• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2021

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the useful parameters to diagnose the growth and development of crop and to detect crop stress. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based LST (LSTUAV) can be estimated in the regional spatial scale due to miniaturization of thermal infrared camera and development of UAV. Given that meteorological variable, type of instrument, and surface condition can affect the LSTUAV, the evaluation for accuracy of LSTUAV is required. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of LSTUAV using LST measured at ground (LSTGround) under various meteorological conditions and growth phases of garlic crop. To evaluate the accuracy of LSTUAV, Relative humidity (RH), absolute humidity (AH), gust, and vegetation index were considered. Root mean square error (RMSE) after minimizing the bias between LSTUAV and LSTGround was 2.565℃ under above 60% of RH, and it was higher than that of 1.82℃ under the below 60% of RH. Therefore, LSTUAV measurement should be conducted under the below 60% of RH. The error depending on the gust and surface conditions was not statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). LSTUAV had reliable accuracy under the wind speed conditions that allow flight and reflected the crop condition. These results help to comprehend the accuracy of LSTUAV and to utilize it in the agriculture field.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2022

This study investigated dietary habits and intra- and inter-specific food resource partitioning of co-occurring walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) from the waters off the north-eastern coast of South Korea using stomach contents and stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses. Both species are mesopelagic carnivores that consumed mainly benthopelagic crustaceans, but teleosts were also abundant in the diet of Pacific cod. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of dietary data revealed significant intra- and inter-specific dietary differences, i.e., food resource partitioning. Nitrogen stable isotope values (δ¹⁵N) were similar between walleye pollock and Pacific cod, but carbon stable isotope values (δ¹³C) were significant different, suggesting different trophic positioning. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) ordination plot further demonstrated that differences in the type and range of prey ingested by the two species contributed such an inter-specific difference in the diet compositions. Ontogenetic changes in diet compositions were evident. As walleye pollock, they preyed more upon carid shrimps and cephalopods, but no such trend was observed in the diets of Pacific cod. While stable isotope values indicated that large-sized specimens of both species were significantly enriched in ¹⁵N relative to smaller conspecifics thus supporting these data. Consequently, in this study, both methodologies, i.e., stomach contents and stable isotope analyses, provided evidence of inter- and/or intra-specific dietary segregations and trophic niche partitioning between co-occurring walleye pollock and Pacific cod off eastern Korean waters.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in the subjective quality of life (QoL) perceived by residents in different settlement spaces such as urban vs. rural and Seoul Capital Area (SCA) vs. Non-Capital Area (NCA). Using the data of the 'Quality of Life Satisfaction Survey for Balanced Development' conducted nationwide by the Presidential Committee for Balanced National Development in 2018, a propensity score matching method was introduced to compare the differences between the types of settlement spaces. The results show that no significant difference is found between all the types in satisfaction with local life, and in the case of happiness, rural residents show a higher level than those living in cities. Looking at the quality of life by QoL domain, the QoL of urban residents in SCA is generally the highest in the basic living environment, medical care, and culture/leisure domains, while the QoL of rural residents in the job/income, environment, community, and welfare domains is higher than that of residents of SCA and NCA cities. Interestingly, in no domains NCA cities show their relative strength. These results show the value of rural areas in the face of increasingly prevailing urbanization trends, and suggests that the value of rural areas must be strengthened for rural development. It is necessary to pursue policy efforts such as rural regeneration based on spatial planning in order to respond to the disorganized development that damages the value of the rural environment and landscape and to harmoniously maintain and develop the rural settlement.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2022

The intensity of fishy odor in eggs, which differs depending on the poultry type and individual perception, can be due to many factors including trimethylamine (TMA) which has been identified as the main. Notably, riboflavin can increase the activity of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, the enzyme responsible for converting TMA into odorless trimethylamine-N-oxide. This study aimed to analyze the TMA content in egg yolk, evaluate its contribution to fishy odor, and develop a method to prevent this undesired odor. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify volatile compounds in egg yolk from hens fed a standard TMA-rich diet and hens fed a riboflavin-supplemented diet. To compare the relative content of volatile substances between eggs, a correlation study was performed using an electronic nose. Higher concentration of TMA (1.06 ± 0.12 mg/kg) was detected in egg yolks obtained from hens fed a normal diet than those fed a riboflavin-supplemented diet. Overall, this study suggests that riboflavin affects the quantity and quality of volatile substances, including TMA, present in eggs and we expect these findings to improve the quality and reduce the fishy odor of eggs.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

As the latest weapon systems and electronic equipments are increasingly demanding stealth technology to improve the survivability of allies, it is necessary to implement low-observability technology that reduces the radar cross section(RCS). In order to implement this stealth technology, a method for low RCS characteristics by applying a shape design or a electromagnetic wave absorber is widely used. However, active phased array antennas have structural limitations in shape design, also when a absorber is applied to it, the performance of the antenna is degraded. Therefore, in this paper, in order to realize the low RCS characteristics of the active phased array antenna operating in the X-band, individual radiating elements suitable for applying the radio wave absorber were selected, and a 13x13 array antenna was designed and manufactured. Next, by comparing the measured results of the relative RCS and electrical performance for the manufactured antenna according to the presence and type of the absorber, it is shown that the electrical performance is maintained at an equal or higher level while obtaining the low RCS characteristics. Thereby the method proposed in this paper for implementing the low RCS characteristics was validated. Finally, it was confirmed that when the wave absorber is applied to the array antenna, the limitation of its performance deterioration can be overcome.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The need for improvement is raised due to limitations with environmental impact assessment, and the importance for data-based environmental impact assessment is increasing. In this study, data demand was derived by analyzing Agreed Terms and Conditions in the Water Environment field (Water Quality, Hydraulic & Hydrologic Conditions, and Marine Environment) of environmental impact assessment. Agreed Terms and Conditions on environmental impact assessment in the water environment field were classified and categorized by environmental impact assessment stage (addition to status survey, impact prediction and evaluation, establishment of reduction measures, post-environmental impact survey), and data demand for each type of consultation opinion was linked. As a result of the categorization of Agreed Terms and Conditions, it was classified into 18 types in the water quality, 15 types in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 17 types in the marine environment. As a result of linking data demand, the total number of data demand was 236 in the water quality, 98 in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 73 in the marine environment. The highest number of Agreed Terms and Conditions and data demands were found in the water quality for the evaluation item and establishment of reduction measures, specifically establishment of non-point source pollution reduction measures, for the stage. The numbers were judged to be linked to the relative importance of the items and the primary purpose of environmental impact assessment. The derivation of data demand through the analysis of Agreed Terms and Conditions in the environmental impact assessment can contribute to the advancement of the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports and is expected to increase data utilization by various decision-makers by establishing a systematic database.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2023

Background: The genus Panax in the Araliaceae family has been used as traditional medicinal plants worldwide and is known to biosynthesize ginsenosides and phytosterols. However, genetic variation between Panax species has influenced their biosynthetic pathways is not fully understood. Methods: Simultaneous analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes obtained from adventitious roots of two tetraploid species (Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius) and two diploid species (P. notoginseng and P. vietnamensis) revealed the diversity of their metabolites and related gene expression profiles. Results: The transcriptome analysis showed that 2,3-OXIDOSQUALENE CYCLASEs (OSCs) involved in phytosterol biosynthesis are upregulated in the diploid species, while the expression of OSCs contributing to ginsenoside biosynthesis is higher in the tetraploid species. In agreement with these results, the contents of dammarenediol-type ginsenosides were higher in the tetraploid species relative to the diploid species. Conclusion: These results suggest that a whole-genome duplication event has influenced the triterpene biosynthesis pathway in tetraploid Panax species during their evolution or ecological adaptation. This study provides a basis for further efforts to explore the genetic variation of the Panax genus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.909-914
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• 2023

While searching for the bacteria which are responsible for degradation of pesticide in soybean field soil, a novel bacterial strain, designated 5-5^T, was isolated. The cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, aerobic and non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10-42℃ (optimum, 30℃), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5), and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). The predominant fatty acids were C_15:0 anteiso, C_17:0 anteiso, and summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (H₂). Diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 5-5^T is a member of the genus Sinomonas and its closest relative is Sinomonas humi MUSC 117^T, sharing a genetic similarity of 98.4%. The draft genome of strain 5-5^T was 4,727,205 bp long with an N50 contig of 4,464,284 bp. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain 5-5^T was68.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 5-5^T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117^T and S. susongensis A31^T were 87.0, and 84.3 % respectively. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 5-5^T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117^T and S. susongensis A31^T were 32.5% and 27.9% respectively. Based on the ANI and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, the 5-5^T strain was considered as novel species belonging to the genus Sinomonas. On the basis of the results from phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5-5^T represents a novel speciesof the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5-5^T (=KCTC 49650^T =NBRC 115790^T).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2007

Liquefaction resistance depends strongly upon the degree of saturation, which is expressed in terms of the pore pressure coefficient, B. The B-value has been widely used to quantify the state of saturation of laboratory samples. However, it is practically impossible to determine in situ state of saturation by using the B-value. So, P-wave velocity can be alternatively used as a convenient index for evaluating the in situ state of saturation. In this paper, the Stokoe type torsional shear (TS) testing system was modified to saturate the specimen, with which it is also possible to measure P ($V_p$), S-wave velocity ($V_s$) and the excess pore water pressure buildup In order to examine the effect of B-value for nearly saturated sands. A series of the tests were carried out at 3 relative densities (40%, 50% and 75%) and various B-values using Toyoura sand. Based on the test results, the variations of $V_p\;and\;V_s$ with B-value were analyzed and compared with a existing theoretically derived formula. The normalized pore water pressure, $du/{\sigma}{_0}'$ and cyclic threshold shear strain, ${\gamma}^c_{th}$ with B-value were also analyzed. Additionally the test results related to pore water pressure were analyzed by $V_p$ to apply to the field seismic analysis.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.217-242
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• 2022

With the launch of Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based intelligent products on the market, innovative changes are taking place not only in business but also in consumers' daily lives. Intelligent products have the potential to realize technology differentiation and increase market competitiveness through advanced functions of artificial intelligence. However, there is no new product development methodology that can sufficiently reflect the characteristics of artificial intelligence for the purpose of developing intelligent products with high market acceptance. This study proposes a KANO-QFD integrated model as a methodology for intelligent product development. As a specific example of the empirical analysis, the types of consumer requirements for hair loss prediction and treatment device were classified, and the relative importance and priority of engineering characteristics were derived to suggest the direction of intelligent medical product development. As a result of a survey of 130 consumers, accurate prediction of future hair loss progress, future hair loss and improved future after treatment realized and viewed on a smartphone, sophisticated design, and treatment using laser and LED combined light energy were realized as attractive quality factors among the KANO categories. As a result of the analysis based on House of Quality of QFD, learning data for hair loss diagnosis and prediction, micro camera resolution for scalp scan, hair loss type classification model, customized personal account management, and hair loss progress diagnosis model were derived. This study is significant in that it presented directions for the development of artificial intelligence-based intelligent medical product that were not previously preceded.