• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권3호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2020

Unlike the existing truss models for shear and torsion analysis, in this study, the torsional capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) members were estimated by introducing multi-potential capacity criteria that considered the aggregate interlock, concrete crushing, and spalling of concrete cover. The smeared truss model based on the fixed-angle theory was utilized to obtain the torsional behavior of reinforced concrete member, and the multi-potential capacity criteria were then applied to draw the capacity of the member. In addition, to avoid any iterative calculation in the existing torsional behavior model, a simple strength model was suggested that considers key variables, such as the effective thickness of torsional member, principal stress angle, and strain effect that reduces the resistance of concrete due to large longitudinal tensile strain. The proposed multi-potential capacity concept and the simple strength model were verified by comparing with test results collected from the literature. The study found that the multi-potential capacity could estimate in a rational manner not only the torsional strength but also the failure mode of RC members subjected to torsional moment, by reflecting the reinforcing index in both transverse and longitudinal directions, as well as the sectional and material properties of RC members.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1281-1299
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• 2017

A submodule N of a module M is called ${\mathcal{S}}$-closed (in M) if M/N is nonsingular. It is well-known that the class Closed of short exact sequences determined by closed submodules is a proper class in the sense of Buchsbaum. However, the class $\mathcal{S}-Closed$ of short exact sequences determined by $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules need not be a proper class. In the first part of the paper, we describe the smallest proper class ${\langle}\mathcal{S-Closed}{\rangle}$ containing $\mathcal{S-Closed}$ in terms of $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules. We show that this class coincides with the proper classes projectively generated by Goldie torsion modules and coprojectively generated by nonsingular modules. Moreover, for a right nonsingular ring R, it coincides with the proper class generated by neat submodules if and only if R is a right SI-ring. In abelian groups, the elements of this class are exactly torsionsplitting. In the second part, coprojective modules of this class which we call ec-flat modules are also investigated. We prove that injective modules are ec-flat if and only if each injective hull of a Goldie torsion module is projective if and only if every Goldie torsion module embeds in a projective module. For a left Noetherian right nonsingular ring R of which the identity element is a sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents, we prove that the class ${\langle}\mathcal{S-Closed}{\rangle}$ coincides with the class of pure-exact sequences of modules if and only if R is a two-sided hereditary, two-sided $\mathcal{CS}$-ring and every singular right module is a direct sum of finitely presented modules.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2001

본 논문은 도로의 선형이 곡선일때, 곡선상에 설치되는 곡선교를 해석함에 있어 에너지법에 기초하여 휨과 순수비틂 효과를 고려한 탄성방정식을 이용한다. 이 탄성방정식은 부정정 구조인 연속곡선박스거더의 정역학적 부정정력을 최소 일의 원리를 적용하여 구한다. 곡선박스거더에 수직단위하중과 단위토크를 작용시켜 전단력, 휨모멘트, 순수비틂모멘트, 그리고 처짐과 회전각에 대한 영향선을 구하며, 실제 하중이 작용할 때 곡선박스거더의 부재력을 구할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.347-375
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• 2016

Let R be a 3!-torsion free noncommutative semiprime ring, U a Lie ideal of R, and let $D:R{\rightarrow}R$ be a Jordan derivation. If [D(x), x]D(x) = 0 for all $x{\in}U$, then D(x)[D(x), x]y - yD(x)[D(x), x] = 0 for all $x,y{\in}U$. And also, if D(x)[D(x), x] = 0 for all $x{\in}U$, then [D(x), x]D(x)y - y[D(x), x]D(x) = 0 for all $x,y{\in}U$. And we shall give their applications in Banach algebras.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2003

(G, <) is an ordered group if'<'is a total order relation on G in which f < g implies that xfy < xgy for all f, g, x, y $\in$ G. We say that (G, <) is centrally ordered if (G, <) is ordered and ［G,D］ $\subseteq$ C for every convex jump C $\prec$ D in G. Equivalently, if $f^{-1}g f{\leq} g^2$ for all f, g $\in$ G with g > 1. Every order on a torsion-free locally nilpotent group is central. We prove that if every order on every two-generator subgroup of a locally soluble orderable group G is central, then G is locally nilpotent. We also provide an example of a non-nilpotent two-generator metabelian orderable group in which all orders are central.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

Let R be a 2-torsion free $\sigma$-prime ring with an involution $\sigma$, U a nonzero square closed $\sigma$-Lie ideal, Z(R) the center of Rand d a derivation of R. In this paper, it is proved that d = 0 or $U\;{\subseteq}\;Z(R)$ if one of the following conditions holds: (1) $d(xy)\;-\;xy\;{\in}\;Z(R)$ or $d(xy)\;-\;yx\;{\in}Z(R)$ for all x, $y\;{\in}\;U$. (2) $d(x)\;{\circ}\;d(y)\;=\;0$ or $d(x)\;{\circ}\;d(y)\;=\;x\;{\circ}\;y$ for all x, $y\;{\in}\;U$ and d commutes with $\sigma$.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2019

Torsional behaviors of beams are investigated for the web reinforcement and the concrete type. Eight beams with self-compacting concrete (SCC) and twelve beams with conventional concrete (CC) were manufactured and tested. All the models manufactured as the $250{\times}300{\times}1500mm$ were tested according to relevant standards. Two concrete types, CC and SCC were designed for 20 and 40 MPa compressive strength. From the point of web reinforcement, the web spacing was chosen as 80 and 100 mm. The rotation angles of the concrete beams subjected to pure torsional moment as well as the cracks occurring in the beams, the ultimate and critical torsional moments were observed. Moreover, the ultimate torsional moments obtained experimentally were compared with the values evaluated theoretically according to some relevant standards and theories. The closest estimations were observed for the skew-bending theory and the Australian Standard.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• 제4권3_4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

The objective of this research paper is to prove that an additive mapping T from a semiprime ring R to itself will be centralizer having a suitable torsion restriction on R if it satisfy any one of the following algebraic equations (a) 2T(xⁿyⁿxⁿ) = T(xⁿ)yⁿxⁿ + xⁿyⁿT(xⁿ) (b) 3T(xⁿyⁿxⁿ) = T(xⁿ)yⁿxⁿ+xⁿT(yⁿ)xⁿ+xⁿyⁿT(xⁿ) for every x, y ∈ R. Further, few extensions of these results are also presented in the framework of *-ring.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1993

비대칭단면(非對稱斷面)을 갖는 박벽공간(薄壁空間)뼈대와 원형(圓形)아아치의 휨-비틂 좌굴해석(挫屈解析)을 수행하기 위하여, 가상(假想)일의 원리(原理)를 이용한 공간(空間)뼈대요소(要素)의 접선강도(接線剛度)매트릭스가 유도(誘導)된다. 양단(兩端) 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 무시(無視)하는 경우와 구속(狗束)된 비틂을 고려(考慮)하는 경우 각각에 대하여 semitangential rotation and moment에 대응(對應)하는 박벽공간(薄壁空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 탄성(彈性) 및 기하적(幾何的)인 강도(剛度)매트릭스를 산정한다. 이 때, 휨을 받는 평면(平面)보의 처짐함수를 공간(空間) 뼈대요소(要素)의 축방향(軸方向) 및 횡방향(橫方向) 처짐과 비틂회전각에 대한 형상함수(形狀函數)로 사용한다. 순수휨과 균일한 압축력을 받는 도형(圖形)아아치의 횡좌굴문제(橫挫屈問題)를 해석(解析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에 의한 해석결과(解析結果)과 문헌(文獻)의 엄밀해(嚴密解)에 의한 결과들을 비교(比較), 분석(分析)하여 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제시한 이론(理論)의 정당성(正當性)을 입증(立證)한다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.294-299
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• 2004

An assessment of a novel laser-electric hybrid propulsion system was conducted, in which a laser-induced plasma was induced through laser beam irradiation onto a solid target and accelerated by electrical means instead of direct acceleration only by using a laser beam. A fundamental study of newly developed rectangular laser-assisted pulsed-plasma thruster (PPT) was conducted. On discharge characteristics and thrust performances with increased peak current compared to our previous study to increase effects of electromagnetic forces on plasma acceleration. Maximum peak current increased for our early study by increasing electromagnetic effects in a laser assisted PPT. At 8.65 J discharge energy, the maximum current reached about 8000 A. Plasma behaviors emitted from a thruster in various cases were observed with an ICCD camera. It was shown that the plasma behaviors were almost identical between low and high voltage cases in initial several hundred nanoseconds, however, plasma emission with longer duration was observed in higher voltage cases. Canted current sheet structures were also observed in the higher voltage cases using a larger capacitor. With a newly developed torsion-balance type thrust stand, thrust performances of laser assisted PPT could be estimated. The impulse bit and specific impulse linearly increased. On the other hand, coupling coefficient and the thrust efficiency did not increase linearly. The coupling coefficient decreased with energy showing maximum value (20.8 ？Nsec/J) at 0 J, or in a pure laser ablation cases. Thrust efficiency first decreased with energy from 0 to 1.4 J and then increased linearly with energy from 1.4 J to 8.6 J. At 8.65 J operation, impulse bit of 38.1 ？Nsec, specific impulse of 3791 sec, thrust efficiency of 8 %, and coupling coefficient of 4.3 ？Nsec/J were obtained.