• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.241-248
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• 2021

Firms have many ways to expand their businesses including M&A. Big companies in online and offline businesses show different ways of expansion with different objectives to expand their digital businesses quickly. Expansions for technical reasons are to acquire technologies they do not have while those for business reasons are M&A for offline companies to have competence in markets by acquiring online companies. Other ways of expansions include spin-off and group participation after investments for startups. Various ways of expansions are chosen because they are optimal choices depending on situations the companies face, and they have different strengths and weaknesses. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of those options for expansion at this stage would be academically valuable, and also practically meaningful in terms of providing insights for companies' decision making in choosing opitions for expansions. M&A of online companies to make multi-channels by offline companies have risks of failing to internalize online companies and have enough synergy effects. Also, spin-off is a relatively less risky way of expansion while the speed of expansion is slower than establishing external startups with some shares of equity and making them as affiliated companies. External startups are good for speed of expansion while there are risks of legal regulations and negative awareness by the public.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.145-154
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• 2021

While welcoming the distributing of the powers of the Ministry of Education, which is currently being promoted, to the city and provincial offices of education, I am very concerned that this will expand and amplify the powers concentrated in one central institution to 17 local institutions closer to the field. Until now, the Ministry of Education and the Office of Education have served as co-cause providers as important reasons for hindering school education. The transfer of the authority of the Ministry of Education is highly likely to be deformed as soon as it results in the quantitative reduction of the functions and roles of the existing Ministry of Education and the quantitative expansion of the roles and functions of the city and provincial offices of education. In the reality that no legal device for school autonomy has been established, it is highly likely that emphasizing the principle of school autonomy in our educational climate, which is deeply rooted in the vertical bureaucratic administrative culture, will end with a simple measure or stop at the level of imitation. Therefore, a more stable device is needed to check the authority of the city and provincial office of education and the superintendent of education to take over the authority of the Ministry of Education. This is also a system that is still required even when school autonomy becomes legal. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the independent education committee, establish a local education committee in the city and province education office, and activate the resident participation system (resident proposal system, resident voting system, resident litigation system, resident audit request system).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the factors hindering psychiatric intervention for suicide attempters in the emergency room (ER). Methods: Participants were 299 patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the ER for suicidal drug overdose between July 2012 and June 2014. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had received psychiatric treatment in the ER. Medical histories and follow-up treatments were determined by examining patients' medical records and through phone surveys, and were then compared using ${\chi}^2$-test and Fisher's exact test. In addition, the rate of satisfaction of the treatment group and the reasons for their dissatisfaction were also determined. Results: The treatment and non-treatment groups comprised 135 (45%) and 164 patients (55%), respectively. Factors influencing participation in psychiatric intervention were previous history of suicide attempts (p=0.004), history of psychiatric disorder (p<0.001), time of day (p=0.039), and day of the week (p=0.040) of arrival in the ER. Whether or not the patient received follow-up psychiatric treatment was not significantly relevant (p=0.300). Of the 82 patients who participated in the treatment satisfaction survey, 50.2% reported being unsatisfied, mainly because of unfriendly medical personnel (36.6%), discomfort regarding other people's perceptions (24.4%), and cursory care (14.6%). Conclusion: To raise the participation rate of psychiatric consult, cooperation with psychiatry at night and on weekends is required, and incorporation of patients without previous history of suicidal attempt or other psychiatric disorder is important. Resolution of complaints toward psychiatric consult in suicide attempt survivors is also required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.103-115
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• 2008

This paper investigates the historical significance of Independence Park in Korean landscape architecture by examining the idea and goal, master plan and scheme, and meaning and limitation of the park The construction was announced in July and began with the Independence Arch in the middle of September, 1896. Dr. Philip Jaisohn (Suh Jai-Pil), Counselor of The Privy Office and president of the Independence newspaper, played an important role in park construction. He formally advised the arrangements and general planning of the park, but he actually played a leading role in the park as much as he designed and superintended the erection of the arch. He had the conception of a productive park for cultivating and experimenting with a variety of trees surrounding the monument. In terms of the history of Korean landscape architecture, Independence Park is important in that it is the first modem city park that was tried independently as part of the modernizing-Seoul project and the only park of which object and scheme were revealed. It also strengthens the roots of Korean modem landscape architecture by pushing Korean history of public parks into the prior time to Japanese colonial period and enriches the contents of Korean modem landscape architecture. Independence Park is the original realization of a public park because it was constructed with participation and donations from the planning stage to the construction and use. In addition, it is the goal and means to inspire the spirit of national independence and patriotism in Korean people and lead them to voluntary awakening, enlightenment, and participation. Independence Park, however, was not constructed according to Dr. Jaisohn's original intent due to the lack of funds and the rudimentary level of landscape construction technology. In addition, the location was too far from downtown and accessibility was very difficult. For these reasons, many do not consider the park as having been constructed. However, this kind of view must be changed. Other parks of the time were not detailed and decorated like typical western parks, but were left as public spaces. In other words, these parks should not be judged by comparing them to western parks. This is the same concept as that of the first parks of modem Korea being called 'park land.' These parks were more natural environments than planned gardens.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.568-583
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• 1994

In the changing social and economic conditions, reorientation of the health care system is a process of rearranging health care resources keeping in mind the appropriativeness, relevancy, and efficacy of health care programs. Also it has been recognized recently that the CHP program is in need of review for the same reasons, that is to say, the ease in which health care facilities are available, the high rate of coverage with insurance and the development of an effective transportation system. Therefore there is a social inclination to think that there are no remote areas and to question the roles of public health facilities, health centers, health sub centers and CHP posts. This paper was done to review problems and to propose new directions for the CHP system. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) It is necessary that primary health care should be simplified into three parts, medical treatment, preventive care services and the organization of administration and logistics. Also each department should be supplemented with the appropriate professional personnel in order to develop a task oriented system. The reorientation of the CHP system should be managed in keeping with that of other public health care systems. Therefore it is necessary to look at the CHP system problems as one aspect of the reorientation process of public health care systems, and to work to find new ways to address these problems. 2) The location of the CHP post should be decided by the needs of the community in both the medical and preventive areas. If the people have a minimum need, the location of the CHP post should be altered and the existing roles of the CHP should be modified to allow for flexibility according to the community needs. 3) Use of the problem solving method in regular team meetings will prove to be as efficient as continuing education programs in improving job competancy. 4) The supervision of CHP's activities should be made by the same type professional personnel, that is, senior CHPs or charge nurses in the public health center at the county level. 5) The operational expensies of CHP post should be supported by the administrative department of the public health center and should create working conditions that will allow the CHP to concentrate on community health service programs. 6) The organizations for community participation, working committees, community health workers and a number of the local assembly, should be activated to provide for participation in finding solutions to health related problems in the com-munity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of public health nutritionists, the current status of nutrition services operation, the recognition about nutrition services of public health center related man power, the job satisfaction and self-assessment and the need for a retraining course of public health nutritionists. The subjects were 58 public health nutritionists who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual retraining program in 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) 46.5% of the nutritionists were 26-30 years old, 62.1% were 4 year university graduates 74.1% were food and nutrition majors and 51.7% were daily workers. 2) Among the public health center-related manpower, the recognition about nutrition services was the highest for the manager of family health section, followed by the head of public health centers, and then the general nurse in public health centers. 3) The ranking of the reasons for job satisfaction of the public health nutritionists was, relationship with colleagues(3.84), inhabitants response after nutrition counselling(3.53), specialized value realization/conviction about duty(3.35), contents of the work(3.10), value achievement(3.08), self achievement/development(3.00), self discretion(2.92), participation in policy decisions(2.90), work load(2.75), chance of retraining and acquisition of new information(2.73), working environment(2.69), supervisio $n^port by superiors(2.67), salary(2.38), supply of necessary education material, technique(2.37), and budget security(2.22). 4) The satisfaction of the inhabitant's responses after nutrition counseling was the highest among the 4 year university graduates(p<0.05), the satisfaction of the specialized value realization/conviction about duty was the highest among the nutritionists 26-30 years old(p<0.05). Food and nutrition majors(p<0.05) and those having worked less than 3-5years at public health centers also showed much satisfaction(p<0.05). Satisfaction with the salary was the lowest among the food and nutrition majors(p<0.01) and daily workers(p<0.001). The satisfaction with the participation in policy decisions was the lowest among the daily workers(p<0.01). 5) The ranking for the level of self-assessment were, nutrition and dietetic practice(2.92), communication(2.80), management(2.77), public health science and practice(2.66)(p<0.01). The general characteristics such as the level of education, major, employment condition, current public health center's tenure, and charge experience of the nutrition guidance work were not significantly related to self-assessment except the management part(p<0.05). The higher the satisfaction of specialized value realization/conviction about the duty, the better the total score on the self-assessment(p<0.05)..

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.611-625
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze dental hygienists' opinions on health promotion projects in public health and their needs for specialized education in the projects, so that it could help prepare specialized education program required for health promotion projects in the future. To meet the goals, total 364 dental hygienists working in public health were asked to join a questionnaire survey via e-mail in September 2007 for data analysis. As a result, this analysis came to the following conclusions: First, it was found that 29.9% of total respondents took in charge of health promotion projects, and 26.9% respondents considered it very necessary to be responsible for the health promotion projects(56.0% considered it necessary). Almost half respondents considered nonsmoking assistance most desirable task(48.4%) and foremost demanded(50.5%) out of all current health promotion projects, 39.8% respondents answered that they could carry on health promotion task, if assigned, after completing occupational training course. Second, it was found that 39.3% respondents acquired other licenses and qualifications than certificate of registered dental hygienist, and their medical licenses or qualifications included certificate of nursing assistant(18.7%) and certificate of social worker(11.8%) by category. Third, in terms of opinions on possible ways to facilitate health promotion projects, it was found that over half respondents considered it recommended to step up specialized education(56.9%) and prepare legal basis and administrative system(53.6%). Notably, 90.7% respondents considered it necessary to step up specialized education in health promotion. Fourth, in terms of opinions on participation in health promotion projects, it was found that almost half respondents(49.7%) considered it necessary and very positive for extending dental hygienists' works in the future. Moreover, in terms of reasons for sum positive answers, it was found that many respondents considered it helpful for appointment(41.8%) and contributing to capability development and job satisfaction(44.5%). In terms of opinions that sud, participation would be unnecessary, 29.7% respondents thought that nothing would be changed in their dental health projects even with reduced number of public health dentists, and 31.3% respondents thought that dental hygienists are professional manpower responsible only for dental health works. Finally, in terms of on-the-job training(OJT) related to health promotion, it was found that 92.9% respondents desired for OJT. In terms of experiences in OJT, 79.9% respondents answered that they never joined OJT course. In other words, only 20.1% respondents joined OJT courses for health promotion task, such as nonsmoking assistance(8.8%), health promotion FMTP training(2.2%), exercises(1.4%) and nutrition(0.6%).

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.309-333
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• 2006

These days, the majority of public service area presents increment of utilizing a contracting-out with the following reasons such as cost-efficiency, maintenance of population changes in flexible manner, and convenience of management. The social changes have influence on policing structure and regional security system as well as problems associated with accepting the contracting-out in the public policing sector. However, many issues such as limited contracting-out sector, difficulty of encouragement of participation to private sector, and limitation of making a contract with contracting-out would be brought up when initiate contracting-out to the public policing sector. Changing security system to lower budget, planning restructure of organization, developing alterable partial contracting-out, establishing private and public cooperate system and rationalizing contract system are the suggestions to solve and modify the raising problems. This study suggests a differentiate regulation of policing services compare to currently existing contracting-out method to consider a distinctive working environment. The suggestions are as follows: 1. develop a security segregate model, 2. build a cooperative system between private and public policing sector, 3. broaden opportunity of participation of private policing sector, 4. open-competition among qualified private tender to make a contract. The private contracting-out in the public security service sector should be manage in different manner compare to other private contracting-out in government-oriented public service sector. Since work performance of each private contracting-out agency is strongly bond to safety of every civilian in the nation, it is essential to increase its standard of qualification of each agency.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1209-1228
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• 2011

The study is set out to examine the degree of on the life satisfaction and policy effects of the job creation project for the participating elderly The Subject of the study were 950 elderly people patrici parted In the job·creation project for the elderly in the aged welfare agency in the Seoul. For data analysis, SPSS15.0 for window program was utilized. The primary findings from the research can be summarized as follows. It was found that as for the participating reasons for the creation project most have responded to coding the living expenses; followed by the a sense of fulfillment by work, maintain health, not wanting to burden their children, society participating. After examining the difference in the personal effects felt by the elderly after participating in the job creation project by participation type, it revealed that the elderly who has participated in the job creation project has responded to the improved mental health, followed by the mental steadily and the alleviation of Ioneliness, in the order given for the personal effects. but the analysis on the social effects of the job creation project for the elderly by the participation type showed that the most elderly participating in the thought the promotion of social participating as the social effects of the job crenation project. The analysis on the degree of on the life satisfaction for the job creation project were effects policy. It is safe to say in order to raise the degree of satisfaction and vitalize the job creation project for the elderly, more realistic job creation project which reflects the characteristics of each type and various demands of the elderly would be essential.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.484-497
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• 2012

In recent, the primary concern of the forest policy paradigm, which has been mostly focusing on reducing emissions by the effort of afforestation and reforestation, is moving to the REDD activities that are operated by deforestation and forest degradation. In response, the phased studies is going well to visualize performance outcomes of REDD activities. This study brings up the optimum baseline approach for operating the national REDD program by simulating six different baseline approaches broadly used throughout the worldwide, and classified forestry condition for each province in Korea. From this study, we could aware that the carbon credit of HFLD has a low acquisition, but LFMD and LFHD has a high acquisition. Therefore, there are not many reasons for performing REDD activities due to the lack of economical benefits in compared to the devleopment of producing district in HFLD. All kinds of forestry condition, satisfactory baseline approach are needed to enhance the participation and the actuality about REDD program. When evaluating the participation and actuality, the rational decision should be considered as the most appropriate Corridor Approach. This study suggests that the modified Corridor Approach is required for overcoming the weak points, so that we developed the New Corridor Approach which could be easily adopted to Korea environment.