• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2013

Background: The Korean government launched a project in 2008, where the amount of rice used as raw ingredient in rice-based foods in 2012 was planned to increase up to 10% (470,000 ton) of the total rice production through developing various new rice-based processed foods and their commercial manufacturing technology. Among the four major rice-based processed foods, rice cakes and noodles need rice flour as their main raw ingredient. Technology in rice flour utilization and manufacturing is far behind than the technology pertinent to wheat flour in many subject areas. Purpose: This review aims to provide information on rice flour utilization and manufacturing with some fundamental subjects in the area of size reduction. Results: A variety of food items including bread, noodle, cake, cookie, muffin, pre-mix, beverage, vinegar, surimi, and artificial meat have found rice flour as their raw ingredient. Rice bread made out of 100% rice flour has been developed and is now sold in retail stores. Various noodle products made from rice flour are also on the market. Issues on product definition and labeling regulation about rice flour content of the products were explored. Generalized grinding equations available in the literature were seldom used in practice; instead, it has been a general practice to develop empirical equations from test milling data. Introductory remarks on three popular particle size measurement methods (sieving, Coulter counter, light diffraction) were explained. Mathematical expressions frequently used to describe particle size distribution and to correlate cumulative quantity of particles with particle size were represented. Milling methods used in producing rice flour were described along with their advantages and disadvantages. Because of their profound effect on functional properties of the rice flour, four rice flour milling equipments used at both laboratory experiments and commercial manufacturing plants were discussed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1992

To analyze cookery of meal in reception dishes of Choson dynasty, studied historic book 'Youngjeob Dogam Euigwae' described feast dishes for Chinese envoy in Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Kinds of dishes served a meal generally were noodles(麵), bun stuffed with seasoned meat and vegetables(饅頭), steamed bread(床花), soup(湯), fried fish and meat(煎魚肉), dried fish and meat(切肉), minced raw meat(肉膾), slices of boiled meat(片肉), stew(蒸, 乾南), rice cake(餠), patterned savory cake(茶食), various fruits preserved in honey(正果), fried cake made of wheat flour, honey and oil(造果), fried glutinous rice cake(强精), rice gruel(粥), salted fish shrimp and etc, jerked meat(佐飯), meat fish and others broiled with seasoning(炙), cooked potherbs and potherbs(菜), pickled vegetables(沈菜), fruits(實果), soysauce mixed with vinegar and pinenut meal(醋醬), mustard(茶子), soybean sauce(民醬), honey(追淸), honey water(水正果, 正味子水) and etc.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

우리나라 벼 유기농업 실천농가의 가장 큰 애로사항은 알려져 있는 병해 및 잡초 제어기술을 정립하기 위하여 강화 등 5개 지역의 벼 유기농재배지와 관행재배지에서 병해충의 발생 실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 병해 발생조사결과 도열병은 관행재배지보다 오리농법 재배지에서 발병이 많았고 품종별로는 추청벼 보다 일품벼에서 발병이 많았으며, 잎집무의마름병은 오리농법과 쌀겨농법재배지에서 발병이 많았고 품종별로는 추청벼 보다 일품벼에서 발병이 많았으며, 문고병도 관행재배지보다 오리농법과 쌀겨농법에서 발병이 많은 경향이었다. 2. 친환경 자재의 벼 종자소독 효과시험 결과 현미식초 1,000배액이 키다리병 방제에 효과가 있었으며 발아율도 양호하였고, 시중에 종자소독용으로 유통되고 있는 친환경자재의 도열병에 대한 예방 및 치료효과는 미미하였다. 3. 헤어리벳치 재배구의 헤어리벳치 건물 중이 이앙시기에 추천량의 1/40에 불과하여 헤어리벳치 재배에 의한 토양물리성의 변화는 없었다. 4. 헤어리베치 잎과 뿌리의 추출물질은 상추종자의 발아 억제효과를 보였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2003

A survey on meal preferences from 693 middle school students was conducted with the objective to enhance the quality of the school food service in Gwangju and the Chollanamdo area. Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed with the SAS program. The most preferred rice was cooked rice; the most unusual meal preference was laver rice; and the most-liked bread was sweet red bean jam bun. The noodle of choice was Tchajangmyon, and the most-liked rice cake was reasoned bar rice cake. The highest ranted korean soups were boiled fish paste soup, kimchi stew, and short rib sour. The most preferred fried meal included fried beef with sweet and sour sauce, and favorite side-dishes were seasoning vinegar squid and kimchi. Yogurt and strawberry were the preferred desserts. A gender difference in preferred foods was seen. The males tended to favor rice with blackish bean sauce, dumpling soup, beef bean curd soup, beef soup, short rib soup, beef bone and tripe soup, hot shredded beef soup, chopped roast chicken, pork roast, roast meat, steamed pork short-ribs, fried port, fried ham, sausage, milk, and yogurt. Males were partial to staple foods and side dishes, The, females favored laver rice, seasoned bar rice cake, bean sprouts soup, fried squid ring, seasoned cucumber, seasoned bean sprouts, fried kimchi, fruits salad, corn salad and citrus fruits. Females tended to choose lighter meals. Meal preference according to residential area showed that, students in Gwangju had more preferences than students in the Chollanamdo area. Classified according to grades, third graders had the greatest meal preference.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

Purpose: To develop fat-free dressing containing a resistant starch (RS) as a dietary fiber, the viscosity and stability of various type RSes prepared from wheat, maize, potato, rice, waxy rice, and amaranth starches were investigated by using Brookfield viscometer. The shape of RS granule in the dressing during storage was also observed. Methods: The viscosity of fat free dressing with different retrograded RS3 (RS3V) prepared from waxy rice starch with 0.1% lemon vinegar and ascorbate mixed solution had higher RS3 that was maintained constant during storage. Annealing and heating prior to cross-linking, and heating after cross-linking increased RS level of RS4 type starches. Results: The viscosities and stabilities of dressings with RS were different depending on starch sources and RS preparation conditions. The heated RS4 (HRS4) increased in viscosity and stability with RS4 addition. Especially the fat-free dressings with HRS4 prepared from rice and waxy rice starches maintained stability regardless of separation after one month storage with only 7% separation after 6 month storages. The shape of RS4 granule in acidic medium of dressing did not change until 6 months. Conclusion: In this study, RS4 made by the rice and waxy rice starches showed high viscosity and maintained stability of the fat-free dressings during storage.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1993

Two strains of the gram-negative acetic acid bacteria, Acetobacter sp. strain CS2- AND CS5, were isolated form the traditional raw rice wine vinegar of Haenam area. The strains oxidized ethanol to acetic acid and over-oxidized acetate and lactate to $CO^{2}$ and $H ^{2}$O. They produced 2-ketogluconic acid from glucose but did not produce .gamma.-pyrones from glucose and dihydroxyacetone from glycerol. The CS strains possessed ubiquinone-9 as a major isoprenoid quinone and contained straight-chain $C_{18 :1}$, $_C{16 : 0}$, and $C _{14 : 0}$ fatty acids. The DNA base composition of the CS2 and CS5 strains was 56.2 and 57.3 mole% G + C, respectively. The isolates were grown well on methanol, gluconate, erythritol, raffinose, dulcitol and xylitol as sole sources of carbon and energy which are different from those of other Acetobacter species and producedd acid from sucrose, glycerol, fructose, inositol, mannitol, and ribose.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2007

뜰보리수의 부가가치 향상과 새로운 식품자원의 개발을 위한 뜰보리수 추출물과 현미식초의 혼합음료를 개발하고자 혼합조건에 따른 관능적 품질특성을 분석하여 제조조건을 최적화 하고자 차였다. 음료의 색, 풍미, 맛 그리고 기호도는 뜰보리수 추출물의 함량이 낮을 경우 유의성이 있게 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 풍미는 현미식초의 함량이 적을수록 높았으며, 맛은 색도와 같이 뜰보리수의 함량이 낮은 혼합구에서 가장 높았다. 음료의 기호도는 뜰보리수 추출물의 함량이 낮은 처리구에서 기호도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 뜰보리수 혼합음료의 관능검사 결과에 대하여 수립된 이차모형의 회귀식은 색도와 풍미에 대해서는 0.94정도의 비교적 높은 결정계수를 나타내었으나 맛과 기호도의 항목에서는 만족할만한 수준의 유의성을 나타내지 못하였다. 뜰보리수 혼합음료의 관능적 특성에 미치는 독립변수의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 뜰보리수 추출물의 함량은 음료의 색도에, 그리고 현미식초의 함량은 음료의 풍미에 대하여 1%이내의 수준으로 유의적인 관계를 나타내었다. 혼합음료의 관능검사 결과는 색도가 5.15점이 가장 기호도로 예측되었다. 혼합조건은 뜰보리수 추출물과 현미식초가 각각 5.2%, 3.2% 첨가할 경우로 예측되었으며 풍미는 각각 10.79%와 0.4%로 혼합하였을 때 4.06점이 정상점으로 예측되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.778-787
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• 2016

본 연구는 배를 주소재로 이용하고 부재료로 흑미와 애플민트를 이용하여 발효식초를 제조하여 각 식초의 이화학적인 품질특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교하여 기능성 발효식초의 품질향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 각 식초의 pH, 총산도, 당도, 색도, 아미노산 함량, 관능평가, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 분석하였다. 대조군으로 곡류초인 현미식초를 이용하였다. 배를 이용한 발효식초는 pH 3.17~3.43 범위 내에서 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였고, 총산도는 4.01~5.05%으로 배흑미식초가 가장 높았다. 당 함량은 식초 제조 시 첨가된 설탕과 배의 당도가 합쳐져 유의적으로 배식초와 배민트식초가 높았다(p<0.05). 식초의 색도는 배식초의 명도가 유의적으로 높았으며 적색도는 배흑미식초, 황색도는 배민트식초가 높아 부수적으로 첨가한 재료에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 필수아미노산은 배식초가 유의적으로 lysine, isoleucine, valine, threonine 순으로 많았고 다음으로 현미식초가 많이 함유하였다 (p<0.05). 비필수아미노산은 전체적으로 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 함량이 많았으며 glutamic acid는 현미식초, 배흑미식초, 배식초, 배민트식초 순이었고 aspartic acid는 배식초, 배민트식초, 현미식초, 배흑미식초 순이었다(p<0.05). 총 폴리페놀 함량은 유의적으로 배식초가 가장 많았으며 배흑미식초나 현미식초는 유사하고 배민트식초가 가장 적었다(p<0.05). 총 플라보노이드 함량은 배흑미식초가 가장 많았고 배민트식초, 배식초 순을 보였으며 현미식초는 현저하게 낮았다. DPPH 라디칼소거능은 배식초의 소거활성이 유의적으로 가장 높았으며(p<0.05) 배흑미식초, 현미식초, 배민트식초 순으로 나타나 식초의 항산화활성에 주로 기여하는 물질은 폴리페놀 화합물임을 비례적으로 나타내었다. 식초의 관능평가 결과 강도 뿐 아니라 기호도에서도 배흑미식초가 유의적으로 가장 높게 나왔다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 배를 이용한 발효식초는 배식초의 품질특성이 가장 우수하였고 전체적으로 저산도식초로서 아미노산 함량이나 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높고 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 우수하여 조미용 뿐 아니라 음료용 식초로도 폭넓게 이용하면 국민건강 향상을 위한 기능성 발효식초 음료로 활용도가 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2015

In this study, we used the mixture made from the Rice bran 45 ㎏, Dendropanax 5 ㎏, the sugar of the 10% of the total weight, and the enzyme of the 0.1% of the total weight. After the mixture were fermented for 90 days under 20 $^{\circ}C$, we measured the cell viability and the inhibition rate of the melanin biosynthesis, the activity of tyrosinase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in malignant melanoma, B16F10 cells, in order to survey the whitening effect and the mechanism of the effects on the sample. As a result, the samples significantly suppressed the cell viability of B16F10 in more than 500 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖ and significantly inhibited the generation of melanin induced by ${\alpha}$-MSH in more than 1,000 ${{\mu}g}$/㎖. Sample decreased the activity of tyrosinase while increased the activity of SOD in dose dependent manner. Therefore, we considered that the fermentation extract made from a Rice bran and Dendropanax will be able to produce high value-added products, if used as a commercial.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.92-108
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• 2014

"Eumsigbangmun(飮食方文)"is an old culinary archive written in 1880s and has been categorized into 144 parts, 86.5% of the archive deals with food, while the rest deals with clothing and dwelling. The contents of the food section are : recipe, storage, effect and taboo. The recipes are : 7 staple foods, 57 side dishes, 13 rice cakes, 5 Korean cookies and 7 drinks. The spices are : hot chilli pepper paste, soybean sauce and vinegar. The traditional alcoholic drinks are significant to the old culinary archive, but "Eumsigbangmun" has no record of it. Supplying food was a major problem during those times ; therefore, the archive introduces 17 methods of storing and engineering food, such as : storing vegetables and fruits, method of beef jerky, cleansing and storing of fishes. It also cautions about the traits and effects of fishes and meats. "Eumsigbangmun" is mostly similar to "Gyuhabchongseo(閨閤叢書)" and "Jusiksiui(酒食是儀)", however, it deals with / introduces unique foods such as doejomitang and yangjjim.