• 대한간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1976

Contemper nursing literature place much importance on human- centered and individualized care. Nursing research has related stress during hospitalization of adolescent patients to adaptation to a new environment, isolation from friends, limitation due to illness, over protection of parents and communication with member of the medical team. The investigator conducted this study in the hope that an understanding of adolescents responses to hospitalization, their perceptions, the kinds and levels of stress, and the relationships between stressors and individual characteristics would contribute to the improvement of adolescent patient care. The objective of the study was to obtain informations related to the adolescents psychological stress experience during hospitalization, specifically stress from interpersonal relationships and communication, isolation from the family, social or economic problems, illness and from the treatment environment and nursing care. An interview schedule adopted from Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale and selected items from Voicer's instrument on stress-producing events was used with 120 adolescent inpatients aged 13 to 18 years three general hospitals in Seoul during Aug. 10, to Sep. 30, 1975. 1. The sample consisted of 66 male and 54 female patients. Sixty-six percent were late adolescents, aged 16 to 18 years: 4% were early adolescents, aged 13 to 15 years. The primary cause for hospitalization was for orthopedic problems (35.8%). More than half of these (54.4%) were due to injury or accident. 2. Stress eclated to illness revealed the highest score (4.97), followed by stress related to treatment environment and nursing care (4.34) , isolation from family and social or economic problems (4.01) and interpersonal relationships and communication (3.96). 3. The perceived indifference of doctors and nurses was a serious cause of stress (mean=4.83). Fellow patients and visitors caused least stress (mean=2.06). 4. Discontinuation of education or unemployment were major stressful events (mean=4.71). Least stressful was isolation from the family (mean=3.47). 5. More than 94% of the respondents expressed fears related to body image (mean=4.97) 6. Within the category of treatment environment and nursing care, items related to restrictions because of treatment, discomfort because of treatment, inadequate explanation from nurses about procedures were rated as severe stress events (mean=4.6). Items related to the ward environment and to having a relative stay with them were seen by the group as less serious events (mean=3.7). 7. Stress related to interpersonal relationships and communication was correlated positively with female patients and those preferring passive activities. (P〈0.05) 8. Stress related to family problems was positively related to female and early adolescent patients (P< 0.05). Stress related to social problems was positively , elated to students and those preferring active pursuits (P< 0.05). 9. There were no correlation between the high stress related to disease and any of the characteristic items. (P> 0.05) 10. Stress related to treatment environment and nursing care was positively related of early adolescent and female and student patients. (P< 0.05) This group of hospitalized adolescents reported high level of stress related to treatment environment and nursing care, due to lack of consideration of normal growth and development and individual characteristics. The findings have important implications for the planning of effective, individualized, comprehensive nursing care of adolescents during hospitalization.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

The growth of the older population is expected to further increase social problems associated with population aging, such as isolation, poverty, and depression. The emerging issues associated with the older population are also expected to provide further momentum on studies about the dwelling environment as factors that ensure the health of older people as well as improve their quality of life. Therefore, approaches for explaining the issues of the older age group should be diversified using a variety of factors and appropriate analytic tools. Studies on measuring depression have principally focused on assessing an objective self-report questionnaire, usually in a highly structured, textual form which may not reflect the cognitive impairment of older adults. The aim of this study was to define and measure dwelling depression among older adults in Korea. There are two specific hypotheses in this study as follows: (a) there will be statistically significant relationships with dwelling dissatisfaction and depression, and (b) dwelling depression tools containing text and images will be, respectively, assessment tools that have a good construct with content validity and reliability. In the first experiment, to define and measure dwelling depression, 301 people over 65 years old living in single and two-person households were surveyed using a text-based dwelling depression questionnaires from September 1-30, 2017. In the second experiment, to examine whether the projective image questionnaire could serve as a suitable replacement for the text-based questionnaires, the same participants were surveyed from January 22 to February 2, 2018. The results show that depression has a close correlation with dwelling dissatisfaction. In addition, the geriatric dwelling depression index (GDDI) based on the projective image was refined. Additionally, the projective image questionnaire has a close correlation with the text-based questionnaire. Finally, through ROC curve analysis, it was found that the projective image questionnaire can accurately predict a depression group. To this end, this preliminary study examined the validity of the projective image questionnaire in older adults to make this instrument feasible for older populations and to contribute to a profound understanding of geriatric depression due to the living environment. We hope they will provide a basis for further research on psychological diagnoses using projective images.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

보육교직원은 보육현장에서 요구되는 긍정적인 이미지를 연출하기 위해 자신의 감정을 억압, 과장, 통제, 조절, 규제하는 감정노동을 경험한다. 영유아 대상의 근무환경은 그 특성상 감정노동 보육교직원의 심리적 소진 원인이 되며, 나아가서 삶의 질을 저하하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 노래는 인간의 삶의 질을 향상하는 데 도움을 주므로 감정노동 보육교직원에게 노래심리치료가 심리적 소진의 회복과 자기 돌봄 과정에서 긍정적인 삶을 계획할 수 있도록 하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 첫째, 노래심리치료를 통한 감정노동 보육교직원의 심리적 소진은 어떠한가? 둘째, 노래심리치료를 통한 감정노동 보육교직원의 자기 돌봄 과정은 어떠한가?를 연구문제로 설정하였다. 연구 시기는 2017년 3월부터 2020년 5월까지였으며, 질적사례연구로 프로그램 진행과 심층인터뷰, 직접관찰, 참여관찰 등의 자료 수집을 통해 ○○○ 어린이집에서 2019년 6월부터 10월까지 구조화된 회기별로 12회기에 걸쳐 매 회기 50분간 진행되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론이 도출되었다. 첫째, 노래심리치료를 통한 감정노동 보육교직원은 자신 삶의 의지와 심리적으로 소진된 자신을 발견하고 이해, 인식하며 내면의 문제들을 직면하고, 소통하며 통찰할 수 있었다. 타인에게서 받은 정서적 지원은 정서적 고갈의 경험을 줄일 수 있으며 업무에서의 좌절로 인한 경험의 회복과 성취감 향상을 증명하였다. 둘째, 노래심리치료를 통한 감정노동 보육교직원의 자기 돌봄은 시간적, 공간적, 관계적, 정서적 돌봄 과정을 증명하였고, 다른 사람을 돌보는 일과 자신을 돌보는 일의 균형을 유지하면서 신체와 마음, 영성이 유기적으로 통합되며 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구는 심리적 소진과 자기 돌봄 과정은 삶의 본질적인 의미를 발견하고 자신의 내면을 탐색 및 표현할 수 있도록 기회를 제공하고, 타인과 자신의 돌봄이 균형적으로 이루어지고 전인적인 건강한 자아를 위한 통찰, 성장을 통해 삶의 질이 향상하는 기회를 제공하는 데 의의를 둔다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2018

본 연구는 만3~5세 자녀를 둔 어머니와 만 6~7세 초등 1, 2학년 자녀를 둔 어머니의 행복감 비교를 통하여 유아 및 초등 저학년 어머니의 행복감 특성과 차이를 알아봄으로써 두 집단 어머니의 행복감 증진 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 이루어졌다. 연구대상은 유아 어머니 168명과 초등 저학년 어머니 170명, 총 338명이었으며 연구도구는 Ryff의 심리적 안녕감 척도를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 유아 어머니와 초등 저학년 어머니의 전체 행복감에서는 차이가 없었으나 6개의 하위변인 즉, 자아수용, 긍정적 대인관계, 자율성, 환경통제력, 삶의 목적, 개인적 성장의 변인에서 유아 어머니와 초등 저학년 어머니 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 하위변인 중 자율성과 개인성장의 변인에서는 유아 어머니가 초등 저학년 어머니에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 환경통제력, 긍정적 대인관계, 삶의 목적, 자아수용의 변인에서는 초등 저학년 어머니가 유아 어머니에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 어머니의 연령, 학력, 소득, 종교에 따라 유아 어머니와 초등 저학년 어머니의 행복감에는 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이 같은 결과를 통해 자녀교육이 어머니의 행복감에 주는 영향력과 유 초 연계교육의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 어머니들의 행복감 증진을 위해서는 유 초등 연계교육의 내실화 및 국가적 차원에서 어머니의 일반적 특성에 기초한 체계적인 부모교육과 정책적 지원이 강화될 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

With the dynamically changing environment of society, managing change is the vital element of organizations's survival and growth. Health care organizations have expended enormous resources to restructure patient care delivery. Despite the growing literature describing these organizational innovations, there is a paucity of credible data that reflects systematic measurement and evaluation of such changes. This study examined the nurses' psychological response toward the work process redesign, newly introduced by the nursing department in a acute care hospital. The aim of the study was to figure out how nurses's general perception of change and perceived attributes of change affected their acceptance of change during the organizational transition. This was descriptive- correlational. The sample for the study included 50 head nurses and 135 staff nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS PC+, version 10.0. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the mean score of the perception of change was 71.2(SD=13.8) with the range of 0-100, which means nurses generally perceived change positively. There were significant differences in perception of change by gender and education level. Head nurses perceived change more positively than staff nurses. The higher education level showed the more positive view of change. Second, among the perceived attributes of change, trialability had the highest mean score, which means nurses perceived the change more positively if it is testable on a limited basis. Relative advantage was perceived the most negatively. Finally, factors influencing the acceptability of the work-process redesign were perceived comparability, complexity, relative advantage, and observability, which accounted for 43.7% of the variance in the acceptability of change. This study evaluated the preliminary effects of the nursing process for reengineering, focusing on nurses' acceptability towards change. The usefulness of this research study was to determine the factors influencing acceptance of organizational members during transitional periods of change and to suggest effective strategies for increasing adoption as well as for decreasing resistance to change.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

We investigated the work-life balance of clinical professors in charge of patient care, research, and education at medical schools and the demand for work-life balance support according to position (professor, associate professor, or assistant professor). In total, 163 clinical professors completed the consent form and participated in the study. They filled out an online survey consisting of questions about essential characteristics, a work-life balance test, stress, burnout, work-life satisfaction, and work-life balance support needs. We analyzed the results by analysis of variance and cross-tabulation using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0. Differences were found in work-life balance, stress, burnout, and satisfaction with life and work by position. The requirements for support for work-life balance also varied by professional status. Professors had a higher balance between life and work than associate professors or assistant professors. The specific requirements for work-life balance support were also slightly different for each position. Overall, there was a high demand for work process simplification and efficiency for work support, flexible working hours and sabbatical years for family and leisure, and career management consulting and training support for growth. Assistant professors and associate professors had a lower level of work-life balance than professors, as well as higher levels of stress and burnout. Professors' job satisfaction was also higher than that of the other groups. Based on the results of this study, we hope that a healthy work environment can be established through work-life balance support suitable for clinical professors' positions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2011

Internet-based commerce has undergone an explosive growth over the past decade as consumers today find it more economical as well as more convenient to shop online. Nevertheless, the shift in the common mode of shopping from offline to online commerce has caused consumers to have worries over such issues as private information leakage, online fraud, discrepancy in product quality and grade, unsuccessful delivery, and so forth, Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the role of perceived risk as a chief barrier to online purchases and to understand the theoretical relationships among perceived risk, trust and purchase intentions, However, most studies focus on empirically investigating the effects of trust on perceived risk, with little attention devoted to the effects of perceived risk on trust, While the influence trust has on perceived risk is worth studying, the influence in the opposite direction is equally important, enabling insights into the potential of perceived risk as a prohibitor of trust, According to Pavlou (2003), the primary source of the perceived risk is either the technological uncertainty of the Internet environment or the behavioral uncertainty of the transaction partner. Due to such types of uncertainty, an increase in the worries over the perceived risk may negatively affect trust, For example, if a consumer who sends sensitive transaction data over Internet is concerned that his or her private information may leak out because of the lack of security, trust may decrease (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), By the same token, if the consumer feels that the online merchant has the potential to profit by behaving in an opportunistic manner taking advantage of the remote, impersonal nature of online commerce, then it is unlikely that the merchant will be trusted, That is, the more the probable danger is likely to occur, the less trust and the greater need to control the transaction (Olivero and Lunt, 2004), In summary, a review of the related studies indicates that while some researchers looked at the influence of overall perceived risk on trust level, not much attention has been given to the effects of different types of perceived risk, In this context the present research aims at addressing the need to study how trust is affected by different types of perceived risk, We classified perceived risk into six different types based on the literature, and empirically analyzed the impact of each type of perceived risk upon consumer trust in an online merchant and further its impact upon purchase intentions. To meet our research objectives, we developed a conceptual model depicting the nomological structure of the relationships among our research variables, and also formulated a total of seven hypotheses. The model and hypotheses were tested using an empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 206 college students. The reliability was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas, the minimum of which was found to be 0.73, and therefore the questionnaire items are all deemed reliable. In addition, the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designed to check the validity of the measurement model indicate that the convergent, discriminate, and nomological validities of the model are all acceptable. The structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypotheses yielded the following results. Of the first six hypotheses (H1-1 through H1-6) designed to examine the relationships between each risk type and trust, three hypotheses including H1-1 (performance risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust), H1-2 (psychological risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) and H1-5 (online payment risk ${\rightarrow}$ trust) were supported with path coefficients of -0.30, -0.27 and -0.16 respectively. Finally, H2 (trust ${\rightarrow}$ purchase intentions) was supported with relatively high path coefficients of 0.73. Results of the empirical study offer the following findings and implications. First. it was found that it was performance risk, psychological risk and online payment risk that have a statistically significant influence upon consumer trust in an online merchant. It implies that a consumer may find an online merchant untrustworthy if either the product quality or the product grade does not match his or her expectations. For that reason, online merchants including digital storefronts and e-marketplaces are suggested to pursue a strategy focusing on identifying the target customers and offering products that they feel best meet performance and psychological needs of those customers. Thus, they should do their best to make it widely known that their products are of as good quality and grade as those purchased from offline department stores. In addition, it may be inferred that today's online consumers remain concerned about the security of the online commerce environment due to the repeated occurrences of hacking or private information leakage. Online merchants should take steps to remove potential vulnerabilities and provide online notices to emphasize that their website is secure. Second, consumer's overall trust was found to have a statistically significant influence on purchase intentions. This finding, which is consistent with the results of numerous prior studies, suggests that increased sales will become a reality only with enhanced consumer trust.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.389-409
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.175-203
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• 2010

영재성의 계발에 영향을 끼치는 많은 요인들 중에서도 영재성을 최초로 발견하고 키워가는 가정 요인은 매우 중요하지 않을 수 없다. 한편 영재의 가정 관련 연구들은 대부분 가정환경 중 물리적 환경에 중점을 두고 있으며 심리적 환경에 관한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 영재 가족의 여가 활동은 영재 개인의 정서적, 지적, 사회적 발달은 물론이거니와 영재가족 구성원의 삶의 질의 향상을 위해 크게 기여하게 되는데, 영재가족의 여가에 관한 연구는 아직까지 실행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 영재가족의 여가특성을 조사함으로써 추후 영재가족의 정서적, 사회적 성장의 시너지 효과를 독려하기 위한 부모교육 및 영재가족 지원의 방향 모색을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 첫째, 영재가족의 여가활동 유형은 '가족지향 활동'과 '자기개발 활동'의 여가에 편중되어 있는 현상을 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 영재가족의 여가 활동 동기를 가족 수, 부모 각각의 연령, 부모의 교육 수준, 부모의 직업 등의 변인으로 유의수준을 검증한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않다는 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구의 결과는 건강한 영재성 성취를 위해 영재가족의 효율적 여가에 관한 교육과 지원이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제62권
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• pp.313-334
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• 2020

교육의 한 요소로써 교육공간은 교육의 목적과 분리될 수 없다. 교육공간은 교육과정을 실행하는 통로일 뿐 아니라 교육내용을 통해 달성하고자 하는 목적 그 자체이다. 이는 교사와 학생, 교육내용, 방법만 가지고는 충실하게 교육의 목적을 달성할 수 없고 이를 수행하고 대변할 수 있는 교육공간에 대한 인식의 변화가 필요하다. 그러나 공간에 대한 문제는 간과하기 쉬운 주제이고 이를 재정이나 교회 규모에 관한 쟁점으로 미뤄두고 있다. 교회 교육공간은 신앙이 잉태되고 자라는 영적 발달과 경험이 일어나는 곳이다. 그러나 현실은 학교 교실 공간의 배열과 구조가 가진 문제점을 그대로 답습하고 있으며 교회 교육공간을 학습자 중심으로 구성한다고 할지라도 획일적이고 일반적인 형태에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 특히 학교 교실과 비슷한 교회 교육공간은 의자, 책상 등의 가구 배열이나 물리적 형태의 기본환경이 유사하다. 이는 지식전수, 획일주의 등의 목적에 적합하게 기획된 것이므로 교회 교육공간은 이를 지양해야 한다. 인간은 공간에서 태어나고 죽을 뿐 아니라 하나님과의 만남도 공간에서 일어난다. 그리고 하나님과의 교통은 인간에게 공간적 회심을 일으켜 방문하는 곳이 달라지게 한다. 그래서 교회의 교육공간이 학교 교실보다 더 세심하고 포괄적이어야 하는 것은 교회공간이 물리적, 교육적, 심리적, 사회적, 예술적 목적을 추구하는 학교와 달리 이 모든 것에 예전적 요소까지 포함하고 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 기독교적 환경구성은 교회를 방문하는 사람에 대한 공간적 배려, 기독교 예술작품이나 상징물 등을 배치함으로 신앙교육의 환경 조성, 공간이 지닌 기독교적 정체성인 예전성을 통해 기독교적 공간의 특성을 추구해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 신앙 발달을 위한 공간의 역할이 있음을 강조하고 내·외재적 교육환경의 변화를 추구함으로 공간문제에 교육적 관심을 기울이는데 이바지하고자 한다.