• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3429-3436
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• 2013

Cervical cancer is a major health problem worldwide and is the most frequent cause of cancer in women in India. Early detection and affordable drugs with clinical efficacy have to go hand-in-hand in order to comprehensibly address this serious health challenge. Plant-based drugs with potent anticancer effects should add to the efforts to find a cheap drug with limited clinical side effects. Keeping this very purpose in mind, an attempt has been made in this review to explore the potential of plant extracts or constituents known to exhibit antitumorigenic activity or exert cytotoxic effect in human cervical carcinoma cells. Alkaloids such as those isolated from C. vincetoxicum and T. Tanakae, naucleaorals A and B, isolated from the roots of N. orientalis, (6aR)-normecambroline, isolated from the bark of N. dealbata appear promising in different human cervical carcinoma cells with the $IC_{50}$ of 4.0-8 ${\mu}g/mL$. However, other compounds such as rhinacanthone and neolignans isolated from different plants are not far behind and kill cervical cancer cells at a very low concentrations. Among plant extracts or its constituents that enhance the effect of known anticancer drugs, noni, derived from the plant M. citrifolia perhaps is the best candidate. The cytotoxic potency and apoptotic index of cisplatin was found to significantly enhanced in combination with noni in different human cervical carcinoma cells and it therefore holds significance as promising herbal-based anticancer agent. However, efficacy needs to be further investigated in various cervical cell lines and more importantly, in in vivo cervical cancer models for possible use as an alternative and safe anticancer drug.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.18.1-18.12
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• 2018

Background: Xanthosine treatment has been previously reported to increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the increase in stem cell population and milk production remain unclear. Methods: Primiparous Beetal goats were assigned to the study. Five days post-partum, one mammary gland of each goat was infused with xanthosine (TRT) twice daily ($2{\times}$) for 3 days consecutively, and the other gland served as a control (CON). Milk samples from the TRT and CON glands were collected on the 10th day after the last xanthosine infusion and the total RNA was isolated from milk fat globules (MEGs). Total RNA in MFGs was mainly derived from the milk epithelial cells (MECs) as evidenced by expression of milk synthesis genes. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) terms using PANTHER and gene networks were generated using STRING db. Results: Preliminary analysis indicated that each individual goat responded to xanthosine treatment differently, with this trend being correlated with specific DEGs within the same animal's mammary gland. Several pathways are impacted by these DEGs, including cell communication, cell proliferation and anti-microbials. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into transcriptomic changes in milk producing epithelial cells in response to xanthosine treatment. Further characterization of DEGs identified in this study is likely to delineate the molecular mechanisms of increased milk production and stem or progenitor cell population by the xanthosine treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2011

Objectives : In the present study, the contents of cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde in three different parts of Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR) (the whole body, the bark part, and the wood part) was evaluated using UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography) in order to investigate a suitable cutting method. Methods : Analysis was performed on SMART LC with UV detector. Reference compounds were separated on Inertsil ODS-4 column ($2.1mm{\times}50mm$, $3{\mu}m$, GL Science, Japan) using isolation elution with water and acetonitrile each containing acetic acid at a flow rate of $500{\mu}L/min$. Additionally, samples of CR were purchased from pharmacy of medicinal herb. Results : The correlation coefficients of the cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde levels showed good linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.9999$) over the linear ranges. Furthermore, the bark part exhibited higher concentration levels of reference compounds than the wood part in all samples. In addition the bark exfoliation rates in oblique and perpendicular-long cut samples of CR were lower than the perpendicular-short cut samples. Conclusions : These results suggested that the optimal cutting method would be able to reduce the bark exfoliation. Therefore, the oblique or perpendicular-long cutting method is considered to be a better cutting type than the perpendicular-short cutting method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2011

The effects of pH, glycerol concentration and salt on cell growth and ethanol production using Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190 were evaluated in the anaerobic culture condition. In condition of initial pH 5, cell growth and ethanol production were highest. An initial concentration of 10 g/L of pure glycerol gave the highest cell growth and ethanol production. However, in case of over 15 g/L of pure glycerol, they decreased. The cell growth and ethanol production decreased with the increase of salt concentration. When 10 g/L of crude glycerol was used as the carbon source, the cell growth and ethanol production were $1.32\;OD_{600}$ and 3.95 g/L, respectively, which were about 94.4% and 88.5% compared to those of pure glycerol. These result indicates that the crude glycerol produced in the biodiesel manufacturing process maybe useful as a potential carbon source for ethanol production form Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the availability of salted and fermented fish (SFF) including salted and fermented anchovy (SFA) and shrimp (SFS) as a marinade of beef jerky. In curing solutions, half (SFA 1 and SFS 1) or whole (SFA 2 and SFS 2) salt-water was replaced with SFF juices. Higher water activity ($a_w$) was found in the beef jerky cured with SFFs than the control (C) (p<0.05). The SFFs had the effect of causing a decrease in hardness and an increase in cohesiveness (p<0.05). Among the treatment samples, springiness was the highest in SFA2 and SFS2 (p<0.05) and the lowest values of Warner-Bratzler shear force were found in SFA1 and SFA2 (p<0.05). The SFFs also had the effect of increasing the flavor of the sensory properties; however, color measurements from both the instrumental surface color ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, chroma, and hue angle) and color of sensory evaluation were decreased by addition of SFFs (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude the SFFs can improve the texture and sensory properties of the beef jerky. In particular, the SFS is a good ingredient for the curing solution. However, studies are still needed on improving the $a_w$, pH, and surface color of the beef jerky to apply the SFFs for making beef jerky.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between smartphone usage time and university students' physical and mental health. Methods: A survey of 320 university students in Ulsan was conducted from Nov. 26 to 28, 2012, using a self-report questionnaire. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the amount of time spent using smartphones, physical health, and mental health. The collected data were analyzed by the t-test, ANOVA, and the pearson correlation coefficient, using the SPSS 18.0 Program. Results: The mean of the time spent using smartphones was $154.94{\pm}93.97$ minutes. Female university students tend to spend significantly longer time using smartphones than male university students (p<.01). Smartphone usage time had a significant positive correlation with the students' score of smartphone addiction (r=.26, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study can be utilized as a basic material to prevent physical and mental health problems caused by smartphone usage.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-240
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the semantic network analysis to understand image contents and to examine the degree to which words, word clusters contributed to the formation of semantic map within image contents. For this research, from 1993 until 2016 the field of the image contents were collected for a total of 2,624 cases papers. The word appeared in Title analyzed the social network by using the R program of Big Data. The results were as follows: First, The field of image contents is based on researches related to 'image', 'media' and 'contents'. Second, there is a three-step flow ('education' -> 'media' -> 'contents') of research in the field of image contents. Third, researches related to 'broadcasting', 'digital', 'technology', and 'production' were continuously carried out. Finally, There were new research subjects for each regime.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.303-310
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the correlation of clinical tools for assessment of balance and ability of gait, in order to discriminate the phases of sit-to-walk movement of patients with stroke using the motion analysis system, and to investigate the reliability of the phase of sit-to-walk movement according to functional ability of patients with stroke. Methods: Twenty -one patients participated (men 17, women 4) in this study. Sit-to-walk movement of all patients was recorded by the motion analysis system. Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test, 10 meter Walk Timed Test, and Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment were used as functional assessment tools. Results: The results of this study showed significant correlation between the phase I, II, IV and total phase duration of sit-to-walk movement and functional assessment tools. In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed high reliability in accordance with the functional ability of patients with stroke (Pearson's r 0.93 to 1.00). Conclusion: In conclusion, there is high reliability between measures of the phase of sit-to-walk movement of chronic stroke patients and the clinical assessment tool. Results of this study suggest that measurement of the phase of sit-to-walk movement can be used significantly as an intervention and a clinical tool for patients with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.920-924
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• 2012

This study was performed to estimate total contents of arsenic (As) by stepwise multiple-regression analysis using chemical properties and extractable contents of metal in paddy soil adjacent to abandoned mines. The soil was collected from paddies near abandoned mines. Soil pH, electrical conductively (EC), organic mater (OM), available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), and exchangeable cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na) were measured. Total contents of As and extractable contents of metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. From stepwise analysis, it was showed that the contents of extractable As, available phosphorus, extractable Cu, exchangeable K, exchangeable Na, and organic mater significantly influenced the total contents of As in soil (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression models have been established as Log (Total-As) = 0.741 + 0.716 Log (extractable-As) - 0.734 Log (avail-$P_2O_5$) + 0.334 Log (extractable-Cu) + 0.186 Log (exchangeable-K) - 0.593 Log (exchangeable-Na) + 0.558 Log (OM). The estimated value in total contents of As was significantly correlated with the measured value in soil ($R^2$=0.84196, p<0.0001). This predictive model for estimating total As contents in paddy soil will be properly applied to the numerous datasets which were surveyed with extractable heavy metal contents based on Soil Environmental Conservation Act before 2010.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Marine bacterial strains were isolated trom coastal regions of Goa and screened for the strains that produce the highest amount of mucous expolysaccharide (EPS). Our screening resulted in the identification of the strain Vibrio furnissii VB0S3 (hereafter called VB0S3), as it produced the highest EPS in batch cultures during the late logarithmic growth phase. The isolate was identified as VB0S3 based on morphological and biochemical properties. Growth and EPS production were studied in mineral salts medium supplemented with NaCl (1.5%) and glucose (0.2%). The exopolymer was recovered from the culture supernatant by using three volumes of cold ethanol precipitation and dialysis procedure. Chemical analyses of EPS revealed that it is primarily composed of neutral sugars, uronic acids, and proteins. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide groups, which correspond to a typical heteropolymeric polysaccharide, and the EPS also possessed good emulsification activity. The gas chromatographic analysis of an alditol-acetate derivatized sample of EPS revealed that it was mainly composed of galactose and glucose. Minor components found were mannose, rhamnose, fucose, ribose, arabinose, and xylose. EPS was readily isolated from culture supernatants, which suggests that the EPS was a slime-like exopolysaccharide. This is the first report of exopolysaccharide characterization that describes the isolation and characterization of an EPS expressed by Vibrio surnissii strain VB0S3. The results of the study contribute significantly and go a long way towards an understanding of the correlation between growth and EPS production, chemical composition, and industrial applications of the exopolysaccharide in environmental biotechnology and bioremediation.