A Reliability Study of Sit-to-walk for Dynamic Balance Assessment in Stroke Patient

뇌졸중환자의 동적 균형 평가를 위한 sit-to-walk의 신뢰도 연구

  • Kim, Da-Yeon (Department of Physical Therapy, the Graduate School, Daejeon University) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Duk (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Natural Science, Daejeon University) ;
  • Ki, Kyong-Il (Department of Physical Therapy, the Graduate School, Daejeon University)
  • 김다연 (대전대학교 대학원 물리치료학과) ;
  • 최종덕 (대전대학교 자연과학대학 물리치료학과) ;
  • 기경일 (대전대학교 대학원 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2013.09.16
  • Accepted : 2013.10.14
  • Published : 2013.10.25

Abstract

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the correlation of clinical tools for assessment of balance and ability of gait, in order to discriminate the phases of sit-to-walk movement of patients with stroke using the motion analysis system, and to investigate the reliability of the phase of sit-to-walk movement according to functional ability of patients with stroke. Methods: Twenty -one patients participated (men 17, women 4) in this study. Sit-to-walk movement of all patients was recorded by the motion analysis system. Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test, 10 meter Walk Timed Test, and Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment were used as functional assessment tools. Results: The results of this study showed significant correlation between the phase I, II, IV and total phase duration of sit-to-walk movement and functional assessment tools. In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed high reliability in accordance with the functional ability of patients with stroke (Pearson's r 0.93 to 1.00). Conclusion: In conclusion, there is high reliability between measures of the phase of sit-to-walk movement of chronic stroke patients and the clinical assessment tool. Results of this study suggest that measurement of the phase of sit-to-walk movement can be used significantly as an intervention and a clinical tool for patients with stroke.

Keywords

References

  1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: A report from the american heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119(3):480-6. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191259
  2. Bourbonnais D, Vanden Noven S, Pelletier R. Incoordination in patients with hemiparesis. Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de sante publique. 1992;83(2):58-63.
  3. Shumway-Cook A, Anson D, Haller S. Postural sway biofeedback: Its effect on reestablishing stance stability in hemiplegic patients. Arch phys med Rehabil. 1988;69(6):395-400.
  4. Winstein CJ, Gardner ER, McNeal DR et al. Standing balance training: Effect on balance and locomotion in hemiparetic adults. Arch phys med Rehabil. 1989;70(10):755-62.
  5. Holt RR, Simpson D, Jenner JR et al. Ground reaction force after a sideways push as a measure of balance in recovery from stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(1):88-95. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921500668655351
  6. Forster A, Young J. Incidence and consequences of falls due to stroke: A systematic inquiry. BMJ. 1995;311(6997):83-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6997.83
  7. Mehrholz J, Platz T, Kugler J et al. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving arm function and activities of daily living after stroke. Stroke. 2009;40(5):392-3. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.536219
  8. Dettmann MA, Linder MT, Sepic SB. Relationships among walking performance, postural stability, and functional assessments of the hemiplegic patient. Am J phys med. 1987;66(2):77-90.
  9. Olney SJ, Richards C. Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part i: Characteristics. Gait posture. 1996;4(2):136-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)01063-6
  10. on Schroeder HP, Coutts RD, Lyden PD et al. Gait parameters following stroke: A practical assessment. J Rehabil research and development. 1995;32(1):25-31.
  11. Keenan MA, Perry J, Jordan C. Factors affecting balance and ambulation following stroke. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984(182):165-71.
  12. Blum L, Korner-Bitensky N. Usefulness of the Berg Balance Scale in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. Phys Ther. 2008;88(5):559-66. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070205
  13. Won JI, Kim KS. Concurrent validity of the functional gait assessment, berg balance scale, and timed up and go test in patients with stroke. J Korean Soc Phys Ther. 2011;18(2):43-51.
  14. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed" up & go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8.
  15. Lin MR, Hwang HF, Hu MH et al. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(8):1343-8.
  16. Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch phys med Rehabil. 2002;83(11):1566-71. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.35469
  17. de Oliveira CB, de Medeiros IR, Frota NA, et al. Balance control in hemiparetic stroke patients: Main tools for evaluation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2006;86(6):778-87.
  18. Niam S, Cheung W, Sullivan PE et al. Balance and physical impairments after stroke. Arch phys med Rehabil. 1999;80(10):1227-33.
  19. Cheng P, Liaw M, Wong M et al. The sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients and its correlation with falling. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(9):1043-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(98)90168-X
  20. Chou SW, Wong AMR, Leong CP et al. Postural control during sit-to stand and gait in stroke patients. Clin Biomech. 2003;82(1):42-7.
  21. Kerr A, Durward B, Kerr KM. Defining phases for the sit-towalk movement. Clin Biomech. 2004;19(4):385-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.012
  22. Dehail P, Bestaven E, Muller F et al. Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of rising from a chair during a "sit-to-walk" task in elderly subjects: Role of strength. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(10):1096-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.015
  23. Kerr A, Rafferty D, Kerr KM et al. Timing phases of the sitto-walk movement: Validity of a clinical test. Gait posture. 2007;26(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.004
  24. Vander Linden DW, Brunt D, McCulloch MU. Variant and invariant characteristics of the sit-to-stand task in healthy elderly adults. Arch phys med Rehabil. 1994;75(6):653-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(94)90188-0
  25. Brunt D, Vander Linden DW, Behrman AL. The relation between limb loading and control parameters of gait initiation in persons with stroke. Arch phys med Rehabil. 1995;76(7):627-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80631-8
  26. Kerr A, Kerr KM, Durward B. Hesitancy during the sit-to-walk movement. Gait posture. 2006;24, Supplement 2(0):S262-S4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.11.180
  27. Kouta M, Shinkoda K. Differences in biomechanical characteristics of sit-to-walk motion between younger and elderly males dwelling in the community. J Phys Ther Sci. 2008;20(3):185-9. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.20.185
  28. Buckley T, Pitsikoulis C, Barthelemy E et al. Age impairs sit-towalk motor performance. J Biomech. 2009;42(14):2318-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.023
  29. Magnan A, McFadyen BJ, St-Vincent G. Modification of the sitto- stand task with the addition of gait initiation. Gait posture. 1996;4(3):232-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(95)01048-3
  30. Frykberg GE, Aberg AC, Halvorsen K et al. Temporal coordination of the sit-to-walk task in subjects with stroke and in controls. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(6):1009-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.023
  31. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI. The balance scale: Reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27(1):27-36.
  32. Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J, et al. Functional reach: A new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):192-7.
  33. Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986;34(2):119-26.
  34. Dean CM, Richards CL, Malouin F. Walking speed over 10 meters overestimates locomotor capacity after stroke. Clin Rehabili. 2001;15(4):415-21. https://doi.org/10.1191/026921501678310216
  35. Dobkin BH. Short-distance walking speed and timed walking distance: Redundant measure for clinical trial. Neurology. 2006;66(4):584-6. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000198502.88147.dd
  36. Morris S, Morris ME, Iansek R. Reliability of measurements obtained with the timed up & go test in people with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther. 2001;81(2):810-8.
  37. Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community dwelling older adults using the timed up & go test. Phys Ther. 2000;80(9):896-903.
  38. Richman J, Markrides L, Prince B. Research methodology and applied statistics. Part 3: measurement procedures in research. Phys. 1980;32:253-7.
  39. Kim JH, Park JW. Concurrent validity between figure-of-8 walking test and functional tests included tasks for dynamic balance and walking in patient with stroke. J Korean Soc Phys Ther. 2012:24(5):325-33.
  40. Frykberg GE. Movement control after stroke: studies on sit-to-walk and in the relations between clinical and laboratory measures. Uppsala University. Rechabilitation Medicine, Akademiska sjukhuset, 2010.