• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.121-135
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with their body of middle-aged women. The subjects used for this study were three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. We measured their bodies and asked them report to the questionnaire. The results are as follows. 1) Middle-aged women were classified into four typical types of body. The type 1 was tall and thin and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter X. The type 2 was the tallest and the medium of fatness and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter H that the lower part of the body is short. The type 3 was the medium of height and width and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter A that the upper part of the body is short compared with their height. The type 4 were the shortest and the fattest and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter Y that the lower and upper parts of the body is the longest. 2) Middle-aged women roughly tended not to be satisfied with part of their body. The results showed that a neck was the most satisfied body part and the weight was the least satisfied as well as overall leg shape among all 13 body parts. 3) The type 1 had the highest the degree of satisfaction on their face size, upper arm girth, waist, hip girth, weight and body shape, etc., excepting hip shape among 4 body types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.736-747
• /
• 2000

This study focused on the comparison of satisfaction with and perception about their bodies by Korean and American women. The respondents included 242 Korean and 145 American female student volunteers, aged 18 to 27, who were enrolled at Kwangju and Catholic University and Cornell University in the United States. The questionnaire was composed of three sections; a body cathexis, perceived body shape-self, perceived body shape-ideal. Twenty items of 30 items showed a significant difference between Korean and American women. Korean student females were more dissatisfied with 20 items than American women. Even though Korean women were smaller in body build than the American women, the Korean women were more negative about their large type, shoulder, hands, arms, hips, neck, face, and skin color than the American women. There were many significant differences between perceived body shape-self and perceived body shape-ideal responses for Korean and American respondents. The exceptions were that a fuller bosom, and longer legs than perceived body shape were desired in both cultures, longer arms were desired by Korean women and darker skin color was desired by American women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.658-666
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate among adolescents (total=729) the relationship between their self-esteem, body-cathexis, their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies, their anthropometric characteristics, their perceptions of their body shapes and their experiences with weight control. The results are summarized as follows: The mean values for self-esteem and body-cathexis were generally low, but these values were significantly higher among boys than girls (p<0.01-0.001). However the mean values for their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies were relatively high and were significantly higher among girls than boys (p<0.01). The mean values for Percent Ideal Body Weight (PIBW) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were normal and no significant differences between the genders were observed. The distribution of the PIBW and the BMI values showed a higher rate for normal weights among the girls and a higher rate for underweightedness and obesity among the boys (p<0.01). With regard to their perception of their body image, among the boys, their current figures were almost identical with their idea of an ideal figure, but among the girls, their idea of an ideal figure was thinner than their current figure. The girls were more dissatisfied with their own body image than the boys (p<0.001). Fifty-four percent of the subjects had previous weight control experience, and the girls had significantly more experience than the boys (p<0.001). Their main reason for practising weight control was to lose weight (65.3%) Those who had more weight control experience had lower satisfaction with their body shapes, higher PIBW, higher BMIs or currently had fatter figures. Their standard image of their figures was influenced by TV (40.3%) and friends (36.9%). There was a weakly positive correlation between their self-esteem and their satisfaction with their body shapes, and a weakly negative correlation between their satisfaction with their body shapes and their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies. These results suggest the necessity for an educational program for adolescents as to foster a positive body image. Such a program should consider psychological factors such as self-esteem, satisfaction with body shape and attitudes toward the importance of the body.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2008

This study conducted a survey to compare the size of ready-made clothes for different body shapes and body sizes, and to discover the differences in satisfaction with the size of ready-made clothes. The subjects were women in their 208 and 308 from Busan and Gyeongnam. The women were classified into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese, using the Body Mass Index (BMI). The comparison of the body size showed a significant difference among the shapes; the average BMI in overweight women was 24.2 while that of obese women was 27.6. For the clothing size for each body shape, obese women most often wore size 77 and size 88, regardless of the sizes of upper and lower garments. The size consistency of upper and lower garments was the lowest in obese women. However, in most of the shapes, women tended to choose larger-sizes for lower garments than for upper ones. The more obese the subject, the less inclined they were to wear garments for their real body size. Satisfaction with the clothing size was significantly different between body shapes; the more obese, the lower the level of satisfaction with the size. As well, satisfaction with the fit of clothing at certain parts was shown to be low especially in the bust measurement, shoulder width, upper garment length, crotch length, and thigh circumference. When surveyed about the use of alterations for different body shapes, the results were that over 65% of subjects did not alter upper garments regardless of their body shape. Comparatively, 68% or above of all body shapes did do alterations to lower garments for example, the length of pants or skirts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationships of need, self-esteem, body satisfaction on aesthetic surgery attitude of female. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 813 females of 10's to 40's living in Daejeon Metropolitan City and Gongju City, Chungchungnamdo. Statistical analysis methods were one-way ANOVA. Duncan's multiple range test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows. Women with lower body satisfaction and self-esteem had a tendency to keep the secret of aesthetic surgery. Women in higher social class and having higher need for dominance showed also strong tendency to keep the secret of aesthetic surgery. Women with lower body satisfaction and having higher needs for achievement and exhibition appreciated the value of aesthetic surgery more. Women with lower body satisfaction and self-esteem but with higher need for exhibition and dominance were more willing to confirm the aesthetic surgery Women with higher need for dominance but with lower self-esteem and body satisfaction were more willing to undergo aesthetic surgery in spite of high cost of surgery. Women having lower self-esteem, lower need for achievement, and lower body satisfaction were more willing to admit the risk tolerance of aesthetic surgery. As a conclusion, need, self-esteem, and body satisfaction constituted important characteristics which could affect aesthetic surgery attitude directly. Women having higher need were more willing to admit the change of body shape via aesthetic surgery.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2003

This study is to figure out where the current satisfaction with ready-to-wear clothes based on middle-aged women's body shapes is at and to propose basic considerations in its production for coming up with a better sizing system to maximize customer's satisfaction. The data obtained from measurement and questionnaire by 126 middle- aged (35-59) women which were located in Gwangju. Followings are summary of this research, 1)The satisfaction level with lower -wear is relatively lower-wear than that of upper-wear in most parts of body. 2) The results by way of putting score show three different groups. Group 1 has characteristics of front body silhouette in the small ratio of shoulder width/bust width, shoulder width/waist width and big ratio of shoulder width/hip width. And Group 3 has characteristics of front silhouette, small ratio of hip girth/thigh girth. Group 2 has a standard shape. 3) The satisfaction level with lower-wear based on middle-aged women's body shapes shows slight difference. In this category, Group 2 has higher satisfaction level than that of Group 1, while Group 1 has better shape than Group 3. 4) The items of clothes which should be considered current less satisfaction on their size and pattern are skirt and pants. In the meantime, specific body parts for the same criteria are hip girth, thigh girth. And the 43.7% of middle-aged women who responded to this study requires improvement on the fit of lower-wear.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.305-318
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the appearance management behavior and ornament wearing practices in relation to the body satisfaction and body image. The questionnaire was administrated to 261 female college students in Chungbuk area. Most respondents were dissatisfied with their bodies, especially with weight and lower part of their body. Among three factors of body image, they showed a great concern about appearance of body itself than body shape management and physical attractiveness. Most female students attempted ear-piercing and hair dyeing as appearance management behavior. They preferred to wear earrings, necklaces and rings, in the order. There was a significant relationship between body satisfaction and body image. Also, there were significant relationships among body image, appearance management behavior, and ornament wearing practices.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of clothing which can improve the satisfaction of male university students' body shape by classifying the perception of body shape and examining characteristics by type. The types of recognition of body shape of male college students were classified into five types: developed upper body with protruding under abdomen, normal body with long legs, developed under body with big skeleton, skinny body, and ladder type normal body. The actual body shape was classified into three. The Y type had a long chest length and a shoulder developed, and the lower body silhouette was plain and short. Type H was flat with little protrusion from the chest to the hip. Type X has a larger hip and longer hip length than the waist. Body type was classified based on bust, waist, and hip circumference, but recognition body type was classified based on visual characteristics. It is thought that ergonomic consideration is needed to cover the disadvantages of each body type considering the aesthetic part as well as wearing comfort in accordance with the trend of the fashion market nowadays that the slim fit is generalized. This study was limited to male university students in their early 20s in Chungbuk province. Therefore, we could not grasp attitudes and perceptions of male university students living in other provinces. Therefore, we should pay attention to the generalization of the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control and the relative influence of individual variables affecting children's attempts to control weight. The study subjects were 319 elementary school children. First, the average body height and weight of the children who participated in this study was somewhat larger in boys and similar in girls, as compared with the normal body shape of Korean children. More boys were classified as overweight than girls, based on BMI. Both boys and girls were dissatisfied with their body shape, and especially the girls showed higher dissatisfaction rate than the boys did. Almost half of the children were concerned about weight control and girls had higher concern than boys. Of the children, 38.8% had controlled their weight; however there was no difference between their sexes. There were significant differences between children who had and had not experienced weight control in the following variables: stress caused by obesity, body satisfaction, BMI, subjective body shape perception and concern about weight control. Therefore, discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the discrimination of these variables between the two groups. From the analysis results, the most critical factor was BMI in the boys and concern about weight control in the girls. This finding should be reflected in the design of weight control programs for children i.e., boys should be encouraged to perceive correctly their own body shape and to control weight by maintaining a well-balanced diet and moderate exercise over a long period of time, rather than by skipping meals, while girls should be inspired with sound values and attitudes regarding their body shape, rather than provided with the concrete information on how to control weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2021

This study classified short adult male body types and identified characteristics by body type according to Size Korea's 7th human system measurement data for men in their 20s to 60s. There were four body types for short adult males. Type 1 was a 'short bird legs-normal body shape' with an average body size, low body height, short torso length, thin legs, and no sagging shoulders. Type 2 was a 'short torso thin body' with a small body size, a slim body, a high body height, a short torso length and no sagging shoulders. Type 3 was a 'thick leg-overweight body shape' with a large body size, thick legs, low body height, small shoulder length and obesity. Type 4 was a 'long bird legs-normal body' with a normal body size, high body height, thin legs, long torso and sagging shoulders. The development of clothing design and pattern reflecting the body shape characteristics of short adult males should be improved to fit clothing and suitability. It is necessary to increase the satisfaction of ready-to-wear for consumers with various body types by adding the size for shorter men through a subdivision of the ready-made size system.