• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to review and verify whether the functions and effect of roadside trees generally hewn in theory are actually realized in urban roads and how well they are performed if the function and effect are realized. The study was conducted with a focus on 3 functions and effects including roadside tree's urban landscape improvement function (green area visibility ratio), effect of introducing green area within a city, and urban green network building function. The major study results are as follows: First, the average green area visibility ratio of 41 study areas is currently about 25.90%. The green area visibility ratio of commercial area within downtown was lowest among 5 road types. It showed that it is possible to raise the average green area visibility ratio up to 32.49% through roadside tree management and additional plantation. Second, in a section between Paldal Mountain and Suwon City Hall where there is no forest fragments and parks at all, a green area of 4,826 roadside trees represented 2.4% of total area and served as the only linear green area. Third, an analysis of 15 cities in Kyonggi province showed that urban forests are concentrated in outskirts. The suey showed that because forest fragments and parks exist in a form of points in urban areas, roadside trees are the only green areas that link each other and build a network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

For a systematic research of the history of Chinese roadside trees, this study analyzed various ancient writings of China according to following topics; the philosophical backgrounds and diverse species of Chinese roadside trees in different periods, as well as the management systems and existent remains of ancient Chinese roadside trees. The analyses draw the following conclusion. First, the thoughts from Lao-tzu, Chuang-tzu, Mo-tzu, Mencius and Guan-tzu from Hundred Schools of Thought of Warring States Period had laid certain impact on the fundamental attitude of the Chinese roadside tree management system. Secondly, various and different species of Roadside Trees were planted from each time period: amongst all, Willow trees were the most common, and Pine trees to be the next common. Besides, fruit trees such as peach trees and plum trees had been largely selected as roadside trees from the Zhou dynasty to the Ming dynasty. Thirdly, the names of roadside trees and the government officials who managed the roadside trees were different in each era. Fourthly, the oldest existent remain of roadside trees in China, which dates back over 2000 years, is located in Jiange Cuiyun Corridor of Sichuan province.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.93-103
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• 2000

This research is to propose a rational criterion of the selection and the management f the roadside trees, and to establish the planting design and system with the objective of improving the roadside environment. All of the roadside trees in each objective courses in Kangnung, and the soil disposition, hardness of the soil in the planting areas have been investigated. Also, we have surveyed the kinds of the trees which kandgnung inhabitants want. The conclusion is as follows Most of roadsides have trees, but they need the introduction of shrubs or ground covering plants according to the locations and the environmental conditions. We have selected nineteen species in regard to the roadside tree criterion and the growing conditions living in Kangnung. It is desirable that we make banding style planting space between each roadside tree to improve the low ratio of green coverage. We have found out that Ligustrum obtusifolium, Buxus micropnylla, Euonymus japonica, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Phyllostachys nigro and Rosa rugosa, ect. are suitable. In order to soften and weaken the rigidity of the hard substances on a paved roadside, the climbers such as the perennial herbaceous flowering and hedera rhombea should be preferred rather than annual herbaceous flowering because of curtailment of expenditure. To posses a systematical greenery frame in kangnung, we have planned a planting design system that would expand the greenery space every year. Moreover, we have to make a plan to overcome space restrictions. We have established a flexible plan considering the roadside conditions and the improved standard planting methods with an ultimate aim to create a special roadside view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2017

Roadside native vegetation provides important habitat for plants and animals, and provides visual amenity and beauty for drivers and rural areas. In particular, native wildflowers create and maintain attractive landscaping and scenic vistas while help protect and restore the natural environment. However, it is lacking in government policies and guidelines about using native wildflowers for roadside vegetation and alien invasive plants are a major threat to our environment. The purpose of this study is to review the regulations and programs for roadside vegetation, especially native wildflowers in USA in order to learn lessons about developing wildflower policies in Korea. A summary of results follows: (1) the goals of roadside vegetation have been shifted from beautification for pleasant driving experience to sustainable and economical maintenance. (2) Various funds and laws by federal and local government are essential for native wildflower planting and roadside enhancement. (3) Ongoing projects on seed collection and seed banking of native plants are conducted by wildflower research centers to conserve and propagate endangered plants. (4) Recognizing that wildflower viewing holds tremendous potential, increasing local governments try to grow wildflower tourism for economic benefits. In conclusion, we should establish a long-range plan and regulations on roadside wildflowers planting in order to create safe and sustainable transportation corridors in Korea. In addition, more research on wildflower habitat and propagation should be warranted and landscape architects should play a definitive role in providing pleasant driving experiences and promoting wildflower tourism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the roadside agricultural product shops located in Miryang city, and to find out the current situation on how people rate the importance and satisfaction levels of various aspects through surveys on sellers and consumers. With this information, the main problems and possible solutions are analyzed with the Important Performance Analysis(IPA) method. First, building parking spaces for customers should be prioritized to improve safety. Because many roadside shops for agricultural products are located alongside two-lane roads, sufficient parking spaces are needed for the consumers' safety. Second, to enhance the rural landscape, consumers express that improving store quality and integrating more with the environment are important. Store owners should take more care in maintaining store quality so that customers do not experience inconvenience while shopping. Futhermore, institutional guidelines and standards must be implemented to allow for a more harmonious relationship between these shops and the environment. Third, both sellers and consumers think that taste, price, and freshness are important aspects of roadside agricultural product shops. However, while sellers and consumers both agree that the price is the most important factor, there is a discrepancy between these two groups regarding the satisfactory price level. The sellers do not agree that their products are being sold at the fair price. This can be interpreted as sellers believe that the prices are set too low. Because pricing is important aspect and also a very delicate issue, mid to long term consideration and study will be needed to improve roadside shops for agricultural products in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2011

One of the major factors which increase urban temperature is roads. This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of urban roadside vegetation on the road surface temperature. For this, surface temperature was measured at 18 spots using the thermal imaging camera in terms of road components including use of roadside land use, roadway, sidewalk, roadside vegetation and vegetation median barrier. The size of the roadside vegetation and related urban road characteristics were also measured. In terms of the effect of roadside vegetation on a decrease in road surface temperature, the roadside land use as a green area or open space was the highest, followed by the size of vegetation median barrier and the size of roadside vegetation. Besides road surroundings, an increase in the green zone such as roadside vegetation and median strip vegetation has a significant impact on lowering road surface temperature. Therefore, a good solution for reducing urban heat island effects would be to increase the area of roadside vegetation and green areas along roads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for the design and management of the national park roadside slopes through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of the Chi-ri national park, for this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Result of this thesis can be summarized as fallows. Visual volumes of the naked, rock, ground cover of seed spray, and artificial planting are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of the national park roadside slopes landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, spatial, appeal, physical, openness and dignity factors such as the overall the spatial, physical and openness yield high factor scores. As for the factors determining the degree of visual quality of the roadside slopes, variables such as the summit, the constructions management, harmony of landscape, visual stability of roadside slopes, suitable artificial planting and suitable constructions.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

This study is to examine architectural designers' views on the correlations between components and contextual principle of the roadside building facade with the roadside building facade on the border of Asian Culture Center in Gwangju which is expected to undergo a great change by public policies. For setting direction of the roadside building management at the region examined, height of facade, advertisement/signboard, security of continuity through surface pattern management, nodes building, array of height by story, awning/arcade and locality of advertisement/signboard should be induced to design with locality and consideration of local characteristics with silhouette, window and external colors is needed for discrimination from other cities. Regarding the realization method important thing was found that the planning and implementation of architectural design guidelines, architectural aesthetics of the pre-hearing enhancement, active citizen participation, and then additional landscape screening system, incentive schemes, landscape designation of landscape zone was found to be a major realization system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2003

This study aimed to provide basic data for future management of roadside trees by analyzing problems associated with plantation and management of roadside trees through categorization of functions and organizational structure, plantation and management, and management regulations and generating improvement opportunities based on the result of a survey on the awareness of government officials who are directly in charge of managing roadside trees in 31 cities & counties within Kyonggi province. The summary of key results of this study is as follows. First, "roadside tree-related function" is still not considered to be independent. About a half of government officials in charge did not majored in this field and they spent only about "2.09hours", in average, in the roadside tree-related function out of 8 working hours per day. Second, regarding problems and improvement opportunities in roadside tree-related function, lack of time was considered to be the biggest problem in overall management of roadside trees. As for improvement opportunities, "increase of dedicated manpower" and "system development" to facilitate efficient processing were suggested. Third, an annual budget for roadside tree-related affairs was merely 92 million won per city/county. A registry for management of roadside trees was kept manually. As for the roles of roadside trees, improvement of landscape and securing of green area itself were valued highly. Fourth, Ginkgo biloba, Zelkova serrata, and Prunus yedoensis were suggested to be the most appropriate species for roadside tree and Platanus occidentalis, Populus albaglandulosa, Populus euramericana, and Robinia pseudo-acacia were mentioned to be the least appropriate species.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.39-56
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roadside slope of mountainous Parkway. 48 sites were selected by Random Ranking Sampling. This study was researched on the slope condition with the cause of occurrence, the situation of fundamental engineering works and vegetation on slopes. The main results of this research are summarized as follow ; 1. Slope shapes are shown nine types in cut slope and four types in fill slope. 2. Generally, fill slopes are larger than cut slopes in slop area. 3. Grade is more steep than standard grade. 4. Main engineering works, which constructed for slope stability, are terracing, side-ditch wall, channel, concrete trellis works and wire fence. 5. Roundabout channel were many constructed within the sector of Ukmojeong-Deokdong, but were few constructed within the sector of Banseon-Seongsam pass and Cheoneun Temple-Seongsam pass. 6. Most. of side-ditch wall were constructed of concrete and wet-masonry. 7. In vegetation works, many exterior species were selected. 8. Planting pattern was not combinated with the national park landscape.