• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2004

In order to screen microorganisms producing phopholipase D (PLD) had high transphosphatidylation activity, about 1,000 Actinomycetes strains were isolated from the 63 soil samples, collected over 6 local area in Korea. When the hydrolytic activity in the supernatant was determined, 131 strains produced PLD more than 0.3U/$m\ell$. Among 131 culture broths tested, 23 ones had transphosphatidylation activity higher than 20% and finally one strain (Actinomycetes KF923), which had highest hydrolytic and transphophadylation activity, was selected. Actinomycetes KF923 showed the highest hydrolytic activity (13U/$m\ell$) and phosphatidylation activity (95%) after 48 h fermentation using the P medium (yeast extract 1%, peptone 1%, glucose 1.5%, glycerol 1%, $CaCO_3$ 0.4%, pH 7.2). PLD was purified from the culture broth of Actinomycetes KF923 and the specific activity of purified PLD was 567U/mg. The molecular weight of PLD was about 55kD and the optimum pH and temperature were pH 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stability of PLD toward pH and temperature were high around pH 8.0 and below $40^{\circ}C$ Special metal ions were not necessary to the PLD activity.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.391-411
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• 2018

The purpose of this thesis is to examine ontology of digital photo image based on a Simulacre concept of Gilles Deleuze & Jean Baudrillard. Traditionally, analog image follows the logic of reproduction with a similarity with original target. Therefore, visual reality of analog image is illuminated, interpreted, and described in a subjective viewpoint, but does not deviate from the interpreted reality. However, digital image does not exist physically but exists as information that is made of mathematical data, a digital algorithm. This digital image is that newness of every reproduction, that is, essence of subject 'once existing there' does not exist anymore, and does not instruct or reproduce an outside target. Therefore, digital image does not have the similarity and does not keep the index instruction ability anymore. It means that this digital image is converted into a virtual area, and this is not reproduction of already existing but display of not existing yet. This not-being of digital image changes understanding of reality, existence, and imagination. Now, dividing it into reality and imagination itself is meaningless, and this does not make digital image with technical improvement but is a new image that is basically completely different from existing image. Eventually, digital image of the day passes step to visualize an existent target, nonexistent things have been visualized, and reality operates virtually. It means that digital image does not reproduce our reality but reproduces other reality realistically. In other words, it is a virtual reproduction producing an image that is not related to a target, that is to say Simulacre. In the virtually simulated world, reality has an infinite possibility, and it is not a picture of the past and present and has a possibility as the infinite virtual that is not fixed, is infinitely mutable, and is not actualized yet.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.270-296
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• 2011

The named source kept in all place names alludes to the close relationship between place name and its place while it also becomes a fundamental condition for geographical research on place names. Meanwhile, the named source may be recognized differently according to who the social subjects producing and changing place names Life. Place names represent and constitute the identity and the ideology of the diverse social subjects. This aspect is related to cultural politics concerned with conflicts and contestation among different social subjects over the meaning of place names. Particularly, the Gongju-Mok Jingwan Area in the Korean peninsula has long history and geopolitical location as a borderland and a buffer zone. As a result, it has provided many conditions for cultural diversity and power relations, both of which have caused social subjects to contest their social power across space and time, and has led to produce the several types in the changes of place names. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the types according to the named source, especially that of the forepart of place names morpheme, and those cultural-political meanings. These place names are classified into three large groups, such as the physical place names, the social place names, and the economic place names. These types of place names have represented the place identity and the ideology of diverse social subjects, and also accompanied the changes by power relations between themselves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.798-807
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• 2008

Due to economic impairment derived from metal corrosion of pumping station installed around coastal area, it was needed for related cause-effect to be investigated for understanding practical corrosion behavior and providing proper control. This research was thus carried out to determine whether the microbe can influence on metal corrosion along with its control in the laboratory. For this study, groundwater was sampled from the underground pump station(i.e. I Gas Station) where corrosion was observed. Microbial diversity on the samples were then obtained by 16S rDNA methods. From this, microbial populations showing corrosion behaviors against metals were reported as Leptothrix sp.(Iron oxidizing) and Desulfovibrio sp.(Sulfur reducing) Iron oxidizing bacteria were dominantly participating in the corrosion of iron, while sulfate reducing bacteria were more preferably producing precipitate of iron. In case of galvanized steel and stainless steel, iron oxidizing bacteria not only enhanced the corrosion, but also generated its scale of precipitate. Sulfate reducing bacteria had zinc steel corroded greater extent than that of iron oxidizing bacteria. In the inactivation test, chlorine or UV exposure could efficiently control bacterial growth. However as the inactivation intensity being increased beyond a threshold level, corrosion rate was unlikely escalated due to augmented chemical effect. It is decided that microbial corrosion could be differently taken place depending upon type of microbes or materials, although they were highly correlated. It could be efficiently retarded by given disinfection practices.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

The occurrence of postharvest disease of apple was surveyed from 1995 to 1997 in the major apple-producing area in Korea. Ten genera including Alternaria spp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the decayed apple fruits. Of these, B. cinerea, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. were frequently isolated and were highly pathogenic to apple fruits. Optimum temperature of mycelial growth for Penicillium spp. ranged from 10 to $30^{\circ}C$ and that of mycelial growth for B. cinerea and Alternaria spp. ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$. Optimum temperature of sporulation of Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. ranged $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Occurrence of postharvest disease of apple increased in neglecting selection of wounded fruits before storing apples. Most of these fungi causing postharvest diseases such as Penicillium spp, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria spp. were isolated from healthy fruits sampled at apple orchard. These results suggested that posthavest diseases of apple were originated from apple fruits contaminated from apple orchard and occurred during storage. In addition, five fungicides including prochloraz EC, fenari EC, captan WP, benomyl WP and folpet WP suppressed posthavest diseases when they sprayed on apple fruits at 30 days before harvesting.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1980

Fungi which were capable of producing gluconic acid were isolated from soil and tree leave samples, which had been collected in Seoul ana its vicinity. Among the 19 strains isolated, a strain named arbitrarily KUF-O4 was selected as a test strain chiefty because of its efficiency in gluconic acid production. The strain was identified as an Aspergillus sp. through its morphological properties. Optimum conditions for the gluconic acid production of KUF-O4 were investigated. The results obtained are as follows. 1. An incubation period of at least 30 hours was required for a good yield of gluconic acid. 2. A medium containing 10％ glucose needed at least 3 ％ CaCo$_3$to maintain the optimum pH for the production of gluconic acid during fermentation. 3. As a carbon source, glucose was the most effective one among the carbon sources tested. 4. As a nitrogen source, an ammonium salt was more effective than any other form of nitrogen compounds. 5. As mineral source, a small amount of both KH$_2$PO$_4$and MgSO$_4$was found to be necessary to increase the efficiency of the gluconic acid production.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

This study is intended to analyze the impact of PMMA on color changes comparatively by making 2 types of cheek color items with red-color pigments: one containing PMMA, which is one of the recently developed circular polymers and used when producing color make-up items that have aero powder as the chief ingredient, and the other without it. To accomplish the purpose, we have reviewed literature on raw materials that have aero powder as the chief ingredient. Also, after making compounds of PMMA and pigments lot aero powder, such as Talc, Mica, OMC Talc As, Mica As, we examined them compared to those without PMMA using spectrophotometer, a questionnaire survey, and Digital camera. Besides, the particles were analyzed using SEM. As a result of the analysis, cosmetics containing PMMA represent more vivid and rich colors, putting on one's face softly. Since the entire specific surface area of PMMA is large enough to absorb oil evenly, it yields vivid and rich colors. But, Mica, one of natural pigments, shows a result as opposed to that of Mica As, one of silicon-compounded pigments, suggesting that pearl effect may possibly causes defused reflection. Based on these findings, it is expected that cosmetics will have more vivid colors, or improved color presentation, as well as the softer sense of touch when a circular polymer of PMMa is added to the manufacturing process of color make-up items.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2014

The current rural conditions are undergoing the change from the past production-intensive structure to an integral and complex one of producing, processing, selling, touring and lodging owing to the changes of life-style, consumption trend and social environments. The rural area is developing into a community of rural tourism villages to grow into one management system along with the assistance of the government's various supporting projects. Through this, the rural designing has got to play a significant role as one of the factors of the enhancement of competitiveness and the increase of income. Therefore, those previous studies on the variety and possibility of rural development are being employed for the researches which are to develop techniques of branding, marketing and packaging. In particular, the researches for VI (Village Identity), BI (Brand Identity) and designs of landscaping, packaging of agricultural specialties and display stores, which definitely shows that the importance of rural designing, is being paid a lot more attention to. Thus, this study has verified the site commercialization and its effect by developing some practical designing with the focus of package design at rural tourism villages. The Okgye Village in Yoncheon was selected for study subject based on the result of status investigation. This study has analyzed such problems as lack of village identity, non-description of items and their indispensible marks which were seen their designs of village and packaging. The colors of major items and the village image being substituted into the image scale of IRI color were estimated so that the appropriate colors might be selected, along with which the shapes of major items were decided to be motif for the village symbol and design to be created. The designs of such major items as grains, greens and sauces were created with the consideration of the easiness of loading, the continuity of using and the aesthetics. For grains, those outer boxes which are possible for set-packaging and small-sized packaging have been developed. For greens were developed the boxes with the structure of the permeability for the persisten't quality as well as the possibility for packaging small amount. In case of sauces, those outer-boxes equipped with fixing tray were made with the transport-convenience taken into consideration. The sticker-label designs for all those three were also developed which stand for the village identity and are conveniently used in each farm family. When this development was applied at the sites, it was found that the satisfaction and reliability of consumers as well as the satisfaction of farmers were raised along with the increase by more than 30% after the improvement.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2017

Recently, the grounded electrical-source airborne transient electromagnetic (GREATEM) system with high power source was introduced to achieve deeper investigation depth and to overcome high noise level. Although the GREATEM is a transient electromagnetic system using a long grounded wire as the transmitter, GREATEM data have been interpreted with 1D earth models because 2D or 3D modeling and inversion of vast airborne data are complicated and expensive to calculate. Generally, 1D inversion is subsequently applied to every survey point and combining 1D images together forms the stitched conductivity-depth image. However, the stitched models often result in abrupt variations in neighboring models. To overcome this problem, laterally constrained inversion (LCI) has been developed in inversion of ATEM data, which can yield layered sections with lateral smooth transitions. In this study, we analysed the GREATEM data through 1D numerical modeling for a curved grounded wire source. Furthermore, we developed a laterally constrained inversion scheme for continuous GREATEM data based on a layered earth model. All 1D data sets and models are inverted as one system, producing layered sections with lateral smooth transitions. Applying the developed LCI technique to the GREATEM data, it was confirmed that the laterally constrained inversion can provide laterally smooth model sections that reflect the layering of the survey area effectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

The results of this study on Purchase Patterns and Recognition of Processed Foods of School Meal Service Dietitians of elementary, junior and senior high schools in Chonbuk and Deagu Area are as follows : First, the rate of single cooking of the schools surveyed is 100% in Deagu and 66.9% in Chonbuk, and Chonbuk has more small-meal service schools which caused a higher labor cost than Deagu, Secondly, schools in Deagu has purchased not completely processed vegetables and fish and shells than Chonbuk, and Chonbuk(66.9%) has served more Kim-chi products than Deagu(41.6%). Thirdly, nutritional effects and preference have been considered as school dietitians make plans for the menu. Fourthly, the opinions of the school dietitians about processed food are in the order of high sodium content, convenience and the use of preservative, and Chonbuk has responded positively to the articles of future oriented quality, cooking usage and variety while Deagu has thought of it as an economical. The expected effects from the use of processed foods are in the order of saving labor time and student preferences. Fifthly, meat products have been frequently used and more frozen meat products have been used in Deagu and senior high school than Chonbuk and elementary and junior high schools, last, preferences on processed food are in the order of frozen sea food, noodles. dried sea food, processed vegetable and fruit, dairy goods and others. Senior high school dietitians have preferred packed meat products and other frozen processed food more than elementary and junior high school dietitians. The rate of serving processed food had a different depending on the number of students. In this study, dietitians recognize the harmful effects of processed foods over the merits, which means that the rate of using processed food is low. The proper usage of processed foods is thought to improve the preference of students, to have cooking time shortened and to help manage the meal service sanitarily and efficiently. Therefore, companies producing processed foods should do their best to develop safety and health oriented foods to gain the credibility, and the government should make new regulations for people to purchase and obtain processed foods without any doubt.