• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.388-402
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• 2003

In this paper, we carried out the word, 4 continuous digits. continuous, and task-independent word recognition experiments to verify the effectiveness of the re-defined phoneme-likely units (PLUs) for the phonetic decision tree based HM-Net (Hidden Markov Network) context-dependent (CD) acoustic modeling in Korean appropriately. In case of the 48 PLUs, the phonemes /ㅂ/, /ㄷ/, /ㄱ/ are separated by initial sound, medial vowel, final consonant, and the consonants /ㄹ/, /ㅈ/, /ㅎ/ are also separated by initial sound, final consonant according to the position of syllable, word, and sentence, respectively. In this paper. therefore, we re-define the 39 PLUs by unifying the one phoneme in the separated initial sound, medial vowel, and final consonant of the 48 PLUs to construct the CD acoustic models effectively. Through the experimental results using the re-defined 39 PLUs, in word recognition experiments with the context-independent (CI) acoustic models, the 48 PLUs has an average of 7.06%, higher recognition accuracy than the 39 PLUs used. But in the speaker-independent word recognition experiments with the CD acoustic models, the 39 PLUs has an average of 0.61% better recognition accuracy than the 48 PLUs used. In the 4 continuous digits recognition experiments with the liaison phenomena. the 39 PLUs has also an average of 6.55% higher recognition accuracy. And then, in continuous speech recognition experiments, the 39 PLUs has an average of 15.08% better recognition accuracy than the 48 PLUs used too. Finally, though the 48, 39 PLUs have the lower recognition accuracy, the 39 PLUs has an average of 1.17% higher recognition characteristic than the 48 PLUs used in the task-independent word recognition experiments according to the unknown contextual factor. Through the above experiments, we verified the effectiveness of the re-defined 39 PLUs compared to the 48PLUs to construct the CD acoustic models in this paper.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

With the development of data technology, storing and sharing of data has increased, resulting in privacy invasion. Although de-identification technology has been introduced to solve this problem, it has been proved many times that identifying individuals using de-identified data is possible. Even if it cannot be completely safe, sufficient de-identification is necessary. But current laws and regulations do not quantitatively specify the degree of how much de-identification should be performed. In this paper, we propose an appropriate de-identification criterion considering the time required for re-identification. We focused on the case of using the k-anonymity model among various privacy models. We analyzed the time taken to re-identify data according to the change in the k value. We used a re-identification method based on linkability. As a result of the analysis, we determined which k value is appropriate. If the generalized model can be developed by results of this paper, the model can be used to define the appropriate level of de-identification in various laws and regulations.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.737-742
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• 2007

The concept of 'Picturing' is beyond the 'Illusion' of traditional art in the Digital Media era. It is a 'Suffering' of the 'Re-appearance' that is masquerade the 'Actual' as a 'Digital Apparition.' This study aims to concern the point of view on the above subject; the 'Picturing' through the analysis of communication problems in the digital era. To begin with, need to define the concept of 'Picturing' and how it is expected to have a role through the accessibility of medium use, intervention by body and images. Also, I suggest a new approach to 'Picturing' as a new mutual communication method. Body, Digital media, and Image. These three principles of 'Picturing' create huge benefits to our world/nature whether we want it or not. It seems to become more and more of powerful self-replicating organism. We have to be aware what sort of images are surrounding us and how transmitting it to where in/on our body via newest sophisticated media we use. 'Picturing' is an invasion of ordinary, no longer exists pleasure for body, no longer speaks intension of its next destination. It strongly self-grows and also controls us in the name of Digital media era. However, 'Picturing' is a mode of re-imaging activity and also suggestion of re-appearance practice.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.60-67
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• 2003

The perceptual change and reproduction process of a space is distinguished from the difference between the Modem Times and the digitalized Post-modem Times. According to this changing aspect, the dwelling. concept is also progressed toward the escapeness from the regularly standardized settlement. But, as written above, the escapable dwelling behavior pattern is re-territorizated through new restriction and domination system. Among the newly re-territorized dwelling areas, the virtual space that included human being's equal in the contemporary meaning has already been on the surface in our daily life, it has been enlarging into all kinds of activity. The virtual space has the possibility to extend beyond a already well-used to physical space and time unlimitedly. But, owing to the ambiguous boundary between the real space and the virtual space, it is getting more important to define the spatial substance in the Digital Age. From now on, especially, the academical fields like a Architecture and a Interior Design that dealed with a living space have to give it a great shot. What I really want to say is that various approach about the space itself with the help of many sorts of so-called a Case Study could be a diversity & uniqueness out of a typical point of view about the study handling on space and time.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.409-428
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• 2016

To realise the full benefits of a self-centering seismic resilient system, the designer must ensure that the entire structure does indeed re-center following an earthquake. The idealised flag-shaped hysteresis response that is often used to define the cyclic behaviour of self-centering concrete systems seldom exists and the residual drift of a building subjected to an earthquake is dependent on the realistic cyclic hysteresis response as well as the dynamic loading history. Current methods that are used to ensure that re-centering is achieved during the design of self-centering concrete systems are presented, and a series of cyclic analyses are used to demonstrate the flaws in these current procedures, even when idealised hysteresis models were used. Furthermore, results are presented for 350 time-history analyses that were performed to investigate the expected residual drift of an example self-centering concrete wall system during an earthquake. Based upon the results of these time-history analyses it was concluded that due to dynamic shake-down the residual drifts at the conclusion of the ground motion were significantly less than the maximum possible residual drifts that were observed from the cyclic hysteresis response, and were below acceptable residual drift performance limits established for seismic resilient structures. To estimate the effect of the dynamic shakedown, a residual drift ratio was defined that can be implemented during the design process to ensure that residual drift performance targets are achieved for self-centering concrete wall systems.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.19-31
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• 2016

Identifying the factors of emotional experience that arouse emotional responses will contribute to determining the relationship between the visual attributes of a salon and the emotional responses of humans, as well as the relationship between service factors and the emotional response of humans. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the various e motional responses of customers on store preference and to thereby propose marketing strategies for offering an insightful service. The emotionally expressed vocabulary used by customers during their visit is also explored. 300 customers with previous experience of beauty shop services were surveyed and their responses were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 to define the problems. All the emotional experiences at the beauty salon influence the service satisfaction and re-visitation intention. The results showed that, as the customer's level of satisfaction with a service experience increases, the re-visitation intention increases. Of these results, only the service experience influences the recommendation intention. As the effective delivery of positive emotional services influences customers' revisiting intentions, beauty industry workers should be aware of each phase of the customers' emotions and try to provide customer-oriented services to appease these emotions. In addition, workers should strive to create service systems that induce customers' positive emotional responses rather than to offer merely stereotyped services.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2002

A contemporary design which might accept diversity through the coming materialised world and the development of communication of technology Quickly, would have no more new design value with such a design thought that is still fixed by general and principle rule. Because there are a lot of requirements of new relationship between humans who are going to have more sensitivity and things which are born continuously Even though Droog Design is a young design group, they have been recognised by the design community for their experimental approach and re-think not only as a function but also as a concept of existing things. Their thought is that humans have been given a better quality of life through design, and that there should be responsibility for abuse in the material world and has to do with the improvement of things related with human life. Particularly when dealing with form-giving they endow it not just as a tool but also as a sensitivity and experience with both human and human-made artifacts. Like A design mentality of Droog Design, which is extraordinary originality and methodological skills, is a stimulus on a contemporary design.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.1
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• pp.391-421
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• 2003

While the social activities using Internet become generalized, the side effect of the information security violation is increasing steadily and threaten the countries which is not ready to prevent from offensive penetration such as the Information-fighter or Cyber-military. In this paper, we define the concept and characteristics of the modern Information-Warfare and analyze various kinds of threatened elements and also examine the recent trend in other countries. And introducing Computer Forensics raised recently for the confrontation against the security violation in the future, we will show the developing strategies and the necessity in order to response cyber attacks. These developing strategies can be used to ensure and re-trace the technical evidence for the security violation and to achieve the disaster relief effectively. So we hope that can apply them to the actual preparation through developing cyber trial test of the defense and attack for the Information-Warfare.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

In this paper, we address an optimization problem and a case study for minimizing the cost of inspections incurred throughout an inspection system, which includes a K-stage inspection system, a source inspection shop, and a re-inspection shop. In order to formulate the inspection cost function, we make a time-based flow analysis between nodes (or shops), and derive the limiting sizes of flows between nodes and limiting defective rates by solving a set of nonlinear balance equations. It turns out that the number of items reworked throughout the inspection system is invariant irrespective of the defective rate of items moved through the K-stage inspection system. Hence we define the inspection cost as the total number of items inspected, and we provide an enumeration method for determining an optimal value of K which minimizes the number of items inspected.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.553-566
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• 2003

In many cases, the measurement error variances may be functions of the unknown true values or related covariates. This paper considers design-based estimators of the parameters of these variance functions based on the within-unit sample variances. This paper devotes to: (1) define an error scale factor $\delta$; (2) develop estimators of the parameters of the linear measurement error variance function of the true values under large-sample and small-error conditions; (3) use propensity methods to adjust survey weights to account for possible selection effects at the replicate level. The proposed methods are applied to medical examination data from the U.S. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).