• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was compared to MTICs(maximal tolerated isometric contraction), decrement and recovery. For this, using isokinetic exercise analysis device(Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Biodex System 3PRO, USA), low rate(20 Hz) and high rate(100 Hz) NMES(neuromuscular electrical stimulation) were applied to the quadriceps muscles of fifteen patients with spastic hemiplegia caused by lesions in the central nervous system. The results were as follows: 1. It was shown to fast decrement in the middle of phase at low rate NMES and to slow decrement of MTIC response at high rate NMES(p<.01). 2. It was shown to fast recovery at high rate NMES and to slow recovery at low rate NMES in recovery tendency of MTIC(p<.01). These conclusions suggest that NMES of high rate caused to slow fatigue and fast recovery different from low rate NMES.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1702-1714
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• 1998

Removal of spilled oil over the sea and the river has become one of the urgent problems in these days. Removing oil using mechanical devices was recommended because chemical dispersion could cause the secondary contamination in the environment. In the present study a series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of operating conditions, especially, the angle between the belt and the fluid surface on the rate of recovery for the spilled oil using a belt skimmer. Three different types of operation, namely, upward pickup, downward pickup and up-and-downward pickup situations have been investigated for various contact angles, belt speeds and oil thicknesses to find the effects on the recovery rate. The highest rate of oil recovery was found in the case of a contact angle of $45^{\circ}$ and downward pickup. Furthermore, an optimal belt speed was found to reach the saturated recovery rate for a given oil thickness.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2005

To compare cardiopulmonary effects and recovery between total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol (PRO group, n=5) and volatile induction/maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with isoflurane (ISO group, n=5), we investigated changes of heart rate, $SpO_2$, arterial pressure, rectal temperature and respiratory rate during 60 minute anesthesia and 40 minute recovery period in beagle dogs, and investigated recovery (extubation, head lift, sternal position and righting) after 60 minute anesthesia. Rectal temperature was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) from 10 to 100 minute. Heart rate was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at 40, 50, 60 minute. Respiratory rate was significantly low in PRO group (p<0.05) at induction and 70 minute. $SpO_2$ tendency was similar. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly low in ISO group (p<0.05) at induction and during anesthesia. Recovery was similar in two groups. We concluded that TIVA with propofol is useful in stabilizing rectal temperature and arterial pressure during anesthesia and provide fast and stable recovery.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2017

An electric steam boiler equipped with a condensate recovery system, which stores the condensate generated after using steam in steam washers, steam cookers, steam irons, and steam cleaners in a condensate tank and supplies compressed air to the condensate tank so that the condensate is recovered to the boiler by the pressure of the compressed air, was studied. In the results of this study, the heat energy balance between the quantity of the heat generated by the non-metallic surface heating element and the quantity of the heat absorbed by the water was good in a range of ${\pm}5%$. In addition, the heat transfer rate increased in proportion to the electric power of the surface heating element heater, the waste heat energy was normally recovered by the recovery of the condensate of the steam boiler equipped with the high compression waste heat recovery system, and the recovery rate of the waste heat exhibited 23%.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.690-696
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• 2003

This paper presents the heat recovery performance of water fluidized-bed heat exchanger. Temperature and humidity ratio of waste gas are considered as important parameters in this study. Therefore, the heat recovery rate through water fluidized-bed heat exchanger for exhaust gases with various temperatures and humidity ratios can be estimated from the results of this study. Mass flow ratio (the ratio of mass flow rate of water to that of gas) and temperature of inlet water are also considered as important operating variables. Increase of heat recovery rate can be obtained through either high mass flow ratio or low temperature of inlet water with resultant low recovered temperature. The heat recovery performance with the mass flow ratio of about up to 10 has been investigated. The effect of number of stages of water fluidized-bed on the heat recovery performance has been also examined in this study.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2011

Heart rate recovery (HRR) immediately after a treadmill exercise test is a function of vagal reactivation. A delayed heart rate recovery is associated with an increased risk for overall cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study is to find out if metabolic syndrome is associated with autonomic nerve function and exercise capacity in healthy adults. We measured the treadmill exercise capacity (METs) and heart rate recovery in 119 subjects through a medical checkup at $J$ General Hospital. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The value for the HRR was defined as the difference between the heart rate obtained during the peak exercise and the heart rate obtained at first minute during the recovery period. The subjects with the metabolic syndrome had significantly lower exercise duration ($9.6{\pm}1.5$ vs $8.7{\pm}1.4$), METs ($11.6{\pm}1.7$ vs $10.4{\pm}2.5$), and HRR ($37.5{\pm}14.3$ vs $27.1{\pm}8.9$). The waist circumference in subjects with the metabolic syndrome was more strongly correlated with HRR ($r$=-.517, $P$ <.001) than in normal subjects. Furthermore, delayed HRR was associated with high resting heart rate and increased waist circumference ($P$=.032, $P$ <.001, respectively). In conclusion, delayed HRR during the first minute after a treadmill exercise test was associated with the metabolic syndrome risk factors. Delayed HRR was also associated with high resting heart rate and increased waist circumference.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to find at the basic data for the appropriate compressibility of the pillows for the Koreans as well as, for the appropriate conditions to establish the estimating criterion for the pillows on the market place. This paper also aim to grasp thr compressibility of the materials used to make the pillows for sale. The appropriate compressive rate of the pillows have been investigated by sensuous test. The compressive rate, recovery rate, and decreasing rate of compression and recovery have been investigated by means of ergonomic and physical experiments. The results were as follows; 1) By sensuous test, the compressive rate of the pillows for the most comfortable state turns up $45\%{\pm}5\%$ in men and women. 2) As for the compressive rate and recovery rate of the eight pillow materials on market, panya, duck feather two kinds of synthetic fiber are highest, wood is lowest. 3) The compressive rate of panya, duck feather, and two kinds of fiber is within the range of the comfort by sensuous test. 4) In the durability of the compressive rate and recovery rate against the repeated use of the pillows, duck feather is in the highest grade, panya is the lowest grade and the others are graded between two.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2002

The last step in the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) is a spontaneous recovery of the dark state from the active state in which the p-coumaric acid chromophore is thermally isomerized, concomitantly with the deprotona- tion of the chtomophore and the refolding of the protein moicty. For the purpose of understanding the mechanism of the thermal back-isomerization, we have investigated the rate-determining step by analyzing mutant PYPs of Met100, which was previously shown to play a major role in facilitating the reaction (1). The mutation to Lys, Leu, Ala, or Glu decelerated the dark state recovery by 1 to 3 three orders of magnitude. By evaluating temperature-dependence and pH-dependence of the kinetics of the dark state recovery, it was found that the retardation by mutations resulted from elevation of the activation enthalpy ( H$\^$┿/) and that the pKa of the chromophore, which was affected by the mutation, is in a linier correlation with the amplitude of the rate constants. It was, therefore, deduced from the correlation that the free energy for crossing the activated state in the dark recovery process is proportional to the free energy for the deprotonation of the chromophore, identifying the rate-determining step as the deprotonation of the chromophore. (1) Devanathan, S. Genick, U. K. Canestrelli, I. L. Meyer, T. E. Cusanovich, M. A. Getzoff, E. D. Tollin, G., Biochemistry 1998, 37, 11563 - 11568

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during $2^{nd}$ day of $4^{th}$ age as well as $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2009

본 논문은 시스템의 클록을 이용하여 클록 및 데이터를 복원하는 회로를 설계하였다. 설계된 회로에는 시스템의 클록을 만들어주는 PLL부분과 클록을 받아 데이터를 복원하는 데이터 복원회로부분으로 구성되어 있다. 데이터 복원회로에서는 1/4-rate 위상검출기를 이용하여 데이터보다 시스템의 클록주파수를 낮추어 설계하여 PLL의 부담을 줄일 수 있었고 데이터 picking 방식으로 설계하여 적은 지터특성을 보였다. 설계된 클록 데이터 복원회로는 $0.18{\mu}m$ 1P6M CMOS공정으로 설계되었고 칩 면적은 $1{\times}1mm^2$이다.