• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1574-1586
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• 2016

The aims of this research is to build Customer Delight index contents model for measuring the influential factors - Customer Delight and identify the relationship among Customer Delight, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Customer Delight hypothesis model was proposed by Catering Service Industry of Starbucks and validate the final questionnaire; 7 point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) are used to analyze the reliability. And path analysis was used to evaluating the final hypothesis model. The results of this research was that the customer Self-involvement can lead to high awakening level and it also bring positive emotion to the customer. Awakening Level and positive emotion were the key factors for the Customer Delight. Instead of customer expectation, Customer Delight is based on customer awakening level and positive emotion which is different from Customer Satisfaction model. It is clearly to see the discrepancies between Customer Delight and Customer Satisfaction.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

The consumer is living in the frame which is called a city and is leading life through "the purchase act". As for there not being "the purchase act", our life doesn't stand up. It is possible to say that the retail trade it therefore occupies the mailbox which is important in the urban function. However, as for former research, the functional model about the retail trade in the city leaned to the gross income of the customer development degree of each retail store and the retail trade in the city and the overall show of the model of "the role of the retail trade in the city" wasn't done. Therefore, at this article, it focuses on the retail business status, the chain store which has a multitude ready in the retail trade, and it has a purpose of seizing out boiling and considering and making a new hypothesis about how the retail trade which is one of the urban functions contributes to the city.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

In this paper, the effects of educational contents on job behavior, the effects of job behavior on job effectiveness and the effects of educational contents on job effectiveness were studied when working in the Software field. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the learning workers who conducted the training in the IT field, and 302 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. The research model was set up to test exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis, and the research hypothesis was tested by applying structural equation. The effects of job behavior on job effectiveness were positively related to job satisfaction, customer orientation, and organizational commitment.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.295-312
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• 2020

The earlier literature widely documented the role of natural resources in economic development and confined their findings either in support of resource blessing growth or resource curse hypothesis. The ample research on the stated theme has available in the relevant databases, supported with empirical data, while a few studies used a case study or mixed-method approach. The study identified plenty of room on a given topic by conducting a systematic literature review and synthesizing the literature in more meaningful inferences. After a thorough investigation of the literature review through systematic intervention, the study concludes that natural resource management is imperative for a country's sustained growth. Simultaneously, it is desirable to reduce resource conflicts, improve institutional performance, decrease corruption, and stabilize the political environment to get maximum natural resource management potential globally.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1664-1675
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• 2021

In order to verify the statistical performance of the nonparametric tests used in the MARSSIM approach, all plausible contamination distribution types that can be encountered in a survey area should be investigated. As the first of such investigations, this study aims to perform the verification for normal distribution of the contamination in a survey area by simulating the collection of random samples from it through the Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the simulations conducted for a total of 81 simulation cases showed that Sign test and WRS test both exhibited an excellent statistical performance: 100% for the former and 98.8% for the latter. Therefore, in final status surveys of the MARSSIM approach, a high statistical performance can be expected in applying the nonparametric hypothesis tests to survey areas whose net contamination can be assumed to be normally distributed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.201-214
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• 2022

This study theoretically and empirically examined whether organizational communication mediates the effect of organizational learning culture perceived by members in the organization on task performance and contextual performance. Organizational learning culture is defined as a culture that is good at creating, acquiring, transferring, and modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights. The hypothesis of this study is that the perceived organizational learning culture can increase performance through organizational communication between members. In particular, we measured communication within the organization into three types: upward, horizontal, and downward. These communications were set as mediating variables. In empirical studies, independent variables were perceived organizational learning culture, mediation variables were upward, horizontal and downward communication, and dependent variables were task performance and contextual performance. Hypothesis 1 is that the organizational learning culture will have a positive effect on employees' tasks and contextual performance. Hypothesis 2 is about the mediating effect of communication on the relationship between Hypothesis 1. In the empirical study, after verifying the validity and reliability of the research variables, correlation analysis and hypothesis verification were conducted. Hypothesis 1 was verified through regression analysis, and all detailed hypotheses were supported. To verify Hypothesis 2, we conducted a bootstrap test using process macro to separate the total, direct, and indirect effects and examine the significance of the indirect effects. As a result, Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Downward communication mediated organizational learning culture and task and contextual performance, and horizontal communication mediated organizational learning culture and contextual performance. The mediating effect of upward communication was not significant. The results of this study contributed to the suggestion of implications, research limitations, and research directions. Organizational learning culture is the direction and intention of the organization to achieve its goals through the learning and growth of its members. By strengthening internal motivation, organizational members can take voluntary desirable actions that help groups and organizations as well as essential tasks given. since this relationship appears as a medium of downward communication, organizations can strengthen the relationship between organizational learning culture and performance through leadership education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1982

The main purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured information on the sleep amount of the patients undergoing open heart surgery. This study has specifically addressed to the Following two basic research questions: (1) Would the structed in formation influence in the reduction of sleep disturbance related to anxiety and Physical stress before and after the operation? and (2) that would be the effects of the structured information on the level of preoperative state anxiety, the hormonal change, and the degree of behavioral change in the patients undergoing an open heart surgery? A Quasi-experimental research was designed to answer these questions with one experimental group and one control group. Subjects in both groups were matched as closely as possible to avoid the effect of the differences inherent to the group characteristics, Baseline data were also. collected on both groups for 7 days prior to the experiment and found that subjects in both groups had comparable sleep patterns, trait anxiety, hormonal levels and behavioral level. A structured information as an experimental input was given to the subjects in the experimental group only. Data were collected and compared between the experimental group and the control group on the sleep amount of the consecutive pre and post operative days, on preoperative state anxiety level, and on hormonal and behavioral changes. To test the effectiveness of the structured information, two main hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated as follows; Main hypothesis 1: Experimental group which received structured information will have more sleep amount than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Main hypothesis 2: Experimental group with structured information will have more sleep, amount than control group without structured information during the week following the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 1: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the level of State anxiety than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have lower hormonal level than control group without stuctured information on the 5th day after the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 3: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the behavioral change level than control group without structured information during the week after the open heart surgery. The research was conducted in a national university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The 53 Subjects who participated in the study were systematically divided into experimental group and control group which was decided by random sampling method. Among 53 subjects, 26 were placed in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Instruments; (1) Structed information: Structured information as an independent variable was constructed by the researcher on the basis of Roy's adaptation model consisting of physiologic needs, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs as related to the sleep and of operational procedures. (2) Sleep amount measure: Sleep amount as main dependent variable was measured by trained nurses through observation on the basis of the established criteria, such as closed or open eyes, regular or irregular respiration, body movement, posture, responses to the light and question, facial expressions and self report after sleep. (3) State anxiety measure: State Anxiety as a sub-dependent variable was measured by Spi-elberger's STAI Anxiety scale, (4) Hormornal change measure: Hormone as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the cortisol level in plasma. (5) Behavior change measure: Behavior as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the Behavior and Mood Rating Scale by Wyatt. The data were collected over a period of four months, from June to October 1981, after the pretest period of two months. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean differences and analysis of covariance was used. The result of the test for instruments show as follows: (1) STAI measurement for trait and state anxiety as analyzed by Cronbachs alpha coefficient analysis for item analysis and reliability showed the reliability level at r= .90 r= .91 respectively. (2) Behavior and Mood Rating Scale measurement was analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis technique. Seven factors retained were anger, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, bizarre behavior, suspicious behavior and emotional withdrawal. Cumulative percentage of each factor was 71.3%. The result of the test for hypotheses show as follows; (1) Main hypothesis, was not supported. The experimental group has 282 minutes of sleep as compared to the 255 minutes of sleep by the control group. Thus the sleep amount was higher in experimental group than in control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (2) Main hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean sleep amount of the experimental group and control group were 297 minutes and 278 minutes respectively Therefore, the experimental group had more sleep amount as compared to the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. Thus, the main hypothesis 2 was not supported. (3) Sub-hypothesis 1 was not supported. The mean state anxiety of the experimental group and control group were 42.3, 43.9 in scores. Thus, the experimental group had slightly lower state anxiety level than control group, howe-ver, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (4) Sub-hypothesis 2 was not supported. . The mean hormonal level of the experimental group and control group were 338 ㎍ and 440 ㎍ respectively. Thus, the experimental group showed decreased hormonal level than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (5) Sub-hypothesis 3 was supported. The mean behavioral level of the experimental group and control group were 29.60 and 32.00 respectively in score. Thus, the experimental group showed lower behavioral change level than the control group. The difference was statistically significant at .05 level. In summary, the structured information did not influence the sleep amount, state anxiety or hormonal level of the subjects undergoing an open heart surgery at a statistically significant level, however, it showed a definite trends in their relationships, not least to mention its significant effect shown on behavioral change level. It can further be speculated that a great degree of individual differences in the variables such as sleep amount, state anxiety and fluctuation in hormonal level may partly be responsible for the statistical insensitivity to the experimentation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2008

This study examines applying the elderly poverty labor hypothesis and skill-biased technological change hypothesis to labor force participation rate(LFPR) of older males in Korea. These hypotheses have hardly been examined on the this group. The analysis is based on the data "Summary of economically active population($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Population projection($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Report on wage structure survey($1993{\sim}2005$)" and "Korea Labor and Income Panel Study($1998{\sim}2006$)". The method employed for this study is logistic regression. The main results from this analysis are summarized in five points. Firstly, Korean older males' LFPR have been increasing since 1965 when industrialization was expanding at full steam. This trend has been different from the decreasing trend of industrialized countries. The second finding is that poor older males' LFPR is, on the average, 5.2% higher than that of non-poor older males from 1998 to 2005. The third result is that the non-elderly man has been increasingly positioned at higher grade occupations, while the elderly man has been held at lower grade occupations. The fourth is that labor demand for highly educated workers has exceeded the increased labor supply of the group, while the demand for low educated workers has decreased far beyond the declined labor supply. As a result, college premium has increased from 139% in 1993 to 157.8% in 2005. The final main implication of this study is that the industrialization theory and modernization hypothesis still holds for the LFPR of Korean older males. However, the elderly affluence hypothesis of the LFPR of older males are hardly persuasive in explaining Korean phenomenon. Especially, we find that the elderly poverty is the main mechanism in determining the Korean LFPR in old ages. This supports the elderly poverty labor hypothesis presented in this study. Skill-biased technological change hypothesis partially explains the LFPR of older man. However, we believe that other factors; human capital specially high school education rather than university education and skill required in less skill biased occupations or the poverty; also have taken effect.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

The understanding of the mechanism of device degradation has been accomplished recently, for devices using $AlQ_3$ electron transport and emitter molecule. In this presentation the experimental evidence for the degradation mechanism of $AlQ_3$ based devices will be reviewed, showing that the hypothesis of an unstable $AlQ_3^+$ cation explains a large amount of experimental data. This hypothesis, however, explains not only the room temperature device degradation in time but also sheds light on temperature stability of OLEDs. Dependence of half-life of a series of devices with an emitter layer composed of a mixture of $AlQ_3$ and different hole transport molecules (mixed emitter layer) will be discussed when they are operated at elevated temperatures. These results can also be explained in the framework of an unstable $AlQ_3^+$ species. An OLED structure containing a doped mixed emitter layer will be described, which shows extraordinary stability, half-life of 1200 hours at operating temperature of 70 C and initial luminance of 1650 $cd/m^2$. We will also discuss a novel Black $Cathode^{TM}$ OLED with reduced optical reflectivity, which is also stable at elevated temperatures. The new cathode utilizes a conductive light-absorbing layer made of a mixture of metals and organic materials.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between product characteristics and customer purchase intention in cross-border online shopping. Research design, data, and methodology: Through literature review, the research model of product characteristics and consumers' purchase intention is constructed, and trust is taken as a medium variable. Based on the survey data of Chinese consumers, empirical analysis and hypothesis verification are conducted. This study used SPSS version 21 to confirm the reliability and validity of the research model. To confirm the media effect of the model in this study, the Sobel Test was used. Results: The results of hypothesis identification of this research model showed that 8 of the 11 hypotheses were adopted and 3 were rejected. Results confirmed the relationship between product characteristics (specification, diversity, reputation, novelty, quality) and customer purchase intention. Conclusions: The result from this study had particular theoretical significance for improving the research on cross-border online shopping systems to improve the safety and satisfaction of customers in cross-border online shopping.