• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2011

Lunar exploration program has been prepared with the aim of launch in the 2020's. As part of it, a lunar lander demonstrator has been developed which is the model for verifying all the system, such as structure, propulsion and control system before launch to deep space. After verifying all the system, the demonstrator will be evaluated by flight test. This paper deals with path tracking controller based on thrusters for the demonstrator. For this, first we derive equations of motion according to the allocation of thrusters and design the path tracking controller. The signal generated from the controller is continuous so PWPF(Pulse-Width Pulse-Frequency) modulator is adopted for generating on/off signal. Finally MATLAB simulation is performed for evaluating the path tracking ability and the final landing velocity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2001

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of O-imidomethyl derivatives of phenols with OH- were studied theoretically using the semiempirical AM1 and Solvation Model 2.1 (SM2.1) methods in the gas phase and aqueous solution, respectively. In the gas phase, the two reaction paths, in which the imide (1a) or phenol (1b) is functioning as a leaving group, can occur competitively. In contrast, in aqueous solution, path (1b) becomes more favorable than (1a) because the transition states (TS) of path (1b) are more stabilized by solvent. Differences in solvation energies are caused by the structural differences of TS, i.e., the TS via path (1b) is more dissociative than that via path (1a). Therefore we conclude that the solvent effects play an important role in the hydrolysis of O-imidomethyl derivatives of phenols. However, reactivity is dependent on the acidities of both the imide and the phenol fragments since the ρz values vary progressively from 4.2 (Z' = I) to 2.5 (Z' = IV) as the acidities of imide increase. These are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2021

As the size of semiconductor devices decreases, the etching pattern becomes very narrow and a deep high aspect ratio process becomes important. The cryogenic etching process enables high aspect ratio etching by suppressing the chemical reaction of reactive ions on the sidewall while maintaining the process temperature of -100℃. ESC is an important part for temperature control in cryogenic etching equipment. Through the cooling path inside the ESC, liquid nitrogen is used as cooling water to create a cryogenic environment. And since the ESC directly contacts the wafer, it affects the temperature uniformity of the wafer. The temperature uniformity of the wafer is closely related to the yield. In this study, the cooling path was designed and analyzed so that the wafer could have a uniform temperature distribution. The optimal cooling path conditions were obtained through the analysis of the shape of the cooling path and the change in the speed of the coolant. Through this study, by designing ESC with optimal temperature uniformity, it can be expected to maximize wafer yield in mass production and further contribute to miniaturization and high performance of semiconductor devices.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.781-789
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• 2019

연구실 실험, 파일럿 플랜트 및 반응기 운전 중 화학물질에 의한 안전사고가 발생하고 있다. 합성 실험을 시작하기전 사고예방을 위해 관련 정보들을 찾아볼 필요가 있으며, 공정설계 단계에서도 반응 폭주 예방을 위한 반응정보의 확보는 필수적이다. 합성반응 관련 정보는 인터넷을 포함해 다양한 source가 존재하지만, 검색에 오랜 시간이 걸리고, 합성법마다 사용되는 물질도 달라 적정경로 선택의 어려움이 있다. 연구자들의 합성경로 검색시간단축과 합성 시 존재할 수 있는 위험성 및 중간생성물질들의 확인에 도움을 주고자 본 연구는 스마트 합성경로 탐색시스템을 제안하였다. 제안한 탐색시스템은 Python 패키지인 Selenium을 사용한 Web scraping 및 Web crawling을 통해 인터넷에 존재하는 정보를 수집하여 DB를 자동으로 갱신한다. 경로 탐색 알고리즘은 depth-first search에 기반하여 목표 물질을 기준으로 탐색을 진행하고, 유해화학물질 등급, 수율 등을 구분하여, 제한된 경로 단계 수치내에 있는 모든 합성 경로를 제안한다. 또한 각자의 연구 목적에 맞게 연구원들이 가진 비공개 데이터를 형식을 맞춰 DB에 등록하여 확장할 수 있다. 시스템은 차후에 무료 사용이 가능하도록 open source로 공개할 예정이다. 개발 시스템은 연구자들이 제안된 경로를 참고하여 더 안전한 반응 방법을 찾고, 사고의 예방에도 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2005

지금까지의 애니메이션 작업은 애니메이터의 객관적 감성과 경험에 의해 이루어져 왔다. 소프트웨어 디자인에 있었어도 지성적인 데이터들을 바탕으로 제작되어져 왔다. 이는 객관화하기 용이한 자료로서 데이터화하기가 쉬웠기 때문 일 것으로 보인다. 이와는 반대로 인간의 감성은 객관화하고 디지털화하기 어려운 요소들이 많이 존재한다. 본 연구는 디지털화하기 어려운 인간의 감성적 데이터를 객관화하고 이를 정량적 데이터로 활용할 수 있는 방법에 대한 부분으로 나는(flying) 궤적(path)을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 실험에 있어 인간이 나는 제적에 대해 어떻게 표현하는지에 대한 감성어를 수집하였다. 수집한 감성어를 통해 감성 평가어를 추출하고 추출한 감성 평가어에서 느껴지는 나는 궤적에 대한 스케치 이미지를 수집하였다. 수집한 스케치 이미지를 기초로 본 연구의 핵심이 되는 실험 동영상 샘플을 제작하였다. 다음으로 나는 궤적을 나타내는 감성어에 대한 물리적 요소와 동영상 샘플과의 상관관계를 분석하기 위해 수량화이론III류와 수량화이론I류를 각각 이용하였다. 그 결과 감성어와 동영상 샘플과의 구조를 파악 할 수 있었고, 나는 궤적에 대한 감성반응의 물리적 자극요소 또한 분석 할 수 있었다. 나는 궤적은 오브젝트(object)가 지나간 경로(path)에 해당한다. 이러한 경로(궤적)를 보고 감성자극 요소들이 복합적으로 작용하여 독특한 감성어로 표현되어 지는 것으로 보인다. 여기엔 감성을 자극하는 요소들이 존재하는데, 그 요소로는 속도, 회전, 규칙 그리고 호의 길이가 그 물리적 요소인 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구를 통해 나는 궤적의 애니메이션을 표현하는데 있어 애니메이터들의 주관적인 감성 표현들을 객관화, 정량화 시키고자 하였으며, 본 연구의 데이터는 감성 애니메이션 시스템 설계에 있어 기본 데이터로 적용되는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2343-2353
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• 2007

We report the application of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to the calculation of potential energy profile relevant to the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes in title molecules. The TDDFT single point energy calculations along the reaction path have been performed using the CIS optimized structure in the excited state. In addition to the Stokes shifts, the transition energies including absorption, fluorescence, and 0-0 transition are estimated from the TDDFT potential energy profiles along the proton transfer coordinate. The excited state TDDFT potential energy profile of SA and 3ASA resulted in very flat function of the OH distance in the range ROH = 1.0-1.6 A, in contrast to the relatively deep single minimum function in the ground state. Furthermore, we obtained very shallow double minima in the excited state potential energy profile of SA and 3ASA in contrast to the single minimum observed in the previous work. The change of potential energy profile along the reaction path induced by the substitution of electron donating groups (-NH2 and -OCH3) at different sites has been investigated. Substitution at para position with respect to the phenolic OH group showed strong suppression of excited state proton dislocation compared with unsubstitued SA, while substitution at ortho position hardly affected the shape of the ESIPT curve. The TDDFT results are discussed in comparison with those of CASPT2 method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.2973-2978
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• 2009

The decomposition reaction mechanism of $CH_3CF_2O$ radical formed from hydroflurocarbon, $CH_3CHF_2$ (HFC-152a) in the atmosphere has been investigated using ab-initio quantum mechanical methods. The geometries of the reactant, products and transition states involved in the decomposition pathways have been optimized and characterized at DFT-B3LYP and MP2 levels of theories using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Calculations have been carried out to observe the effect of basis sets on the optimized geometries of species involved. Single point energy calculations have been performed at QCISD(T) and CCSD(T) level of theories. Out of the two prominent decomposition channels considered viz., C-C bond scission and F-elimination, C-C bond scission is found to be the dominant path involving a barrier height of 12.3 kcal/mol whereas the F-elimination path involves that of a 28.0 kcal/mol. Using transition-state theory, rate constant for the most dominant decomposition pathway viz., C-C bond scission is calculated at 298 K and found to be 1.3 ${\times}$ 10$^4s{-1}$. Transition states are searched on the potential energy surfaces involving both decomposition channels and each of the transition states are characterized. The existence of transition states on the corresponding potential energy surface are ascertained by performing Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate (IRC) calculation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.748-757
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• 2023

Numerical analysis was conducted to confirm the characteristics of extinction behavior in NH₃/CH₄ counterflow symmetrical flames. Numerical simulations were run on CHEMKIN-PRO, using the OPPDIF code, with Okafor's mechanisms, which had the lowest error rate compared to Colson's experimental data in the our previous part I study. The chemical interactions of merged flames were examined by analyzing the production rate of major chemical species and key radicals with the volume fractional percentage of ammonia and global strain rate. The interaction phenomenon of the flames could be identified by observing the main chemical reaction path of the merged flames at the stagnation plane.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.674-678
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• 2002

The dehydrogenation of propane to propylene has been studied in an isothermal high-temperature shell-and-tube membrane reactor containing a Pd-coated ${\psi}$-Al2O3 membrane and a Pt/K/Sn/Al2O3 packed catalyst . A tubular Pd-coated ${\psi}$-Al2O3 membrane was prepared by an electroless plating method. This membrane showed high hydrogen to nitrogen permselectivities (PH2N2 = 10-50) at 400 $^{\circ}C$ and 500 $^{\circ}C$ with various transmembrane pressure drops. The employment of a membrane reactor in the dehydrogenation reaction, which selectively separates hydrogen from the reaction mixture along the reaction path, can greatly increase the conversion and enable operation of the reactor at lower temperatures. High hydrogen permselectivity has been confirmed as a key factor in determining the reactor performance of conversion enhancement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.441-468
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• 2003

This paper investigates the structural behavior of modular falsework system under sequential pattern loads. Based on the studies of 25 construction sites, the pattern load sequence modeling is defined as models R (rectangle), L and U. The study focuses on the system critical loads, regions of largest reaction forces, discrepancy between the pattern load and the uniform load, and the warning-system plan. The analysis results show that the critical loads of modular falsework systems with sequential pattern loads are very close to those with the uniform load used in design. The regions of largest reaction forces are smaller than those calculated by the uniform load. However, the regions of largest reaction forces of three models under sequential pattern loads can be considered as the crucial positions of warning-system based on the measured index of loading. The positions of the sensors for the warning-system for these three different models are not identical.