• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.519-531
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• 2024

Objectives: This case study reports the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment in a patient with cyclic vomiting syndrome. Methods: A 29-year-old female Korean patient with cyclic vomiting syndrome received acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine, and moxibustion for 2 weeks in hospital. Changes in symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Index for Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (INVR), Nausea Severity Scale (NSS), Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), quality of life using the Functional Dyspepsia Related Quality of Life questionnaire (FD-QoL), and gastric motility using electrogastrography (EGG). Results: Post-treatment, the patient showed high satisfaction and improvement in symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The following changes were observed in scores: GSRS: 23 to 19; VAS of nausea: 88 to 95; VAS of dyspepsia: 95 to 12; INVR: 13 to 1; NSS: 17 to 5; NDI-K: 107 to 78; and FD-QoL 84 to 27. We also found positive results in Channel 3 of EGG parameters, implying the improvement of gastric motility disorder. Conclusion: Korean medical treatment can be a therapeutic option for cyclic vomiting syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2006

This paper is to apply Geographical Information System (GIS) supported Geomorphoclimatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GCIUH) approach for the calculated flash flood trigger rainfall of the mountainous area. GIS techniques was applied in geography data construction such as average slope, drainage area, channel characteristics. Especially, decided stream order using GIS at stream order decision that is important for input variable of GCIUH. We compared the GCIUH peak discharge with the existing report using the design storm at Chundong basin($14.58km^2$). The results showed that derived the GCIUH was a very proper method in the calculation of mountaunous discharge. At the Chundong basin, flash flood trigger rainfall was 12.57mm in the first 20 minutes when the threshold discharge was $11.42m^3/sec$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 2003

In order to avoid oxygen contamination on the diamond surface as far as possible during the device process, the A1/Ca $F_2$/diamond MISFET(metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor) was prepared by ultrahigh vacuum process and its electrical properties were investigated. The surface conductive layer of fluorinated diamond surface was employed for the conducting channel of the MISFET. The observed effective mobility(${\mu}$e$\_$ff/) of the MISFET was 300 c $m^2$/Vs, which is the highest value obtained until now in the diamond FET. Besides, the measured surface state density of the device was ∼10$\^$11//c $m^2$ eV, which is comparable with conventional Si MOSFET$\_$s/(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors). This work is the first report of the fluorinated diamond MISFET prepared by ultrahigh vacuum process and its application to inverter circuit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.472-476
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• 2014

We report the characteristics of thin-film transistor (TFT) to make the bi-channel structure with stacked $Mg_{0.1}Zn_{0.9}O$ (Mg= 10 at.%) and ZnO. The ZnO and $Mg_{0.1}ZnO_{0.9}O$ thin films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) co-sputter system onto the thermally oxidized silicon substrate. A total thickness of active layer was 50 nm. Firstly, the ZnO thin films were deposited to control the thickness from 5 nm to 30 nm. Sequentially, the $Mg_{0.1}ZnO_{0.9}O$ thin films were deposited to change from 45 nm to 20 nm. The bi-layer TFT shows more improved properties than the single layer TFT. The field effect mobility and subthreshold slope for $Mg_{0.1}ZnO_{0.9}O$/ZnO-TFT are $7.40cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$ and 0.24 V/decade at the ZnO thickness of 10 nm, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility genes responsible for lumbar spondylosis (LS) in Korean patients. Methods : Data from 1427 subjects were made available for radiographic grading and genome wide association studies (GWAS) analysis. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were obtained and the various degrees of degenerative change were semi-quantitatively scored. A pilot GWAS was performed using the AffymetrixGenome-Wide Human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 500K array. A total of 352228 SNPs were analyzed and the association between the SNPs and case-control status was analyzed by stepwise logistic regression analyses. Results : The top 100 SNPs with a cutoff p-value of less than $3.7{\times}10^{-4}$ were selected for joint space narrowing, while a cutoff p-value of $6.0{\times}10^{-4}$ was applied to osteophytes and the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) osteoarthritis grade. The SNPs with the strongest effect on disc space narrowing, osteophytes, and K-L grade were serine incorporator 1 (rs155467, odds ratio [OR]=17.58, $p=1.6{\times}10^{-4}$), stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM1, rs210781, OR=5.53, $p=5{\times}10^{-4}$), and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C (rs11224760, OR=3.99, $p=4.8{\times}10^{-4}$), respectively. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 was significantly associated with both disc space narrowing and osteophytes (rs1979400, OR=2.01, $p=1.1{\times}10^{-4}$ for disc space narrowing, OR=1.79, $p=3{\times}10^{-4}$ for osteophytes), while zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7C was significantly and negatively associated with both osteophytes and a K-L grade >2 (rs12457004,OR=0.25, $p=5.8{\times}10^{-4}$ and OR=0.27, $p=5.3{\times}10^{-4}$, respectively). Conclusion : We identified SNPs that potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of LS. This is the first report of a GWAS in an Asian population.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.717-723
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• 2007

In recent years, the transportation sector has been undergoing very rapid and multifarious changes due to the M&A, alliances between shipping companies, introduction of larger container ship as it cost reduction measure and the application of integrated logistics to satisfy the needs of customers. Therefore, container terminal is required adequate terminal facilities, sufficient channel depth, efficient handling and low cost of port fees and dues. The purpose of this paper is for functional assessment of efficient container terminal. Firstly, the container operating process information about yard equipment and chassis is extracted through the analysis of practical daily work report of container terminal. Also, the formulae of skill factor and troubles of operator on transfer crane are defined. Lastly, container handling simulation model which consideration of skill factor and trouble of operator is proposed by Petri network model.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

In this study, we report on the novel lithographic patterning method to fabricate organic thin film field effect transistors (OTFTs) based on photo and e-beam lithography with well-known silicon technology. The method is applied to fabricate pentacene-based organic field effect transistors. Owing to their solubility, sub-micron sized patterning of P3HT and PEDOT has been well established via micromolding in capillaries and inkjet printing techniques. Since the thermally deposited pentacene cannot be dissolved in solvents, other approach was done to fabricate pentacene FETs with a very short channel length (~30 nm), or in-plane orientation of pentacene molecules by using nanometer-scale periodic groove patterns as an alignment layer for high-performance pentacene devices. Here, we introduce $Al_2O_3$ film grown via atomic layer deposition method onto pentacene as a passivation layer. $Al_2O_3$ passivation layer on OTFTs has some advantages in preventing the penetration of water and oxygen and obtaining the long-term stability of electrical properties. AZ5214 and ma N-2402 were used as a photo and e-beam resist, respectively. A few micrometer sized lithography patterns were transferred by wet and dry etching processes. Finally, we fabricated micron sized pentacene FETs and measured their electrical characteristics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2011

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare form of mineralocorticoid resistance characterized in newborns by salt wasting with dehydration, hyperkalemia and failure to thrive. This disease is heterogeneous in etiology and includes autosomal dominant PHA1 owing to mutations of the NR3C2 gene encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor, autosomal recessive PHA1 due to mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) gene, and secondary PHA1 associated with urinary tract diseases. Amongst these diseases, autosomal dominant PHA1 shows has manifestations restricted to renal tubules including a mild salt loss during infancy and that shows a gradual improvement with advancing age. Here, we report a neonatal case of PHA1 with a NR3C2 gene mutation (a heterozygous c.2146_2147insG in exon 5), in which the patient showed failure to thrive, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and elevated plasma renin and aldosterone levels. This is the first case of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 confirmed by genetic analysis in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.375-379
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• 2003

$Ca^{2+}$ influx appears to be important for triggering myoblast fusion. It remains, however, unclear how $Ca^{2+}$ influx rises prior to myoblast fusion. Recently, several studies suggested that NMDA receptors may be involved in $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization of muscle, and that $Ca^{2+}$ influx is mediated by NMDA receptors in C2C12 myoblasts. Here, we report that other types of ionotropic glutamate receptors, non-NMDA receptors (AMPA and KA receptors), are also involved in $Ca^{2+}$ influx in myoblasts. To explore which subtypes of non-NMDA receptors are expressed in C2C12 myogenic cells, RT-PCR was performed, and the results revealed that KA receptor subunits were expressed in both myoblasts and myotubes. However, AMPA receptor was not detected in myoblasts but expressed in myotubes. Using a $Ca^{2+}$ imaging system, $Ca^{2+}$ influx mediated by these receptors was directly measured in a single myoblast cell. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level was increased by KA, but not by AMPA. These results were consistent with RT-PCR data. In addition, KA-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase was completely suppressed by treatment of nifedifine, a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker. Furthermore, KA stimulated myoblast fusion in a dose-dependent manner. CNQX inhibited not only KA-induced myoblast fusion but also spontaneous myoblast fusion. Therefore, these results suggest that KA receptors are involved in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in myoblasts and then may play an important role in myoblast fusion.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

Human annexin I is a member of annexin family of calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins, which have been implicated in various physiological roles including phospholipase A2(PLA2) inhibition, membrane fusion and calcium channel activity. In this work, the structure of N-terminally truncated human annexin I ({{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I) and its interactions with Ca2+, ATP and cAMP were studied at atomic level by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The effect of Ca2+ binding on the structure of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I was investigated. The addition of Ca2+ to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I caused some changes in 13C NMR spectra. Carbonyl carbon resonances of some histidines were significantly broadened by Ca2+ binding. However, in the case of methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosin, small changes could be observed. We found that ATP and cAMP bind {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I, and the binding ratio of ATP to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is 1. These results are well consistent with the report that cAMP and ATP interact with annexin I, and affect the calcium channels formed by annexin I. Because {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is a large protein with 35 kDa molecular weight, site-specific (carbonyl-13C) labeling technique was used to study the interaction sites of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I with Ca2+. NMR study was focused on the carbonyl carbon resonances of tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine and histidine residues of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I because the number of these amino acids is small in the amino acid sequence of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I.