• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.209-224
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• 2024

The goal of this study is to instigate various new and novel optimum proximity point theorems using the notion of implicit relation type ℶ-proximal contraction for non-self mappings. An illustrated example is used to demonstrate the validity of the obtained results. Furthermore, some uniqueness results for proximal contractions are also furnished with partial order and graph. Various well-known discoveries in the present state-of-the-art are enhanced, extended, unified, and generalized by our findings. As an application, we generate some fixed point results fulfilling a modified contraction and a graph contraction, using the profundity of the established results.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2012

In this paper, we study the four different types of relations, $\mathcal{P}(X,T)$, $\mathcal{R}(X,T)$, $\mathcal{L}(X,T)$, and $\mathcal{S}(X,T)$ in a transformation (X,T), and obtain some of their properties. In particular, we give a relationship between $\mathcal{R}(X,T)$ and $\mathcal{S}(X,T)$.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

In this paper four regular relations, R, $L^*$, $M^*$ and $Q^*$ in a transformation group (X, T) are defined and some of their properties are studied.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

In this paper we define a regular relation with respect to a homomorphism in transformation groups and we find the equivalent conditions for the relation to be an equivalence relation.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.495-501
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• 2007

In this paper the relative regionally regular relation is defined and it will be given the necessary and sufficient conditions for the relation to be an equivalence relation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-133
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• 2012

According to previous studies, the effect of intrinsic motivation related variables such as cognitive absorption (CA) on the use of information technology(IT) should be mediated by the conscious intention. However, CA, which is a thought of previous emotional experience, a deep involvement with a software, may be one of environmental cues stimulating the use of IT independently of conscious intention. The objective of this study is to show the direct effect of CA on the automatic use of IT. For this purpose, as well as the relation between CA and use, two relations, CA-intention and intention-use, were also suggested as hypotheses, which will show that conscious intention would not fully mediate the relation between CA and automatic use. Moreover, for seeing the effects of CA as time passes, the proximal effect, which is short term and transitory effect, and the distal effect, which is long term and lingering, were simultaneously included in hyptheses. Finally, the effect of past use was also suggested as a hypothesis which aimed to show that automatic use would be controlled mostly by habit rather than not only intention but also CA. For the empirical validation of the hypotheses, 174 users of 'Cyworld', one of most influential social network services, were longitudinally surveyed, which showed that the hypotheses were accepted.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.687-695
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The proper contact relation between adjacent teeth in each arch plays an important role in the stability and maintenance of the integrity of the dental arches. Proximal contact has been defined as the area of a tooth that is in close association, connection, or touch with an adjacent tooth in the same arch. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a digital device for measuring the proximal tooth contact tightness by pulling a thin stainless steel strip (2mm wide, 0.03mm thick) inserted between proximal tooth contact. Material and method: This device consists of measuring part, sensor part, motor part and body part. The stainless steel strip was connected to a stain gauge. The strain gauge was designed to convert the frictional force into a compressive force. This compressive force was detected as a electrical signal and the electrical signal was digitalized by a A/D converter. The digital signals were displayed by a micro-processor. The pulling speed was 8mm/s. Results: For testing reliability of the device in vivo, two healthy young adults (A, B) participated in this experiment. The tightness of proximal tooth contact between the second premolar and the first molar of mandible (subject A) and maxilla (subject B) was measured fifteen times for three days at rest. We double-checked the accuracy of the device with a Universal Testing Machine. Output signals from the Universal Testing Machine and the measuring device were compared. Regression analysis showed high linearity between these two signals. In vivo test, no significant differences were found between measurements. Conclusion: This device has shown to he capable of producing reliable and reproducible results in measuring proximal tooth contact. Therefore, it was considered that this device was appropriate to apply clinically.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

Given a homomorphism ${\Pi}:X{\rightarrow}Y$, with Y minimal, we will introduce the concept of a relative (to ${\Pi}$) F-regular relation which generalize the notions of F-proximality, F-regularity and relative F-proximality, and will study its properties.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.553-556
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• 2013

Background: This study was designed to examine changing trends in localization of gastric cancer in Turkey in recent years. Materials and Methods: A total of 796 adult patients with newly diagnosed, histologically proven adenocarcinomas, treated and followed up at our oncology center between 2000-2011, were examined retrospectively. In all cases tumor localization were identified and recorded with clinicopathological features. Results: The median age was 58 with a range between 22-90 for the 552 men and 244 women. Median follow up was 12 months (1-276) and median overall survival was also 12 months (11.5-12.4). There was a trend for a change in tumor localization from distal to proximal. Survival of patients was low with advanced T and N stage tumours. Positive surgical margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, cardioesophageal localization were predisposition factors for metastatic disease in gastric cancer. There was no relation between age or sex and histopathological type of gastric cancer. Conclusions: There is a trend in our country for a change in gastric tumour localization from distal to proximal, with clear significance for treatment choices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1980

The purpose of this article is to re-examine the roentgenographic appearance of alveolar osseous in an effort to determine the value of the orthopantomogram in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A total of 158 osseous lesions from 13 human dry skulls were studied. 14 Ultra-speed periapical films, 2 bitewing films and Kodak panoramic film are used to obtain radiographs of all defects. The bisecting technic was used, with a target-film distance of. 8 inches and exposure factors of 70 kVp, 10MA and 0.4 sec. at anterior teeth, 0.6 see at posterior teeth in exposure time. For orthopantomogram, Panoura Eight-C was used with a exposure factors of 90kVp, 10MA. and 15sec. exposure time. All films were developed in a light. tight darkroom at 68°F for 4½ minutes. Comparison of orthopantomogram and intraoral films on the view-box was carefully studied in relation to the types of osseous defect visually evident; Proximal intraosseous defects, Interproximal craters, Interproximal hemisepta, Furcal defects on multirooted teeth, and Facial or Lingual one-walled defects. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Proximal osseous defects throughout the dental arches and furcal defects on facial and lingual surfaces of multirooted teeth can be identified with a high degree of accuracy from their orthopantomographic appearances. 2. Lesions on facial or lingual surface of the alveolar arches are rather difficult to locate or recognize on the dental radiographs. 3. In determining whether the proximal and furcal lesions are located facially or lingually, Orthopantomogram is superior to the conventional film Orthopantomogram obtained with standardization of head in proper position revealed the complete visualization of alveolar bone without showing occlusal surface of molars and proximal superimposition of teeth. Thus, on the standardized orthopantomograms, The roentgenographic characteristics of each defect were determined.