• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1992

The xylanase producing microorganisms occurring on rotten woods were selectively isolated on the modified Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with 0.5% xylan as a sole carbon source. Among more than three-hundred isolates of xylanase producing microorganisms, only two bacterial isolates were turned out to be more potent xylanase producer than the reference strain of xylanase producer, Aureobaszdium pullulans NRRL Y-2311. The exo-xylanase producer, bacterial isolate No. 33 was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas sp. on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterizations as well as cellular fatty acid composition. Optima of pH and of temperature for enzyme reactions of xylanase were 5.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. The enzyme was stable in a range of pH 5.0~7.0 and below $45^{\circ}C$. Among the number of carbohydrate substrates, xylose was turned out to be a potent inducer of Pseudomonas sp. No.33 exo-xylanase. Among the raw materials tested, rice straw was the best material for xylanase production by Pseudomonas sp. strain No. 33.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2014

In this study, the objectives are to provide rural experience tourism village business courses and development direction in between individual farmers and the village in base on rural development business of Hapjeon-village. The developmental process of a farm-stay village can be categorized into the period of six stages: 1) a conception stage 2) an adoption stage 3) a growth stage 4) an expansion stage 5) a stagnation stage 6) a recovery stage. Farm Stay Villages, Individual Farmhouses or Producer Groups can be placed in four different quadrant areas of a graph, depending on the pursuing direction and results of core values by having the X-axis for economic factors (public profits, individual profits) and by having the Y-axis for emotional factors (self-actualization, conflicts). The first quadrant area is designated for ideal individual farmhouses and producer groups for having achieved the status of economic self-reliant and high emotional satisfaction. The second quadrant is for ideal self-actualized communal villages having achieved the independent public interest and public profitable status. The third quadrant is reserved for villages experiencing communal conflicts and no economic self-reliant stagnant status. The fourth guardant area is allocated for individual farmhouses and producer groups having achieved self-reliant economic status, yet having communal conflicts. Using the aforementioned concept, the government shall design village development projects and prepare realistic and achievable goals and place them in as a systematic device in future projects.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2020

While the renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) is in place to expand the scale of renewable energy generation, the power producer can obtain the renewable energy credit (REC) and use it as an incentive to operate the facility. RECs secured by solar power generation can be traded through spot market or fixed price contracts, and, in the spot market trading, power producers are exposed to the uncertainty of REC spot price. In this study, real option analysis is conducted to analyze the optimal threshold of REC spot price for the conversion of REC trading method by power producer considering the uncertainty of REC spot price. We calculated the optimal threshold of REC spot price that can convert the trading method of REC from spot market to fixed price contract. In conclusion, the spot market trading is a rational trading method when considering the uncertainty of REC price, but the fixed price bidding is a rational trading method when not considering the uncertainty of REC price.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.327-341
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze causality among Wando abalone producer prices by size using a vector autoregressive model to expiscate the leading-price of Wando abalone in various price classes by size per kg. This study, using an analytical approach, applies a unit-root test for stability of data, a Granger causality test to learn about interaction among price classes by size for Wando abalone, and a vector autoregressive model to estimate the statistical impact among t-1 variables used in the model. As a result of our leading-price analysis of Wando abalone producer prices by shell size using a VAR model, first, DF, PP, and KPSS tests showed that the Wando abalone monthly price change rate by size differentiated by logarithm were stable. Second, the Granger causality relationship analysis showed that the price change rate for big size abalone weakly led the price change rate for the small and medium sizes of abalone. Third, the vector autoregressive model showed that three price change rates of t-1 period variables statistically, significantly impacted price change rates of own size and other sizes in t period. Fourth, the impulse response analysis indicated that the impulse responses of structural shocks for price change rate for big size abalone was relatively more powerful in its own size and in other sizes than shocks emanating from other sizes. Fifth, the variance decomposition analysis indicated that the price change rate for big size abalone was relatively more influential than the price change rates for medium and small size abalone.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.351-374
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• 2017

In this study, we propose a model for constructing a producer-centered self-publishing repository for the personal digital records and three operational process for practical application of the operational model. 1) As essential requirements for constructing a DSpace-based self-publishing repository, we propose producer-centered service provision, management subject, operation and management plan, how to activate the repository of digital personal records producers, copyright issues, development and dissemination process. 2) The repository model constructs a producer-centered circular structure considering these requirements. 3) Through a repository model with multiple agencies, it provides various services such as content distribution, keyword search, usage statistics, recommendation system, and open access to portal users and electronic publishers as well as individual users.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.294-300
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• 2013

All countries make an effort to ensure the safety of agricultural products in the food distribution phase. Recently, as the market size of farm produces sales has increased through on-line shopping malls, there are various researches to offer traceable information about farm produces to customers conveniently and correctly. This paper designs and implements an integrated self-advertisement system for farm produces. By offering producer's information and traceable information about farm produces directly through the suggested system, a producer can assure the safeness of the informations and a customer can have trust in the agricultural produces. Especially, because the suggested system does not need a heavy cost or a complicated registration process for producers, it can be used as convenient and safe advertisement means and help small-scale producers a lot in increasing sales profit.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.517-543
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze economic impacts for changes in the oil cost of the anchovy boat seine fisheries in South Korea. As analytical approach, this study employs the exponential surplus production model to estimate the maximum sustainable yield and also utilizes the bioeconomic model to calculate changes in producer surplus of the anchovy boat seine fisheries under the open access responding to changes in the oil cost. As the result of analysis, increases in the oil cost due to prohibition of duty-free oil supply result in the negative impacts to the producer surplus of the anchovy boat seine fisheries in South Korea. However, increases in the oil cost of the anchovy boat seine fisheries lead voluntary exit to fishermen which can no more run their business. As a result, this study shows that fishing efforts of the anchovy boat seine fisheries reduce under the fishing efforts of the maximum sustainable yield ($F_{MSY}$) and stock of the anchovy increases.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2017

Recently global society has been interested in the alleviation of poverty in the developing countries. Fair trade has gotten lots of attention as the new way to release the poor situation of the developing countries through the favored trade deal. This research endeavored to reveal the problems of fair trade in the context of the subalternity of producers in the developing countries. Fair trade as a social movement has been carried out under the principle of fairness with the partnership between developed and developing countries, pursuing on the sustainable development of the developing countries. However, it has been revealed that fair trade is not the right way to overcome the poverty of developing countries. The main reason for the unfairness of fair trade was due to the developed countries led programs which are very similar to aid programs, thus this study suggests the necessity of producer-led development program as a practical performance of the producers in the developing countries for fair trade. For this development, this research put emphasis on the perceptual transition for development, renewed understanding of market value, development as freedom, and the importance of individuality for local development in the context of postdevelopment.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.40-60
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• 2020

When various kinds of products are produced from a single energy system, the methodology which allocates the common cost to each product cost is very important because it is directly related with the profit and loss of producer and purchaser. In the cost allocation methodology of electricity and heat for CHP, there are heat method, work method, benefit distribution method, exergy method, and so on. Benefit distribution method is the most widely known worldwide, and exergy method is widely recognized among thermal engineers. As a result of review, it is judged that the rationality of benefit distribution method is low because the result deviates from common sense, and the rationality of exergy method is high because the result consistent with common sense. In accounting, it is calculated as merit methodology and the result is used for negotiations between producer and buyer, but In thermal engineering, the rationality of exergy methodology is described only as a thesis. The purpose of this study is to compare and examine the rationality of merit methodology and exergy methodology, and the aim is to describe in detail in order that producer and buyer can understand the rationality of each methodology.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

The content of Pb and Cd in the soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer by the distance from two highway with different construction years and traffic volumes was measured from 1984 through 1986. The result was compared with that of a control in Yangsu-ri near Mt. Unak, Namyangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. The producers in the area of Yangjae-done are composed of 27 species of floras with Glycine soja being the dominant species while those in Shingal 20 species, with Leesia japonica being the dominant species. The faunas in the former area include 37 families and 69 species, with insects being dominant. In the area of Yangjae-dong, the biomass by trophic levels increased from the ration of 1/400 between producer and 1st consumer to the ratio of 1/10 between 1st consumer and 2nd consumer. The Pb content of soil, producer, 1st consumer and 2nd consumer in Yangjae-done near the Kyungbu highway with traffic jam has the sigingacant difference of 1% level at the vicinity of 10 meters and it is the same with that of Shingal area nearthe Youngdong highway with relatively sparse traffic except for the 2nd consumer. In case of cadmium content, the 1st and 2nd consumer has 1% signigicant difference near the Kyungbu highway and other trophic levels have no diference. Besides, the content of Pb and Cd at the site 1, 2 and 3 within the range of 100 meters from the two highways has 1% significant difference from that of a control while the site 4 has no difference.