• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

Purpose - Multi-dimensional prices comprise multiple components such as monthly payments and a number of payments rather than a single lump-sum amount. According to previous studies, an increase in the number of price dimensions leads to a massive amount of cognitive stress resulting in incorrect calculation, and deterioration in the consistency of the price judgment. However, an increase only in the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices does not always result in a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of price evaluation. Since diverse variables could affect consumers' purchase-decision-making process, the results of price evaluation would be different. In this study, an empirical analysis was performed to determine how the accuracy of price evaluation varies depending on the extent of the complexity of price dimensions using product involvement and brand preference as moderating variables. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on 260 students, and 252 effective responses were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. In this study, six hypotheses were developed to examine the effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation effort of multi-dimensional prices. Results - As the number of price dimensions increased, accuracy of price evaluation appeared to be low in high involvement, as expected. However, it showed no differences in price evaluation effort when the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices is low. When a small number of price dimensions are presented in both cases of high and low involvement, accuracy of price evaluation is much higher in a weak brand preference. On the contrary, a strong brand preference enhances an accuracy of price evaluation only in case of low involvement when the number of price dimensions is increased. An interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation of multi-dimensional prices did not exist irrespective of the level of complexity of calculating prices being high or low. Conclusions - When the number of price dimensions is small, consumers' effort for price evaluation shows almost no difference without the moderating effect of involvement, and a weak brand preference leads to a higher accuracy of price evaluation in an effort to make the best selection. No interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference was found except for a main effect of brand preference. When a price is composed of multiple dimensions rendering it more difficult to calculate the final price, the effort for price evaluation was expected to decrease only slightly in case of combination of high involvement and strong brand preference. This is because people have a higher purchase intentions and trust for that particular brand. However, the accuracy of price evaluation was much lower in cases of high involvement, and there was no interaction effect between product involvement and brand preference except for a main effect of involvement and brand preference, respectively.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2022

Purpose Online reviews are critical for sales of online shopping platforms because they provide useful information to consumers. As the eCommerce market grows rapidly, the role of online reviews is becoming more important. The purpose of this study is to analyze how online reviews written by domestic consumers affect product sales by classifying the types of products. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed how the effects of review characteristics(reviewer reputation, reviewer exposure, review length, time, rating, image, and emotional score) on the usefulness of online reviews differ depending on the product types. Subsequently, how the impact of review attributes (review usefulness, number of reviews, ratings, and emotional scores) on product sales differs according to each product type was compared. Based on the FCB Grid model, the product type was classified into high involvement-rational, high involvement-emotional, low involvement -rational, and low involvement-emotional product types. Findings According to the analysis result, the characteristics of reviews useful to consumers were different for each product type, and the review attributes affecting product sales were also different for each product type. This study confirmed that it revealed that product characteristics are major consideration in evaluating the review usefulness and the factors affecting product sales.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.211-235
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• 2001

The level and motivational basis of consumer involvement have been recognized as having important effects on purchase behavior. To explore the importance of hedonic aspects of involvement upon consumer purchase behavior, survey data on involvement degree and type concerning 8 product classes from 388 respondents was analyzed. Major findings of this study are summarized as follow. First of all, hedonic factor is evidenced as an important component of consumer involvement. In addition, hedonic dimension of involvement is proved to have significant effects on consumer purchase behavior in general. Secondly, analysis of the difference in behavioral tendencies between purchasing product with hedonic value(coffee) and utilitarian motive(washing machine) shows that consumers have relatively high in degree of brand differentiation, brand commitment, product knowledge in purchasing product with hedonic value. This means that hedonic aspect of product and thus hedonic involvement has not less important in predicting consumer behavior. Finally, several interactive effects, which suppot to and conflict against the previous research findings, between level and type of involvement upon purchase behaviors are detacted. This implies that hedonically induced involvement has moderating roles in the effects of consumer involvement on purchase behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1196-1204
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• 2002

This research was to see if the fashion product ads are standardized or differentiated, and to find what were the determinants if any differentiation existed. The purpose of this study was to identify cultural characteristics significant on marketing fashion produce. In addition, the relative importance of product appeals between rational and emotional in the fashion ads was examined. Hofstede's(l991) three cultural characteristics dimensions such as individualism-collectivism, power distance, masculinity-femininity were used. Content analysis was applied in the study. Magazine ads of apparel, cosmetics and accessories were collected from France, Japan, Korea and the US in 1999-2000. Cultural characteristics of the fashion ads were evaluated and compared in terms of country, product type and product involvement. Also ten consumption appeals were examined for county and product type. ANOVA, Duncan test and $X^2$ test were applied to analyze data. The results were shown as follows: First, all the cultural characteristics such as individualism-collectivism, power distance, and femininity-masculinity were different among countries. Second, two product appeals were significantly different among countries. Hedonic appeals were dominant fur France and the US while those were not for Korea and Japan. Third, product involvement level had significant impact on power distance characteristic and product appeals. Ads of high involvement fashion goods showed larger power distance and more emotional appeals. In conclusion, global fashion ads should be differentiated in terms of some cultural characteristics and product appeals.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.721-729
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• 2022

The pandemic of COVID-19 has led "E-commerce+ Live streaming", the new form of retail business, development rapidly. And more and more consumers choose to buy commodities in E-commerce live streaming. According to the related investigation at home and abroad, the purchase intention and WOM intention are two important measuring factors of the effect of the direct transmission of e-commerce. In previous research, the author proved that IWOM has become an important reference for consumers to make online purchases. In this study, the author mainly focus on the impact of online WOM on consumer intention. Based on the Involvement Theory, this paper proposes a model of the influence of IWOM on WOM intention in e-commerce live broadcast which is adjusted by the product involvement degree. The results show that the characteristics of anchor, the quantity and quality of IWOM, the prescription of IWOM, the difference of IWOM and the intention of WOM are positively regulated by the product involvement. However, product involvement did not play a moderating role between relationship strength and WOM intention.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.213-227
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• 2015

This study understood what effect was produced on the purchasing decision making of outdoor wear by a shopping orientation, fashion involvement and demographic characteristics offered practical suggestions as to what effect was produced on the store selection criteria, product selection criteria for purchasing decision making in purchasing outdoor wear. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and 397 males in were collected for analysis. The results were as follows. First, shopping orientation group was classified into hedonic shopping orientation group and utilitarian shopping orientation group. And it was classified into high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group according to fashion involvement. Product selection criteria were classified into 2 factors such as intrinsic attributes and extrinsic attributes. And store selection criteria were classified into 4 factors such as store atmosphere, store environment, promotion and salesmen. Second, there was partly significant difference in product selection criteria, and store selection criteria between utilitarian shopping group and hedonic shopping group. Third, there was significant difference in product selection criteria and store selection criteria between high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group. Finally, there was significant difference in the and according to age, job, and income among demographic characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.262-275
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• 2021

The expansion of the online market is expected to change the purchasing environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in the moderating effect of each characteristic on perceived quality and purchase intention according to the group according to product involvement and purchaser age. The first step is to identify the characteristics of online information sources and social media platforms through a literature review. Next, when perceived quality affects purchase intention, we verify the moderating effect according to the characteristics of online information sources and social media platforms. The moderating effect is verified at the stage by dividing it into a group according to product involvement and a group according to age. The following results were confirmed throughout the study: First, perceived quality significantly affects purchase intention. Second, in the relationship between perceived quality and purchase intention, the influence of the moderating effect is different depending on the high-involvement product and the low-involvement product. Third, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the moderating effect of online information sources and social media platforms in the relationship between perceived quality and purchase intention according to age. This study intends to increase consumers' purchase intentions by identifying specific age groups and product groups of involvement and establishing strategies suitable for the characteristics of online information sources and social media platforms.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Very few studies have been done on Studying Brand credibility and Involvement as a determinant of Brand Equity. Literature on Brand Equity signifies lots of constructs like, Country of Origin, Brand Signaling, and Brand Power act as determinant to Brand Equity. This study tries to formulate relationship between the construct Brand Credibility and Brand Involvement as Antecedents to Brand Equity of Product. Using a Two Step Structural Equation Modelling approach analysis on the data collected on Mobile Phone brands were done. Result signified that Brand Credibility and Brand Involvement had significant influence on Brand Equity of the Product. On the Other hand there was no significant relationship between Brand Credibility and Brand Involvement of the Product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1333-1341
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• 2007

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the impact of a apparel brand and an ingredient brand on evaluation(perceived quality, favorable attitude, purchase intention) of apparel products, and to examine the differences in evaluations toward apparel products allied with ingredient brands between groups divided by product knowledge and leisure involvement. The subjects were 235 men and women aged 20 to 40. Two-by-two factorial design were employed. A series of ANOVA were used to determine if significant differences existed in evaluations of apparel products. There was a significant interaction effect of an apparel brand and an ingredient brand on evaluations of apparel products. Empirical results showed that ingredient brands would improve the consumers' perceived quality, favorable attitude and purchase intention toward apparel products. In addition, the results indicated that the respondents that had high leisure involvement and high product knowledge were more likely to evaluate apparel products based on the ingredient brand of the products. However, the respondents that had low leisure involvement and product knowledge were more likely to evaluate apparel products based on the host brand of the products.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.101-132
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• 2019

In order to enhance the competitiveness of tourism destinations, it is important to manage tourist products considering the characteristics of tourist destinations and the characteristics of tourists. In this study, we divided Seoul's tourism products into four parts (shopping, food, culture, and natural landscape) to explore if there are some direct connections between tourism product involvement, self-congruity, and functional congruity. The other research question is if the degree of tourism product involvement reaches a certain intensity, will the place attachment be generated and the destination satisfaction be fulfilled. The survey was the focus on the international visitors in smart city, Seoul by using the random sampling and convenience sampling and collected 250 data. Finally, we found that destination personality significantly affects both self-congruity and functional congruity. If self-congruity and functional congruity are formed, tourism product involvement will be stimulated which will finally satisfy tourists and arouse their place attachment. The implications of these findings contribute to destination marketers to develop more effective destination management.