• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

본 연구는 단기 숙성형 생햄의 식중독균 오염 상태와 냉장 및 실온 저장 조건 중 미생물수의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 실시되었다. 생햄의 등심 원료육에서의 미생물 오염도를 조사한 결과 총균수는 $3.11\;log\;CFU/cm^2$이었고 유산균, Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium perfringens 및 효모와 곰팡이는 모두 2 log 미만이었으나 Enterobacteriaceae가 3.11 log로서 주종균이었다. 생햄 원료 및 10과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 저장 된 제품에서 Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes와 Escherichia coli O157:H7 등 6가지 식중독균은 발견되지 않았다. 생햄의 초기 총균수는 3.06 log CFU/g이었으며 90일 후에도 균수 증가는 미미하여 $10^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 4.6과 4.69 log CFU/g이었다. 생햄의 저장 중 주 종균은 유산균과 Staphylococcus균이었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in porcine serum albumin (PSA), a major allergen, which occur when raw pork ham is marinated with kiwi or pineapple juice, and/or when the ham is pan broiled at $300^{\circ}C$ for 4 min after marination. In this study, raw pork ham was soaked for 4 h or 8 h in marinades containing commercial marinating sauce only, commercial marinating sauce and 7% kiwi juice, or commercial marinating sauce and 7% pineapple juice. When the meat was marinated and then pan-broiled, pork ham meat protein was significantly denatured and hydrolyzed, and the level of PSA in the meat was significantly reduced. The PSA contents of pork broiled without marination, pork that had been marinated in commercial marinating sauce alone, pork that had been marinated in commercial marinating sauce with kiwi juice, and pork that had been marinated in commercial marinating sauce with pineapple juice, were 95.4, 43.3, 14.3, and 5.4 ng/mL, respectively (p<0.05). Marinating with pineapple juice was more effective than marinating with kiwi juice; and marination for 8 h was more effective than marinating for 4 h. These results indicate that the level of PSA in pork ham is effectively reduced, when the meat is first marinated in sauces that contain kiwi or pineapple extracts for 8 h, rather than 4 h, and then cooked. Further study is needed to determine whether marinated pork meat reduces allergenicity in vivo, as well.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2013

돼지고기의 저지방 부위인 뒷다리살과 등심을 진공포장하여 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 3개월간 동결한 후 해동하였다. 해동육을 $3^{\circ}C$에 냉장하면서 냉장기간에 따른 생육과 가열육의 물리적 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 생육의 경우, 뒷다리살은 해동직후(냉장 0일)에 비하여 냉장 4일에 pH 값, $L^*$값, 드립 감량, 보수력, 점성이 상승한 반면, 가열감량, 경도 및 저작성은 유의적으로 낮아지는 현상을 보였다(p<0.05). 등심은 해동 후 냉장 2일에 이와 같은 같은 현상이 나타났다. 가열육의 물리적 특성 변화는 두 부위 모두 생육의 경우와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나, pH 값, $L^*$값 및 $a^*$값은 해동 후 냉장 중 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생육과 가열육의 탄력성 및 응집성은 두부위 모두 해동 후 냉장 중에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 뒷다리살과 등심은 각각 해동 후 냉장 4일과 2일에 연도가 유의적으로 향상되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.674-682
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of illness from Campylobacter spp. on ham. To identify the hazards of Campylobacter spp. on ham, the general characteristics and microbial criteria for Campylobacter spp., and campylobacteriosis outbreaks were investigated. In the exposure assessment, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on ham was evaluated, and the probabilistic distributions for the temperature of ham surfaces in retail markets and home refrigerators were prepared. In addition, the raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) 2012 were used to estimate the consumption amount and frequency of ham. In the hazard characterization, the Beta-Poisson model for Campylobacter spp. infection was used. For risk characterization, a simulation model was developed using the collected data, and the risk of Campylobacter spp. on ham was estimated with @RISK. The Campylobacter spp. cell counts on ham samples were below the detection limit (<0.70 Log CFU/g). The daily consumption of ham was 23.93 g per person, and the consumption frequency was 11.57%. The simulated mean value of the initial contamination level of Campylobacter spp. on ham was −3.95 Log CFU/g, and the mean value of ham for probable risk per person per day was 2.20×10⁻¹². It is considered that the risk of foodborne illness for Campylobacter spp. was low. Furthermore, these results indicate that the microbial risk assessment of Campylobacter spp. in this study should be useful in providing scientific evidence to set up the criteria of Campylobacter spp..

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

20개의 돼지 등심육을 각각 1주일씩 건염과 습염을 한 다음 2주일간 숙성하여 생햄을 제조한 후 진공포장하여 10과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 90일간 저장하면서 물리화학적 및 관능학적 품질을 조사하였다. 생햄의 10과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 저장 중 식염 함량은 모두 약 5.1% 수준을 유지하였다. 그리고 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 회분 등 일반성분의 함량에 있어서 저장 온도와 기간에 따른 시료 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. TBA와 VBN값은 저장기간 중 계속 증가함으로써 지방과 단백질의 분해가 진공포장한 상태에서도 지속적으로 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 pH, 수분활성도, 물성, TBA와 VBN값, 그리고 관능학적 품질 변화는 $10^{\circ}C$에서보다 $25^{\circ}C$에 저장된 시료에서 더 크게 일어나는 경향을 보였다. 저장 기간이 연장될수록 경도, 부서짐성, 탄성, 응집성, 검성 및 점착성 등과 같은 조직감에서의 유의적인 품질 저하가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 색은 10과 $25^{\circ}C$ 시료 간, 그리고 저장구간별 큰 차이가 없었다. 관능검사 결과에 따른 생햄의 저장수명은 10과 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 75와 45일로 추정되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of boiled pork powder (BPP) and hot water extract powder (HWEP) from 4 cuts of meat from Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activities determined were from BPP of Boston butt (13.65 M TE) and HWEP of loin (19.40 M TE) and ham (21.45 M TE). The 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of BPP from shoulder ham (39.28 M TE) and ham (39.43 M TE) were higher than those of other meat cuts, while HWEP of ham exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. A higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined for BPP from ham (198.35 M TE) and in HWEP from loin (204.07 M TE), Boston butt (192.85 M TE), and ham (201.36 M TE). Carnosine content of BPP and HWEP from loin and were determined to be 106.68 and 117.77 mg/g on a dry basis, respectively. The anserine content of BPP (5.26 mg/g, dry basis) and HWEP (6.79 mg/g, dry basis) of shoulder ham exhibited the highest value as compared to the extracts from the other meat cuts. The viability of RAW 264.7 cells was increased with increasing HWEP from loin and ham treatment. In addition, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly reduced by HWEP from loin and ham, in a dose dependent manner. These results suggested that boiled pork and hot water extract of pork have antioxidative and cytokine inhibitory effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1764-1768
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine the levels of biogenic amines (BAs) in foods of animal origin such as egg, ham, sausage, milk, cheese and yoghurt distributed on Korean domestic markets, and to compare the results with those of western countries. Egg yolk had more BAs than egg white. BAs detected in ham samples were the highest level in barbecued tender loin ham. Sausage samples had less BAs than ham samples. However, the delicatessen sausages had significantly higher levels of histamine than the other sausage samples (p<0.001). Cadaverine, spermidine and spermine were detected in market milks and their concentrations were very low compared with other samples. In Cheddar cheese, tyramine (44.46${\pm}$0.83 ${\mu}$g/g) was the major BA. The major BA of stirred yoghurt samples was histamine. These results suggest that BAs of the foods of animal origin distributed on Korean domestic markets were not much different from those of western countries and would not cause any harmful effect to consumers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2007

돼지 뒷다리 부위의 발골시간이 프레스햄의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 본 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 원료육의 pH는 두 근육 모두 온도체 발골육이 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았으며, 온도체 발골육 중 SM이 BF 보다 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높은 pH값을 보였다. 표면 육색의 경우 온도체 발골육의 명도(L*) 값이 냉도체 발골육보다 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났으며, 온도체 발골육 중 SM이 BF 보다 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮은 명도 값을 나타내었다. 또한 온도체 발골육의 근절길이는 냉도체 발골육보다 긴 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 제품의 색 및 pH는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 온도체 발골육으로 제조한 프레스햄의 경도에서 냉도체보다 유의적으로(p<0.05) 낮게 나타났다. 또한 전체적인 기호도에서 발골시간에 따른 차이보다는 온도체 발골 및 냉도체 발골육의 SM근육을 이용하여 제조된 프레스햄이 BF 근육보다 높은 기호도를 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2019

Various commercial collagen mixtures aimed at improving the quality of meat products are available, but the optimal composition is unclear. This study aimed to compare the functional properties, including physicochemical characteristics and lipid oxidative stability, of loin ham marinated with three commercial collagen mixtures sold as food additives. The addition of collagen mixtures led to significant increases in the moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, and instrumental tenderness, regardless of the type of collagen mixture. In particular, meat samples containing collagen mixture C showed the highest (p<0.05) WHC and tenderness among all groups. Furthermore, collagen mixture B induced increases (p<0.05) in pH values in both raw and cooked samples. The $a^*$ values of samples with collagen mixtures were lower (p<0.05) than those of samples without collagen mixtures. All collagen mixtures effectively improved oxidative stability during 7 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The samples containing collagen mixture B had the lowest lipid oxidation (p<0.05) among groups. These results indicated that collagen mixture C could be used in injection brine to enhance the quality characteristics of meat products, particularly the WHC and tenderness. Collagen mixture A could be used for meat products with high fat contents based on its ability to improve lipid oxidative stability during long-term storage.