• Title/Summary/Keyword: rice and noodles

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Food preferences of foreigners residing in Korea (주한 외국인의 한국 식당의 음식 및 써비스에 대한 의견조사)

  • 문수재
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 1986
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate foreigners' preferences in Korean foods as served in Korean restaurants. A questionnaire was constructed for this study and sent to foreigners residing in the Seoul area. The study showed that when they have a chance to choose a restaurant for eating out, the decision to choose a Korean-Style restaurant is made on the basis of the special flavor of Korean food as well as the desire to experience Korean traditional food culture. Korean style barbecue, mixed vegetables, and dumplings are preferred by most foreigners. Beef rib stew and pibimbab were also selected frequently. Muk, maeuntang, rice cakes, cold noodles and sea weeds were not preferred.

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A Study on Dietary Behaviors and Nutritional Knowledge Related Sodium Intake of High School Students in Incheon (인천지역 고등학생의 나트륨 섭취 관련 식행동 및 영양지식 평가)

  • Kim, Ji-Hye;Kim, Myung-Hee;Choi, Mi-Kyeong;Kim, Mi-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.316-324
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behavior and nutritional knowledge related to sodium intake in high school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 400 high school students (200 boys) in Incheon, Korea. Survey data were analyzed according to gender and degree of obesity. The distribution of the degree of obesity was the highest in 231 normal weight individuals (57.8%), followed by 89 underweight (22.3%), 41 overweight (10.3%), and 39 obese (9.8%). The sodium-related undesirable dietary behavior score was 2.9 points out of 5 points. The detailed dietary behavior scores of 'I eat kimchi when I eat instant noodles or noodles' and 'I like dried fish with salt' were significantly higher in boys than in girls (p<0.05). It was found that boys consumed more frequently high sodium foods, such as pizza, hamburger, and hotdog than girls. According to the degree of obesity, the underweight group consumed more kimchi fried rice and potato chips frequently than the other groups (p<0.05). Preference for salty taste was not significantly different among the groups by gender and degree of obesity. Sodium-related nutritional knowledge score was 5.3 points out of 10 and which was significantly higher in girls or normal weight group than in boys or obesity group. These results suggest that nutritional education on sodium intake is needed because the nutritional knowledge of adolescents is relatively low. Moreover, intensive nutritional guidance is required, especially in boys or adolescents with undesirable degree of obesity.

Literature Review on the Pharmaceutical Effect on Korean Traditional Foods in ${\ulcorner}$Eumsikdimibang${\lrcorner}$ ("음식디미방"에 수록된 전통음식의 향약성에 관한 고찰)

  • 신민자;이영순;최수근
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.325-335
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    • 2001
  • The pharmaceutical effects of Korean traditional foods made in ${\ulcorner$Eumsikdimibang${\lrcorner}$ were studied. Eumsikdimibangis a representative ancient book of cooking, which was published in 1653 by Mme. Jang. The type of food in Eumsikdimibang were Guksu(wheat vermicelli as like western noodles) Mandu(bun stuffed with seasoned meat and vegetables), Guk(soup), J'IM(steam meat or fish). Chae, Noorumi, Hyae(sliced raw fish), Jockpyun(jellied beef soup), Jockgall(salted seafood), Kimchi, Juk(skewer or broach) Jhee. Sun(steaming of stuffed vegetable), Bockuem, Jeon(pan fried fish), Gui(meat or fish grilled with seasoning), Dock(Korean rice cake), Jabgwa, Beverage and Junggwa. Each Korean foods has a phamarceutical action; enhancement of physical activity, thirst elimination, detoxication and treatment disease.

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Changes in Dietary Habits of Adults with Middle and Upper Income Levels in Seoul (서울대학교 중상류층 성인의 식습관 변화)

  • 장남수
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.547-558
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    • 1996
  • A rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization brings about a change in economic status which results in considerable changes in lifestyle including food habits and disease and mortality patterns. The purpose of the present study was to investigate recent food habit changes if any, reasons for food habit change, current food consumption patterns, and breakfast practices among urban adults with middle and upper income levels. Three hundred men and women, aged 20-60 years, were randomly selected and interviewed individually by trained interviewers. Among the twenty food groups studied, subjects reported that, compared to two years ago, they are now eating more fast foods, meats, fish, vegetables and fruits, and less rice, noodles, pastries, and salt. The changes in fast foods, fruits, and rice consumption patterns varied significantly between age, sex, income level, and BMI groups. The two most primary reasons for food habit changes were 'for my own health' and 'for my family's health', which shows that health seems to be the major concern in changing food habits. Among meals, the breakfast meal was rated as the most important one, and was not affected by the sociodemographic variables. However, the average rate of skipping breakfast was found to be as high as 33% with a greater rate in younger age groups. The rats of breakfast skipping was found to vary between different income, education, and BMI groups. Among the subjects who eat breakfast meals daily, a traditional Korean breakfast of rice and soup was found to be still a predominant choice, although younger age groups, upper income groups, and people with more education choice, although younger age groups, upper income groups, and people with more education tended to eat a western-style breakfast more frequently. These findings are applicable at the planning and implementation stages of various nutritional improvement projects as a part of the National health Promotion Law.

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Dietary Pattern by Sex and Age with Menu Analysis Using 1998, 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea (한국인의 성별 및 연령별 메뉴패턴 비교 - 1998, 2001 국민건강영양조사 자료 분석 -)

  • Choi, Ji-Hyun;Moon, Hyun-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.798-814
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to compare menu patterns by sex and age (3-6, 7-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65 over years old) between the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Korea. Frequently consumed menu patterns were investigated using the 24-hour recall data for 19,809 subjects (1998:10,102; 2001:9,707). To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into 29 categories by cooking method (KHIDI 2003). The results are as follows: the most frequent menu patterns were "rice+soup+kimchi" and "rice+stew+kimchi" in both men and women in both 1998 and 2001. Intake frequency of these menu patterns, a traditional Korean menu pattern, was higher with increased age. Intake frequency of "noodles" and "bread" increased in 2001 in both men and women, compared to 1998. And these patterns increased in the younger age groups, especially women in their twenties. Menu patterns of 2001 showed greater variety than those of 1998. Overall, the men's menu patterns showed more side dishes than those of women; intake frequencies of "seasoned vegetables", "stir-fried foods", and "grilled foods" were higher in men than in women. In short, so far the main menu pattern has been "rice-style" in both men and women, and in all age groups in Korea, whereas the Western menu pattern is increasing in younger age groups. The diet of 2001 showed more side dishes than that of the 1998 menu pattern; however, certain groups such as female and males in adolescents and young adults were still a simple menu pattern. Consequently, to make recommended menu patterns and nutrition education programs for Koreans should take into consideration sex and age.

The food Choices and Dietary Preferences of College Women (여대생(女大生)의 음식(飮食) 선택(選擇) 및 기호(嗜好) 성향(性向))

  • Kim, Young-Ja
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 1976
  • To investigate the food choices and Dietary Preferences of College Women the number of dishes sold and the sales of the midmeal at the Student Cafeteria, Ewha Womans University were recorded for the fiscal year of 1974; and the observations were made on two consecutive days (June 3rd and 4th, 1974)on what a person has chosen which and how many dishes. The relationship between the number of the consecutive days and the number of foods chosen were treated as Chi square analysis. The results of the food choices and dietary preferences of College Women were as follows: 1. Breads and rice cakes, vegetable dishes, milk and milk products, rice dishes, soups, meat, fish, poultry and eggs, Kimchis and one dish meal were chosen highly; and beverages, stews, and soybeans and soybean products were chosen negligibly. 2. One dish meals, vegetable dishes, meat, fish, poultry and eggs, milk and milk products showed the highest sales volume during the year; rice dishes, breads and rice cakes were the second highest in sales amount; fried foods, snacks and Kimchis showed the range of $3{\sim}6%$ of the total sales; and the beverages, stews, soybean and soybean products were the lowest in sales amount. 3. Seasonal differences were noticed on some dishes. Breads add rice cakes, milk and milk products showed the high selections from March to November and the low, during December to February. Stews, Kimchis, beverages were kept low except sudden rise on February. One dish meal and rice dishes showed almost same level during the year but on February the slight increase were noticed; even level were kept on meat group except the increase to $13{\sim}16%$ on July and December. Fried foods were kept on similar level during the year except the increase on June. Snacks and fruits showed low selections on March, April, November and December and higher at summer. Vegetables, soups, soybean and soybean products showed no different fluctuations in selections during the year. 4. Rolls, salads, milk, hamburgers, fried vegetables, rice with mired vegetables(Bi-bim-bab), and Nang-myun were the single dishes chosen most frequently. 5. There is significant relationship at 0.05 level between the consecutive days and the number of foods chosen. It is concluded that about 50% of the population has taken one item of dishes. The popular combinations were one dish meal and soup or Kimchi; noodles and salads or fried vegetables. It is suggested to set up choice menus with the daily variations, cyclical variations and with the invariable ones; and to recommend one dish meal, breads, partial meals for school lunch; and to study to improve one dish meal, vegetable dishes and fried foods, which are new and inexpensive products. It is also suggested that the feeding of the college students should have to lead the people to the goal that the nutrition education is desired.

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A Study on the Comparison Among Korea, China and Japan Food Cultures (II) - From 14C to 19C, on the Daily foods - (한(韓).중(中).일(日)의 식생활문화(食生活文化) 비교연구(比較硏究) (II) - $14{\sim}19$세기, 일상식품(日常食品)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Ahn, Myung-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.353-364
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    • 1997
  • A study was carried out to compare the daily foods which were eaten during $14{\sim}19$ century among Korea (Chosun dynasty), China (Ming, thing dynasty), and Japan (Muromachi, Edo era). Specially, in Ming, Ching dynasty, Noodles and dumpling were cooked very often and in Muromachi, Edo era, many kinds of beans were used so much, and there were many kinds of steamed rice to compare with Korea and China. Also, in Japan at these era Woodong, Morisoba, and Somyen were used as favorite foods harbitually. 1. The crops were used as staple foods in three countries such as steamed rice, gruel, noodle, dumpling, rice cake etc. commonly. 2. In Chosun, a roe deer, deer, antelope, and wild boar were more favoite dishes than cow, chicken, and dog, generally people enjoyed to eat pork and chicken. In Ming Ching, pork, chicken, goose, dove, lamb, ass, and duck were used as food materials, also wild animals such as deer, rabbit, and monkey etc. were used. In Muromach era, wild animal as racoon dog, otter, deer, antelope, bear, were used as food materials, in early Edo era (Yayoi and Momoyama), beef and pork were used as daily foods but they were eaten decreasingly in Edo era. So in Japan at those era, the dishes prepared of fishes were more than those of meats. For example, Sushi was made from that time, people all over the world are enjoying to have Sushi at present time. 3. Also in these era, many kinds of vegetables and fruits were used in three countries, and new kinds of vegetables and fruits were introduced from foreign countries, for example, red pepper, pumpkin, sweet potato, potato in Korea, corn, sweet potato, red pepper in China, and water melon, pumpkin, corn, red pepper, marmellow, sweet potato, sugar beet in Japan.

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Representative Nutrients Contents and Nutritional Adequacy Evaluation of Single-Dish Meal for Middle School Students (일부 지역 중학생 대상 일품요리의 대표영양가 산출 및 영양적정성 평가)

  • Lee, Gisun;Kim, Youngnam
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal. Methods: From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/ warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/ porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation. Results: The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of singledish meals were ${\geq}5.00$ (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ${\geq}1/week$. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups. Conclusions: The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.

A Study on Foods for the Ancestral Rites (祭需에 관한 문헌고찰)

  • Lee, Kil-Pyo;Kim, In-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 1999
  • Originally, ancestral rites is a ceremony to pay filial piety to ancestors continuously even though they died, and this is a startingpoint based on the thought of paying respect to ancestors and 'root consciousness' which Korean people have. In the earliest days, Korean people worshipped nature and the sacrificial rituals were performed mainly for the fods of the skies and the earth. After the end-Koryeo Era introduced [Juja-Garye]ancestrial rites of forefather in home generalized. By the way, the foods for ancestrial rites on the original literature centering the [Sa-Rye-Pyon-Ram]are as follows: raw meat(saeng: 牲), rice and broth(ban, gaeng: 飯羹), fruits(果), slice meats(po: 脯), salted dry fish(jaban(佐飯), rice punch(sikhye: 食醯), soup(tang: 湯), fish and meat, roasts beef (jeok: 炙), roast vegetable(sookchae: 熟菜), rice cake(pyon: 餠), noodles(麵), soy(醬), Kimchi(沈菜), drink(酒), green tea(cha: 茶) etc. Today, ancestral rites, basically with this conception, has a function to bind the family and relatives as one. But as double income family are increasing, most housewives have heavy burden mentally and financially to prepare the food for the ancestral. The foods for ancestral rites can be said a way to express the internal true heart, and a basic medium to practice the filial piety. Many documents let us know that a few days before the ancestral rites, we should prepare the food for it with careful and pious attitude. And, they stress that our sincere attitude in preparing food is important rather than its quantity. In this industrial society, we have lots of difficulty preparing and observing the same service as it in the traditional socity. But I think that housewives can be freed from the burden they have to some degree when they realize what the true meaning of ancestral rites is and that the food for it plays a role an external expression.

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A Study of Cookery of Daily Meal (Bankwa Sang: Fruit Table) in Wonheng Ulmyo Jungri Euigwae (1795) (원행을묘정리의궤(園行乙卯整理儀軌) 중(中) 조리면(調理面)에서 본 반과상고(盤果床考))

  • Kim, Sang-Bo;Han, Bok-Jin;Lee, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-41
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    • 1990
  • To analyze dialy meal of royal meal, studied Bankwa Sang(Fruit Table) were on record Wonheng Ulmyo Jungri Euigwae (1795). Historic book 'Jungri Euigwae' described the king's visit to his father's royal tomb 'Hyun Neung Won', during the domain of Cheung Jo, the 22nd king of Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study areas follows. The fruit table, which similar in concept to desert in the west but quite different in service, was prepared for a guest. The table consisted of two kinds of trays, on which serveral kinds of fruit were stacked to a height of between 4 chon (4寸 : about 12 cm) and 1 chuk(1尺 : about 30.3 cm) according to Korean measurement system. The table was decorated with beautiful artificial flowers made of paper and silk. The number of sets to be arranged on the table were different according to the royal status of the eater: 12 sets-25 sets for king's mother, 7 sets-11 sets for the king. Soy sauce mixed with vinegar and pine-nu meal, mustard were ruled out from kind of sets. Kinds of dishes served with a meal generally were noodles (麵), soup (湯), fried fish (煎油花), fried meats and vegetables (花陽灸), slices of raw fish (魚膾), minced raw meat (肉膾), slices of boiled beef (片肉), stew (蒸), rice cake (餠), sweet rice dish (藥飯), patterned savory cake (茶食), fried cake made of wheat flour, honey and oil (藥果), fried glutinous rice cake (强精), various fruits preserved in honey (正果), sugar candies (各色糖), fruits (果物) honey (淸), soy sauce mixed with vinegar and pine-nut meal (醋醬), mustard (莽子).

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