The main purpose of this study is to replicate in Korea the CPS study. A revised model based on the unique characteristics of Korean teachers is also developed and estimated. The Price Mueller model of employee attachment provides the basic theoretical framework for this study. It includes five general classes of variables : 1) employee responses to work variables : job satisfaction, commitment, and intent to stay; 2) psychological stress variables: role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload, and quality of students; 3) social structural variables: autonomy, routinization, distributive justice, and legitimacy; 4) economic structural variables: pay, job security, promotional opportunities, and job opportunities; and 5) work orientation variables : career commitment, normative commitment, work motivation, affectivity, work values, and met expectations. The data was collected through questionnaire survey and a sample of 649 secondary school teachers in Seoul, South Korea, was included in the final analysis. Covariance structure analysis (LISREL) was used to estimate the causal model. The results indicate that the endogenous variables of job satisfaction and commitment play a considerably less important role than in the U.S. model in mediating the effects of the exogenous variables on intent to stay, and the model fails to explain the majority of the variance in intent to stay. In addition, the new variables added to the revised Korean model do not bave significant effects on intent to stay. The structural characteristics of the employment relationship and labor markets associated with Korean teachers forced mobility and closed external markets - are largely accountable for the major differences between the Korean and the U.S. cases. The study suggests that conceptual and empirical work on what produces employee attachment under these structural constraints needs to receive more attention in future studies.