• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2013

Theobroxide, a novel compound isolated from a fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, stimulates potato tuber formation and induces flowering of morning glory by initiating the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway. To elucidate the effect of theobroxide on pathogen resistance in plants, Nicotiana benthamiana plants treated with theobroxide were immediately infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Exogenous application of theobroxide inhibited development of lesion symptoms, and growth of the bacterial cells was significantly retarded. Semiquantitative RT-PCRs using the primers of 18 defense-related genes were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance. Among the genes, the theobroxide treatment increased the expression of patho-genesis-related protein 1a (PR1a), pathogenesis-related protein 1b (PR1b), glutathione S-transferase (GST), allen oxide cyclase (AOC), and lipoxyganase (LOX). All these data strongly indicate that theobroxide treatment inhibits disease development by faster induction of defense responses, which can be possible by the induction of defense-related genes including PR1a, PR1b, and GST triggered by the elevated jasmonic acid.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1210-1220
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• 2021

Objective: Unlike mammals, goose fatty liver shows a strong tolerance to fatty acids without obvious injury. Stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) serves crucial role in desaturation of saturated fatty acids (SAFs), but its role in the SAFs tolerance of goose hepatocytes has not been reported. This study was conducted to explore the role of SCD1 in regulating palmitic acid (PA) tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes. Methods: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was examined to reflect the effect of PA on hepatocytes viability, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of several genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and the role of SCD1 in PA tolerance of goose hepatocytes was explored using RNA interfere. Results: Our results indicated that goose hepatocytes exhibited a higher tolerant capacity to PA than human hepatic cell line (LO2 cells). In goose primary hepatocytes, the mRNA levels of fatty acid desaturation-related genes (SCD1 and fatty acid desaturase 2) and fatty acid elongate enzyme-related gene (elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6) were significantly upregulated with 0.6 mM PA treatment. However, in LO2 cells, expression of ER stress-related genes (x box-binding protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and activating transcription factor 6), inflammatory response-related genes (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interferon-γ) and apoptosis-related genes (bcl-2-associated X protein, b-cell lymphoma 2, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) was significantly enhanced with 0.6 mM PA treatment. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated downregulation of SCD1 significantly reduced the PA tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes under the treatment of 0.6 mM PA; meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory-related genes (IL-6 and IL-1β) and several key genes involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPK pathways (AKT1, AKT2, FoxO1, and sirtuin 1), as well as the protein expression of cytochrome C and the apoptosis rate were upregulated. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggested that SCD1 was involved in enhancing the PA tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes by regulating inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes expression.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.126-137
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• 2022

Objective: Efficient gene editing technology is critical for successful knock-in in domestic animals. RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) gene plays an important role in strand invasion during homologous recombination (HR) in mammals, and is regulated by checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and CHK2 genes, which are upstream elements of RAD51 recombinase (RAD51). In addition, mismatch repair (MMR) system is inextricably linked to HR-related pathways and regulates HR via heteroduplex rejection. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated knock-in efficiency of human lactoferrin (hLF) knock-in vector in the bovine β-casein gene locus can be increased by suppressing DNA MMR-related genes (MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) and overexpressing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-related genes (RAD51, CHK1, CHK2). Methods: Bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells were transfected with a knock-in vector, RAD51, CHK1, or CHK2 overexpression vector and CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector to target the bovine β-casein gene locus, followed by treatment of the cells with CdCl₂ for 24 hours. After 3 days of CdCl₂ treatment, the knock-in efficiency was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression levels of DNA MMR-related and DNA DSB repair-related genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Treatment with CdCl₂ decreased the mRNA expression of RAD51 and MMRrelated genes but did not increase the knock-in efficiency in MAC-T cells. Also, the overexpression of DNA DSB repair-related genes in MAC-T cells did not significantly affect the mRNA expression of MMR-related genes and failed to increase the knock-in efficiency. Conclusion: Treatment with CdCl₂ inhibited the mRNA levels of RAD51 and DNA MMR-related genes in MAC-T cells. However, the function of MMR pathway in relation to HR may differ in various cell types or species.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2008

In the presence of NGF, PC12 cells extend neuronal processes, cease cell division, become electrically excitable, and undergo several biochemical changes that are detectable in developing sympathetic neurons. We investigated the expression pattern of the apoptosis-related genes at each stage of neuronal differentiation using a cDNA microarray containing 320 apoptosis-related rat genes. By comparing the expression patterns through time-series analysis, we identified candidate genes that appear to regulate neuronal differentiation. Among the candidate genes, HO2 was selected by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. To identify the roles of selected genes in the stages of neuronal differentiation, transfection of HO2 siRNA in PC12 cells was performed. Down-regulation of HO2 expression causes a reduction in neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. Our results suggest that the HO2 gene could be related to the regulation of neuronal differentiation levels.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2009

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an efficient approach for gene discovery, expression profiling, and development of resources useful for functional genomics studies. As part of studies on the immune system of olive flounder, a total of 251 EST sequences from gill cDNA library were generated to identify and characterize important genes in the immune machanisms of olive flounder. Of the 251 clones, 126 clones (50.2%) were identified as orthologues of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 126 EST clones, 16 clones (12.7%) were representing 9 unique genes identified as homologous to the previously reported olive flounder ESTs, 100 clones (79.4%) representing 103unique genes were identified as orthologs of known genes from other organisms. We also identified several kinds of immune associated proteins, indicating EST as a powerful method for identifying immune related genes of fish as well as identifying novel genes. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1769-1776
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the Yukmijihwangtang on transcription activity of Genes related to Bone Morphogenesis. For this purpose, experiments were performed to compare the polyphosphate contents of Yukmijihwangtang and its component herbs, and to verify their Effects on transcription activity of Genes related to Bone Morphogenesis. We know that Yukmijihwangtang and its component herbs have adequate amount of polyphosphate contents and have effects on transcription activity of Genes such as BMP1A, BMP2B, OTN, MGP, COL. In the conclusion, Yukmijihwangtang and its component herbs are strongly believed to have effectiveness on bone morphogenesis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

EST analysis was performed to identify stress-responsive and immune-related genes from mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), cDNA libraries were constructed with liver, intestine and kidney tissues and randomly chosen clones (216 for liver, 198 for intestine and 224 for kidney) were subjected to automated sequence analysis. Of 638 clones sequenced in totlal, approximalely 25% of ESTs was novel sequences (no match to GenBank) or sequences with high homology to hypothrtical/unknown genes. Several potential stress-responsive biomarker and/or immure-related genes were identified in all the tissues examined. It included lectin, MHC class I/II proteins, proteinase inhibitors, superoxide dismulase, catalase, glutathionc-S. transferase, heat-shock protein, warm temperature acclimation protein, complements, methylrransferasc, zinc finger proteins, macrophage maturation associated protein, and others. This information will offer new possibilities as fundamental baseline data for the molecular genetics and breeding of this species with an emphasis on the development of stress. (and disease)-resistsnt fish.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2008

To identify low temperature-induced genes of wheat chromosome substitution line 5D, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed with mRNAs from leaf samples that treated with low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA isolated from wheat chromosome substitution line 5D leaves treated with low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative gene products were compared. wfr-9 and wfr-32 showed identity over 90% related to vernalization gene. Other two genes, wfr-77 and wfr-83 which is related to freezing-resistant gene have also identity over 90%. This result suggest that those genes may be transcribed into antifreeze proteins which are accumulated within leaf apoplasts, when wheat chromosome substitution line 5D is acclimated during low temperature treatment.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2023

Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can regulate the protein expression levels of genes in the human body and have recently been reported to be closely related to the cause of disease. Determining the genes related to miRNAs will aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying complex miRNAs. However, the identification of miRNA-related genes through wet experiments (in vivo, traditional methods are time- and cost-consuming). To overcome these problems, recent studies have investigated the prediction of miRNA relevance using deep learning models. This study presents a method for predicting the relationships between miRNAs and genes. First, we reconstruct a negative dataset using the proposed method. We then extracted the feature using an autoencoder, after which the feature vector was concatenated with the original data. Thereafter, the concatenated data were used to train a long short-term memory model. Our model exhibited an area under the curve of 0.9609, outperforming previously reported models trained using the same dataset.