• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of crude saponin (CS) in Korean red ginseng (KRG) on rats fed a high fat (HF) diet. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal diet group and a high-fat (HF) diet group. The HF diet group became obese from being fed a HF diet over five weeks. The normal diet group were fed a normal diet. Each CS group of the normal diet group and HF diet group was administered CS (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for three weeks, the control group of both types was administered normal saline (1ml/kg, i.p.) instead of CS. Each group had 5 rats. Results: After administration of CS, the body weight, food consumption, adipose tissues, and expression of appetite peptides such as leptin and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) were investigated in the HF diet group as well as the normal diet group. Administration of CS reduced body weight, food intake, and fat content in the HF and normal diet groups. After CS administration, NPY expression and leptin were lower in the HF diet group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CS may be useful in the treatment of obesity, especially of type qixu (氣虛).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

수태는 많은 신체적인 기능들의 높은 에너지 요구 및 산소요구량 증가로 인하여 생리적인 변화를 수반한다. 때문에 산소 섭취량 및 이용이 증가하여 산화적인 스트레스의 증가를 기대할 수 있다. 수태중에 발생되는 free radical에 대하여 홍삼사포닌 투여가 간 항산화효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 수태중에 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 활성은 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군은 대조군에 비하여 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 glutathione peroxidase(GPX) , gluthatione reductase (GRD)와 catalase의 활성도는 수태중에 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 반면에 사포닌 투여군은 대조군 비하여 GRD 및 catalase의 활성도에 유의한 변화를 나타냈다. 사포닌 투여군의 GPX의 활성도는 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향이 다소 적게 나타났다. 수태중 대조군의 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 활성도는 항상성을 유지하기 위해 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 사포닌 투여군도 대조군에 비하여 이 효소의 활성도가 더욱 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 분만 후 대조군 및 사포닌 투여군은 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 수태와 같은 생체변화에도 불구하고 수태한 흰쥐의 간 항산화 효소활성에 대한 사포닌의 영향은 산소독성에 대하여 모체간을 보호해주는 생리적 항상성의 적응메카니즘에 의하여 조절되는 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

for 4 h, tumoricidal activity was significantly increased. However, NSRG had effects on tumoricidal activity of macrophages at low concentration (1 ug/ml), which was not related to the production of nitric oxide. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS and ConA in the spleen did not show significant differences between the control and NSRG-treated cells, whereas LPS-induced blastogenesis was slightly increased at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on innate immune response and could be useful as immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 1985

홍미삼을 원료로 홍삼엑기스를 조제할때 추출온도와 추출시간이 조사포닌의 수율과 ginsenoside의 구성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 엑기스의 수율은 추출온도가 상승되고 추출회수가 증가될수록 증가되는 반면 조사포닌의 수율은 낮아지는 경향이 있으며 특히 $100^{\circ}C$의 경우 현저하여 열에 대한 불안정함을 보여주었고$80^{\circ}C$이하에서는 대체로 안정하였다. Ginsenoside별 구성율은 추출회수에 따라 큰 차이가 없어 용출의 특이성을 보이지 않았으나 용출율에서는 온도상승에 따라 감소되었으며 PT제에 비하여 PD계의 사포만의 감소율이 더 크게 나타나 열에 대한 안정성에서 차이를 보였다. 물 추출구(區) 및70%에탄올구(區)모두 $3{\sim}4$회 추출로 총사포닌의 94% 이상이 용출되었으며 초기용출은 물 추출구(區)가 더 컸다. 따라서 홍삼엑기스의 수율과 작업성 및 사포닌의 안정화 유지를 위한 적정 추출온도 및 추출회수는80이하에서 $3{\sim}4$회 추출하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.790-798
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• 2016

We quantitatively analyzed eight varieties of 6-year-old red ginseng, including four local landraces from the Inje, Geumsan, Jinan, and Punggi regions and four new varieties, Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Guempoong, and K-1, for 10 ginsenosides, acidic polysaccharide, crude polyacetylene, and total polyphenol content to find out which varieties are most suitable for producing red ginseng. Most of the new varieties contained more ginsenosides than the local landraces. While the acidic polysaccharide content of Geumsan red ginseng was lower than that of the others, its crude polyacetylene content was the highest, with a mean of 33.99%. The Inje, Geumsan, and Jinan red ginseng had a significantly higher total polyphenol content than the others.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of processed sulfur with red ginseng on streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats for expansion of processed sulfur internal application. Methods : We prepared red ginseng with non processed sulfur extracts(GS), red ginseng with processed sulfur I extracts(GPS I) and red ginseng with processed sulfur II extracts(GPS II). In the present study, we examined about contents of crdue saponin, antioxidant activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and effects of STZ induced diabetic rats. Results : Contents of crude saponin increased by processed sulfur, and GPS II was shown highest contents in crude saponin and sulfur compared with another groups. Electron donating ability of GPS II was shown highest activity compared with GS and GPS I, SOD-like activity showed same tendency as electron donating ability at 1 $mg/m\ell$ concentration. Inhibitory activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase was approximately same level in acarbose and GPS II. Blood glucose level of GPS II group was decreased 18.34% compared with DC(diabetes control) group and maintained stability range in glucose level. but GS and GPS I showed high level compared to GPS II. Serum triglycerides concentration also showed lowest level in GPS II. The activity of ALT, AST and ALP was shown high level in diabetic induced groups, and lowest level in GPS II. Creatinine was shown non-significantly difference in each groups and GPS II was shown lowest level in BUN. Conclusions : These results suggested that processed sulfur with red ginseng have improvement effects on diabetes and internal application of processed sulfur with red ginseng have no specific toxicity in liver and kidney.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2007년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2007

• 분석과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2017

In this study, we isolated ginseng crude saponin (GCS) from Korean red ginseng (KRG) and determined the ginsenoside content in it to investigate the physiological and pathological effects of GCS on acute pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution in BALB/c mice. GCS was orally administered at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg for 3 weeks. The recovery rate of GCS from KRG was 6.5 % and total ginsenosides from GCS was 1.13 %, and the content of Rb1 was the highest among them. Total inflammatory cells in the lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased following intratracheal administration of CSC and LPS. However, GCS administration impaired this increase. Furthermore, it inhibited the increase in leukocytes in the blood, considerably decreased neutrophils in BALF, and declined infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen in the tracheal and alveolar tissue. In this study, GCS was found to have a protective effect against acute pulmonary inflammation and it may be beneficial in preventing various respiratory diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2007

Antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Red Ginseng (RG, steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer, family Araliaceae), major component of which is ginsenoside Rg3, and Bifidodoterium-fermented RG (FRG), major component of which is ginsenoside Rh2, were investigated. Orally administered RG and FRG potently reduced the serum triglyceride levels in com-oil-induced hypertriglycemidemic mice as well as total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Of the saponin and polysaccharide fractions of RG and FRG, the polysaccharide fraction inhibited postprandial blood glucose elevation of maltose- or starch-loaded mice and reduced the blood triglyceride levels in com-oil-induced hypertriglycemidemic mice. The saponin fraction and its ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 reduced blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. The inhibitory effect of FRG and its main constituents against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in mice were more potent than those of RG. These findings suggest that hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of RG can be enforced by Bifidus fermentation and FRG may improve hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy and has often ended up with termination of the therapy. The aim of this study was to identify any fractions of Korean red ginseng that would be effective in modulating for MDR. Although ginsenosides have been reviewed as possible MDR modulators, the MDR modulation activity of the other component is unknown. Therefore, a red ginseng was extracted with methanol, ether, ethylacetate, and n-butanol, followed by several fractionations by silica gel chromatography. And the activity of MDR modulating for these fractions was examined via sulforrhodamine B assay. We have found that several ether fractions, as nonsaponin components are effective on MDR modulation. We have expect that these results helpful to improvement of cancer chemotherapy.