• Title/Summary/Keyword: prosocial moral reasoning

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Children's Perception of the Characteristics of Tasks, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, and Prosocial Decision-making (유아와 아동의 과제특성지각과 친사회적 도덕추론 및 친사회적 의사결정)

  • Lee, Ok Kyoung;Lee, Soon Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.15-33
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    • 2003
  • The 120 participants of this study were 5- and 9-year-old children and their mothers. Children responded to 24 prosocial moral reasoning dilemmas and 8 prosocial decision-making tasks. Mothers' prosocial moral reasoning was assessed with questionnaires. Level of moral reasoning was higher in distant than in close relationships. 5-year-olds in preoperational stage used the complex situational cues in their reasoning, and prosocial moral reasoning of 9-year-olds was positively related to mothers' prosocial moral reasoning in the situation with conditions of distant relationship, low costs, and internal responsibility. Children made more helping decisions in close than in distant relationship situations, low rather than high cost situations, and external rather than internal responsibility situations. 5-year-olds whose mothers were high in level of prosocial moral reasoning were more helpful.

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Correlates of Prosocial Behaviors in Male and Female Adolescents (남녀 청소년의 친사회적 행동 관련 변인 연구)

  • Lee, Seung-Mi;Lee, Kyung-Nim
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2008
  • The variables studied in relation to adolescents' prosocial behaviors were grade, prosocial moral reasoning, empathy, self-esteem, parental prosocial behaviors, support and marital conflict, social economic status, peer prosocial behaviors and support, teacher support, school life satisfaction and achievement. The sample consisted of 837 seventh and tenth grade adolescents. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, female students had more prosocial behaviors than male students. Second, male and female students' prosocial behaviors showed positive correlations with grade, prosocial moral reasoning, empathy, self-esteem, parental and peer prosocial behaviors and support, teacher support and school life satisfaction. However, female students' prosocial behaviors had a negative correlation with parental marital conflict. Third, important variables predicting male and female students' prosocial behaviors were empathy, peer prosocial behaviors and parental prosocial behaviors. Important variables predicting male students' prosocial behaviors were teacher support and prosocial moral reasoning. On the other hand, the important variable predicting female students' prosocial behaviors was self-esteem.

Children's Prosocial Moral Reasoning and Prosocial Behavior (과제의 부담과 종류에 따른 아동의 친사회적 도덕추론과 친사회적 행동)

  • Lee, Ok Kyung;Yi, Soon Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.275-288
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    • 1996
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate children's prosocial behavior by age and sex and to examine the relationship between children's prosocial moral reasoning and prosocial behavior by costs and types of tasks. The subjects were 300 3th-and 6th-graders enrolled in elementary schools in Seoul. The revised form of Prosocial Moral Dilemmas including costs and types of tasks was used. The tasks of prosocial behaviors included time-cost tasks, money-cost tasks and physical strength-cost tasks. For data analysis, the paired t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlations were used. Major findings were as follows; (1)There was age difference in children's prosocial behavior. 6th-graders performed at a higher level than 3th-graders. Sex differences weren't significant. In low- and high-cost tasks and in time-, money-, and physical strength-cost tasks, there were (2) Scores on high-cost behavior tasks were higher than on low-cost tasks. (3) Children's prosocial moral reasoning was positively related to prosocial behavior; in low- and high-cost tasks, and in time-, money-, and physical strength-cost tasks.

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The Traits of Social Cognition Associated With Latent Participants of Bullying (또래괴롭힘 상황에서 주변또래의 잠재적 참여유형에 따른 사회인지적 특성 비교)

  • Kim, Jieun;Park, Hye Jun
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.69-81
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    • 2016
  • Objective: The literature on participant roles in bullying lacks empirical evidence to explicate what differentiates latent participation. The purpose of the present study was to examine social cognition in early adolescents (i.e., empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm) with latent participants of bullying. Methods: The participants included 279 adolescents (129 girls; M age = 13.5 years) in two middle schools. Results: The result showed that empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm were possible determinants of latent bullying. First, high levels of empathy (especially empathic concern and perspective taking) was associated with latent defenders. Second, helping decision of prosocial moral dilemma and prosocial moral reasoning were associated with complex situational cues. Third, latent reinforcer positively indentified the group norm with regard to bullying. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for anti-bullying programs and educational practitioners.

Moral Judgment and Moral Reasoning in 3- and 5-Year-Olds : - Aggressive Behavior - (공격 행동에 대한 유아의 도덕 판단과 추론: -공격 행동의 의도와 결과 제시 유무를 중심으로-)

  • Park, Jin Hui;Yi, Soon Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2005
  • This study investigated moral judgment and moral reasoning about aggressive behavior by intention, presentation of results of aggressive behavior, and age of child. Forty-four 3-year old and forty-six 5-year-old day-care children in Seoul and Kyonggi Province were interviewed individually with 20 pictorial tasks. Data analysis was by frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, paired t-test, and ANOVA(repeated measures). Both age groups judged instrumental and resentment-based types of aggression to be worse than prosocial or rule observance-based aggression. Both age groups judged aggressive behavior to be worse when results of aggression were presented. Five-year-olds judged aggression to be worse on instrumental than on retributive types of intent. Level of reasoning on aggressive behavior was lowest in cases of satisfying resentment Level of reasoning about aggression increased with age.

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Analysis of Variables for Classifying Types of Outsiders in Bullying Situations (또래괴롭힘 상황에서 주변또래 유형의 판별변인 분석)

  • Seo, Mi Jeong;Kim, Kyong Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.35-51
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of the present study was to identify variables for predicting types of outsiders and possible mitigating factors in bullying situations. Participants were 344 $5^{th}$, $6^{th}$ and $7^{th}$ grade students(159 boys and 185 girls). Involvement of outsiders in bullying was examined by proportion. Major findings were that; (1) Over half of the sample(65.4%) were involved in bullying by either actively reinforcing(bully-followers; 6.4%) or passively observing(bystanders; 59.0%); 34.6% were defenders of victims. (2) Multiple discriminant analysis yielded a function of 3 variables(empathy, risk burden, and prosocial moral reasoning) that was effective in classifying bully-followers, bystanders, and victim-defenders. Empathy and prosocial moral reasoning predicted victim-defenders and risk burden predicted bully-followers and bystanders.

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The Effects of Adolescents' Cultural Disposition and Self-Construal on the Reasons for Prosocial Behavior (청소년의 문화성향과 자기관이 친사회적 행동의 이유에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Seong-Hee;Han, Sae-Young
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.255-266
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference in the self-construal and the reason for prosocial behavior by cultural disposition. Further, this paper also aims to analyze the relationships among adolescents' cultural disposition, self-construal, and prosocial behavior and to analyze the path to moral reasoning. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires filled out by 385 adolescents in Cheongju. These data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS ver. 12.0. The major results of the study were as follows: first, adolescents who perceived higher individualism showed a higher independent self-construal, and adolescents who perceived higher collectivism showed a higher interdependent self-construal. Second, adolescents who perceived higher collectivism attributed prosocial behavior to internal reasons and adolescents who perceived both higher individualism and collectivism attributed prosocial behavior to self-focused reasons as compared to the adolescents who perceived them to be lower. Third, as a result of the mediator analysis, the cultural disposition of adolescents including individualism and collectivism influenced the internal reasons for prosocial behavior through independent selfconstrual. Further, the cultural disposition of adolescents influenced internal reasons, self-focused reasons, and other focused reasons for prosocial behavior through interdependent self-construal. Based on these results, the implication was discussed and a follow-up study was suggested.

Effects of Videos about Good and Evil on Moral Judgments Regarding Self and Others (인간의 선악을 보여주는 영상은 자신과 타인에 대한 도덕적 판단에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?)

  • Kim, ShinWoo;Lee, WonSeob;Li, Hyung-Chul O.
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2019
  • Previous resarch demonstrated that moral judgment is not an outcome of rational reasoning, but an independent variable determined by diverse factors. The effects of disgust on moral harshness, audience effect on moralistic punishment are some examples that support this view. The variability of moral judgment raises a question on what effects video stimuli might have on moral judgments. Although a few studies (Schnall, Roper, & Fessler, 2010) have shown that watching a prosocial video clip promote moral behavior, no research have simultaneously tested the effects of both positive and negative video clips on moral (not bahavior but) judgments. Hence, this research tested the effects of viewing videos about good and evil on moral judgments regarding the self and others. To this end, participants were asked to view a video clip depicting content of either positive or negative human behavior and required to make moral judgments on conduct described in a scenario assuming that the person committing the act was either themselves or another person. The results showed significant effects of both video contents (positive, negative) and the actor (self, others) on moral judgments, but they were qualified by the interaction between the two. In particular, participants who watched evil deed of others made harsher judgments on others' moral transgression. Theses results demonstrate that video contents influence moral judgments, and the effect depends on the actor of the immoral behavior. In general discussion, we interpreted the results based on moral disgust, framing effect, and fundamental attribution error.

Infants' understanding of intentions underlying agents' helping and hindering actions (영아의 도움 행동과 방해 행동의 의도 이해)

  • Lee, Young-Eun;Song, Hyun-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.135-157
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    • 2014
  • The present study investigated whether 6- and 12-month-old infants could infer an agent's social preference on the basis of intentions. In Experiment 1, 12-month-old infants were first familiarized with two kinds of event: the helping and the hindering events. In the helping event, an agent (either a square or triangle) tried to help a circle climb up the hill and the movie stopped right before the circle reached the top of the hill. Thus, the outcome of the helping behavior was made to be ambiguous. Similarly, in the hindering movie, another agent tried to hinder the circle from reaching the top of the hill and the movie stopped right before the circle slipped down to the base of the hill making the final outcome of the hindering behavior unclear. During the test trial, infants were either presented with an event in which the circle approached the helper (approach-helper condition) or an event in which the circle approached the hinderer (approach-hinderer condition). The results indicated that both 6- and 12-month-olds looked longer at the approach-helper event than at the approach-hinderer event. Thus, by 6 months of age, infants are sensitive to agents' intentions when reasoning about agents' social preference. The current findings add to the emerging evidence on social evaluation and moral reasoning during infancy.